Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Hiromi Kano; Mika Koizumi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12

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Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Hiromi Kano, Mika Koizumi

Published in Plant (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 30 May 2014 Accepted: 18 June 2014 Published: 30 June 2014

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Abstract

The dynamic state of water was investigated for tree branches by a combined k-space and q-space imaging method using a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device equipped with a 1.0-T permanent magnet. Changes in the 1H-NMR image due to the application of pulsed-field gradients (PFG) of stepping magnitude were measured using a phantom consisting of flow water and stationary water; the relationship between the flow velocities and the diffusion coefficients of water was studied. The method was applied to excised Ligustrum lucidum branches under conditions with and without weak light (100-140 μmol m-2 s-1). The distributions and diffusion coefficients of cell-associated water for individual tissues in the branches were determined in relation to morphology. Large amounts of water existed but diffusion coefficients were not high in the cambium. Though the water amounts were moderate, the highest diffusion coefficient exceeded that for pure water in the secondary xylem. The conduit tubes were smaller than the imaging pixel, unlike the phantom, so the determined values might be perturbed by the conditions of the ambient cell-associated water. However, positional responses in the xylem flow to light were detected, and a flow velocity up to 0.71 mm s-1 by transpiration was recorded. The movement of water in the phloem was not distinguished from large amounts of water in adjacent tissues, probably due to the very small cells and slow rates of flow in the phloem.

Published in	Plant (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12
Page(s)	33-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dedicated MRI, Diffusion Coefficient, Flow-encoded Imaging, Ligustrum lucidum Branch, Morphology, Water State

References

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[17]	W. Köckenberger, J.M. Pope, Y. Xia, K.R. Jeffrey, E. Komor and P.T. Callaghan, “A non-invasive measurement of phloem and xylem water flow in castor bean seedlings by nuclear magnetic resonance micro-imaging.” Planta, 1997. 201: 53-63.
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APA Style

Hiromi Kano, Mika Koizumi. (2014). Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Plant, 2(3), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12

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ACS Style

Hiromi Kano; Mika Koizumi. Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Plant. 2014, 2(3), 33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12

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AMA Style

Hiromi Kano, Mika Koizumi. Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Plant. 2014;2(3):33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12,
  author = {Hiromi Kano and Mika Koizumi},
  title = {Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {33-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20140203.12},
  abstract = {The dynamic state of water was investigated for tree branches by a combined k-space and q-space imaging method using a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device equipped with a 1.0-T permanent magnet. Changes in the 1H-NMR image due to the application of pulsed-field gradients (PFG) of stepping magnitude were measured using a phantom consisting of flow water and stationary water; the relationship between the flow velocities and the diffusion coefficients of water was studied. The method was applied to excised Ligustrum lucidum branches under conditions with and without weak light (100-140 μmol m-2 s-1). The distributions and diffusion coefficients of cell-associated water for individual tissues in the branches were determined in relation to morphology. Large amounts of water existed but diffusion coefficients were not high in the cambium. Though the water amounts were moderate, the highest diffusion coefficient exceeded that for pure water in the secondary xylem. The conduit tubes were smaller than the imaging pixel, unlike the phantom, so the determined values might be perturbed by the conditions of the ambient cell-associated water. However, positional responses in the xylem flow to light were detected, and a flow velocity up to 0.71 mm s-1 by transpiration was recorded. The movement of water in the phloem was not distinguished from large amounts of water in adjacent tissues, probably due to the very small cells and slow rates of flow in the phloem.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging
AU  - Hiromi Kano
AU  - Mika Koizumi
Y1  - 2014/06/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 33
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12
AB  - The dynamic state of water was investigated for tree branches by a combined k-space and q-space imaging method using a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device equipped with a 1.0-T permanent magnet. Changes in the 1H-NMR image due to the application of pulsed-field gradients (PFG) of stepping magnitude were measured using a phantom consisting of flow water and stationary water; the relationship between the flow velocities and the diffusion coefficients of water was studied. The method was applied to excised Ligustrum lucidum branches under conditions with and without weak light (100-140 μmol m-2 s-1). The distributions and diffusion coefficients of cell-associated water for individual tissues in the branches were determined in relation to morphology. Large amounts of water existed but diffusion coefficients were not high in the cambium. Though the water amounts were moderate, the highest diffusion coefficient exceeded that for pure water in the secondary xylem. The conduit tubes were smaller than the imaging pixel, unlike the phantom, so the determined values might be perturbed by the conditions of the ambient cell-associated water. However, positional responses in the xylem flow to light were detected, and a flow velocity up to 0.71 mm s-1 by transpiration was recorded. The movement of water in the phloem was not distinguished from large amounts of water in adjacent tissues, probably due to the very small cells and slow rates of flow in the phloem.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Hiromi Kano

