Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice

Tano Konan Dominique; Kouadio James Halbin; Yavo William; Djaman Alico Joseph; Menan Eby Ignace Hervé

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16

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Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice

Tano Konan Dominique, Kouadio James Halbin, Yavo William, Djaman Alico Joseph, Menan Eby Ignace Hervé

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 1, Issue 4)

Received: 19 December 2013 Published: 10 January 2014

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Abstract

The uses of different parts of the plant Terminalia glaucescens in traditional medicine is well known in some African countries. Thus, the methanol or aqueous extract of plant leaves or roots was pharmacologically studied for its benefit effects in malaria, diabetes, cardiac and hepatic diseases. However, there is no investigation in probable adverse effect in order to determine safety dose for human users. In consequence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate both acute and sub-acute toxicity of methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice following single oral and repetitive administration. As results, the oral LD50 of the preparation in Swiss mice was found to be greater than 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw). In the repetitive toxicity study, Swiss mice (10/sex/group) were administered via oral gavage 0 (control), 13.90 (traditional therapeutic dose for malaria) and high dose 1390 mg/kg bw/day of the plant leaves extract for 15 days. Administration of the plant leaves preparation did not result in any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in clinical (including behavioral) observations. Interestingly, benefit effects have been observed in body weights for therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day) and some organs weight such as kidney and spleen (for females) were increased. Hepatoprotection and hypolipidemic actions have been observed with serum ALT and lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides) decrease in mice having received therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day). In addition, benefit effect has been observed in hemoglobin amount in animal treated by therapeutic dose. In parallel, precocious adverse effects have been observed with high dose of 1390 mg/kg bw/day in body weights and hemoglobin amounts and leukocytes cells number which were decreased when compared to control (p<0.01). This leucopenia was not linked to lymphocytes because they stayed unchanged. Probable neutropenia or myelotoxic effect could be the etiology of such leucopenia. Based on the results of this study, the No Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice could be near but under 1390mg/kg bw/ day.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 1, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16
Page(s)	85-90
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Terminalia Glaucescens-Leaves, Malaria-Therapeutic-Dose, Benefit-Effects, High-Dose-Leucopenia

References

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[2]	A. Dermarderosian, "The Review of Natural Products I", Facts and Comparison, Missouri, pp. 637, 2002.
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[8]	D. E. U. Ekong and O. G. Idemudia, "Constituents of some West African members of the genus Terminalia", J. Chem. Soc. C., 1967, pp. 863-864.
[9]	E.N. Bum, S. Soudi, E.R. Ayissi, C. Dong, N.H. Lakoulo, F. Maidawa, P.F.E. Seke, L.D. Nanga, G.S. Taiwe, T. Dimo, N. Njikam, A. Rakotonirina, S.V. Rakotonirina, A. Kamanyi "Anxiolytic Activity Evaluation of Four Medicinal Plants from Cameroon" African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2011, Vol 8, pp. 130-139.
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[13]	Atta-ur-Rahman, Seema Zareen, M. Iqbal Choudhary, M. Nadeem Akhtar, Shahida Shujaat, and F. N. Ngounou, "Some Chemical Constituents of Terminalia glaucescens and their Enzymes Inhibition Activity", Z. Naturforsch., 2005, vol. 60, pp. 347 – 350.
[14]	G. B. Sabas Nya Njomen, R. Kamgang, J.L.E. Oyono and N. Njikam "Antioxidant potential of the methanol–methylene chloride extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves on mice liver in streptozotocin-induced stress", Indian J Pharmacol., 2008, vol. 40, pp. 266–270.
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APA Style

Tano Konan Dominique, Kouadio James Halbin, Yavo William, Djaman Alico Joseph, Menan Eby Ignace Hervé. (2014). Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice. American Journal of BioScience, 1(4), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16

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ACS Style

Tano Konan Dominique; Kouadio James Halbin; Yavo William; Djaman Alico Joseph; Menan Eby Ignace Hervé. Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice. Am. J. BioScience 2014, 1(4), 85-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16

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AMA Style

Tano Konan Dominique, Kouadio James Halbin, Yavo William, Djaman Alico Joseph, Menan Eby Ignace Hervé. Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice. Am J BioScience. 2014;1(4):85-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16,
  author = {Tano Konan Dominique and Kouadio James Halbin and Yavo William and Djaman Alico Joseph and Menan Eby Ignace Hervé},
  title = {Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {85-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20130104.16},
  abstract = {The uses of different parts of the plant Terminalia glaucescens in traditional medicine is well known in some African countries. Thus, the methanol or aqueous extract of plant leaves or roots was pharmacologically studied for its benefit effects in malaria, diabetes, cardiac and hepatic diseases. However, there is no investigation in probable adverse effect in order to determine safety dose for human users. In consequence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate both acute and sub-acute toxicity of methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice following single oral and repetitive administration. As results, the oral LD50 of the preparation in Swiss mice was found to be greater than 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw). In the repetitive toxicity study, Swiss mice (10/sex/group) were administered via oral gavage 0 (control), 13.90 (traditional therapeutic dose for malaria) and high dose 1390 mg/kg bw/day of the plant leaves extract for 15 days. Administration of the plant leaves preparation did not result in any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in clinical (including behavioral) observations. Interestingly, benefit effects have been observed in body weights for therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day) and some organs weight such as kidney and spleen (for females) were increased. Hepatoprotection and hypolipidemic actions have been observed with serum ALT and lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides) decrease in mice having received therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day). In addition, benefit effect has been observed in hemoglobin amount in animal treated by therapeutic dose. In parallel, precocious adverse effects have been observed with high dose of 1390 mg/kg bw/day in body weights and hemoglobin amounts and leukocytes cells number which were decreased when compared to control (p<0.01). This leucopenia was not linked to lymphocytes because they stayed unchanged. Probable neutropenia or myelotoxic effect could be the etiology of such leucopenia. Based on the results of this study, the No Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice could be near but under 1390mg/kg bw/ day.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice
AU  - Tano Konan Dominique
AU  - Kouadio James Halbin
AU  - Yavo William
AU  - Djaman Alico Joseph
AU  - Menan Eby Ignace Hervé
Y1  - 2014/01/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 85
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16
AB  - The uses of different parts of the plant Terminalia glaucescens in traditional medicine is well known in some African countries. Thus, the methanol or aqueous extract of plant leaves or roots was pharmacologically studied for its benefit effects in malaria, diabetes, cardiac and hepatic diseases. However, there is no investigation in probable adverse effect in order to determine safety dose for human users. In consequence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate both acute and sub-acute toxicity of methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice following single oral and repetitive administration. As results, the oral LD50 of the preparation in Swiss mice was found to be greater than 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw). In the repetitive toxicity study, Swiss mice (10/sex/group) were administered via oral gavage 0 (control), 13.90 (traditional therapeutic dose for malaria) and high dose 1390 mg/kg bw/day of the plant leaves extract for 15 days. Administration of the plant leaves preparation did not result in any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in clinical (including behavioral) observations. Interestingly, benefit effects have been observed in body weights for therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day) and some organs weight such as kidney and spleen (for females) were increased. Hepatoprotection and hypolipidemic actions have been observed with serum ALT and lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides) decrease in mice having received therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day). In addition, benefit effect has been observed in hemoglobin amount in animal treated by therapeutic dose. In parallel, precocious adverse effects have been observed with high dose of 1390 mg/kg bw/day in body weights and hemoglobin amounts and leukocytes cells number which were decreased when compared to control (p<0.01). This leucopenia was not linked to lymphocytes because they stayed unchanged. Probable neutropenia or myelotoxic effect could be the etiology of such leucopenia. Based on the results of this study, the No Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice could be near but under 1390mg/kg bw/ day.
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Tano Konan Dominique

Dept. of Parasitology-Mycology, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Kouadio James Halbin

Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UFR Agroforesterie, University of J. Lorougnon GUEDE, Daloa, C?te d’Ivoire
Yavo William

Dept. of Parasitology-Mycology, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Djaman Alico Joseph

Dept. of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFR Bioscience, University of F.H. BOIGNY, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Menan Eby Ignace Hervé

Dept. of Parasitology-Mycology, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

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APA Style

Tano Konan Dominique, Kouadio James Halbin, Yavo William, Djaman Alico Joseph, Menan Eby Ignace Hervé. (2014). Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice. American Journal of BioScience, 1(4), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16