Oak-Hill Georgic Patch-Work Laboratory, Chiba, Japan
Mika Koizumi

Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

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APA Style

Hiromi Kano, Mika Koizumi. (2014). Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Plant, 2(3), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12

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ACS Style

Hiromi Kano; Mika Koizumi. Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Plant. 2014, 2(3), 33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12

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AMA Style

Hiromi Kano, Mika Koizumi. Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Plant. 2014;2(3):33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12,
  author = {Hiromi Kano and Mika Koizumi},
  title = {Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {33-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20140203.12},
  abstract = {The dynamic state of water was investigated for tree branches by a combined k-space and q-space imaging method using a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device equipped with a 1.0-T permanent magnet. Changes in the 1H-NMR image due to the application of pulsed-field gradients (PFG) of stepping magnitude were measured using a phantom consisting of flow water and stationary water; the relationship between the flow velocities and the diffusion coefficients of water was studied. The method was applied to excised Ligustrum lucidum branches under conditions with and without weak light (100-140 μmol m-2 s-1). The distributions and diffusion coefficients of cell-associated water for individual tissues in the branches were determined in relation to morphology. Large amounts of water existed but diffusion coefficients were not high in the cambium. Though the water amounts were moderate, the highest diffusion coefficient exceeded that for pure water in the secondary xylem. The conduit tubes were smaller than the imaging pixel, unlike the phantom, so the determined values might be perturbed by the conditions of the ambient cell-associated water. However, positional responses in the xylem flow to light were detected, and a flow velocity up to 0.71 mm s-1 by transpiration was recorded. The movement of water in the phloem was not distinguished from large amounts of water in adjacent tissues, probably due to the very small cells and slow rates of flow in the phloem.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dynamic State of Water in Excised Ligustrum Lucidum Branches Observed by Dedicated Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging
AU  - Hiromi Kano
AU  - Mika Koizumi
Y1  - 2014/06/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 33
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20140203.12
AB  - The dynamic state of water was investigated for tree branches by a combined k-space and q-space imaging method using a dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device equipped with a 1.0-T permanent magnet. Changes in the 1H-NMR image due to the application of pulsed-field gradients (PFG) of stepping magnitude were measured using a phantom consisting of flow water and stationary water; the relationship between the flow velocities and the diffusion coefficients of water was studied. The method was applied to excised Ligustrum lucidum branches under conditions with and without weak light (100-140 μmol m-2 s-1). The distributions and diffusion coefficients of cell-associated water for individual tissues in the branches were determined in relation to morphology. Large amounts of water existed but diffusion coefficients were not high in the cambium. Though the water amounts were moderate, the highest diffusion coefficient exceeded that for pure water in the secondary xylem. The conduit tubes were smaller than the imaging pixel, unlike the phantom, so the determined values might be perturbed by the conditions of the ambient cell-associated water. However, positional responses in the xylem flow to light were detected, and a flow velocity up to 0.71 mm s-1 by transpiration was recorded. The movement of water in the phloem was not distinguished from large amounts of water in adjacent tissues, probably due to the very small cells and slow rates of flow in the phloem.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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