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ACS Style

Tano Konan Dominique; Kouadio James Halbin; Yavo William; Djaman Alico Joseph; Menan Eby Ignace Hervé. Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice. Am. J. BioScience 2014, 1(4), 85-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16

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AMA Style

Tano Konan Dominique, Kouadio James Halbin, Yavo William, Djaman Alico Joseph, Menan Eby Ignace Hervé. Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice. Am J BioScience. 2014;1(4):85-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16,
  author = {Tano Konan Dominique and Kouadio James Halbin and Yavo William and Djaman Alico Joseph and Menan Eby Ignace Hervé},
  title = {Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {85-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20130104.16},
  abstract = {The uses of different parts of the plant Terminalia glaucescens in traditional medicine is well known in some African countries. Thus, the methanol or aqueous extract of plant leaves or roots was pharmacologically studied for its benefit effects in malaria, diabetes, cardiac and hepatic diseases. However, there is no investigation in probable adverse effect in order to determine safety dose for human users. In consequence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate both acute and sub-acute toxicity of methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice following single oral and repetitive administration. As results, the oral LD50 of the preparation in Swiss mice was found to be greater than 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw). In the repetitive toxicity study, Swiss mice (10/sex/group) were administered via oral gavage 0 (control), 13.90 (traditional therapeutic dose for malaria) and high dose 1390 mg/kg bw/day of the plant leaves extract for 15 days. Administration of the plant leaves preparation did not result in any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in clinical (including behavioral) observations. Interestingly, benefit effects have been observed in body weights for therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day) and some organs weight such as kidney and spleen (for females) were increased. Hepatoprotection and hypolipidemic actions have been observed with serum ALT and lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides) decrease in mice having received therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day). In addition, benefit effect has been observed in hemoglobin amount in animal treated by therapeutic dose. In parallel, precocious adverse effects have been observed with high dose of 1390 mg/kg bw/day in body weights and hemoglobin amounts and leukocytes cells number which were decreased when compared to control (p<0.01). This leucopenia was not linked to lymphocytes because they stayed unchanged. Probable neutropenia or myelotoxic effect could be the etiology of such leucopenia. Based on the results of this study, the No Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice could be near but under 1390mg/kg bw/ day.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxic Effect Study of Methanol Extract of Terminalia Glaucesens Leaves Following Single or Short-Term Repetitive Oral Administration in Swiss Mice
AU  - Tano Konan Dominique
AU  - Kouadio James Halbin
AU  - Yavo William
AU  - Djaman Alico Joseph
AU  - Menan Eby Ignace Hervé
Y1  - 2014/01/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 85
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20130104.16
AB  - The uses of different parts of the plant Terminalia glaucescens in traditional medicine is well known in some African countries. Thus, the methanol or aqueous extract of plant leaves or roots was pharmacologically studied for its benefit effects in malaria, diabetes, cardiac and hepatic diseases. However, there is no investigation in probable adverse effect in order to determine safety dose for human users. In consequence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate both acute and sub-acute toxicity of methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice following single oral and repetitive administration. As results, the oral LD50 of the preparation in Swiss mice was found to be greater than 2500 mg/kg body weight (bw). In the repetitive toxicity study, Swiss mice (10/sex/group) were administered via oral gavage 0 (control), 13.90 (traditional therapeutic dose for malaria) and high dose 1390 mg/kg bw/day of the plant leaves extract for 15 days. Administration of the plant leaves preparation did not result in any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in clinical (including behavioral) observations. Interestingly, benefit effects have been observed in body weights for therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day) and some organs weight such as kidney and spleen (for females) were increased. Hepatoprotection and hypolipidemic actions have been observed with serum ALT and lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides) decrease in mice having received therapeutic dose (13.90 mg/kg bw/day). In addition, benefit effect has been observed in hemoglobin amount in animal treated by therapeutic dose. In parallel, precocious adverse effects have been observed with high dose of 1390 mg/kg bw/day in body weights and hemoglobin amounts and leukocytes cells number which were decreased when compared to control (p<0.01). This leucopenia was not linked to lymphocytes because they stayed unchanged. Probable neutropenia or myelotoxic effect could be the etiology of such leucopenia. Based on the results of this study, the No Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for methanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaves in Swiss mice could be near but under 1390mg/kg bw/ day.
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download