The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China

Xue Guang; Ma Jianxia; Du Jinrong; Li Chunyan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15

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The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China

Xue Guang, Ma Jianxia, Du Jinrong, Li Chunyan

Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 6)

Received: 1 November 2017 Accepted: 27 November 2017 Published: 11 January 2018

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Abstract

Based on the investigation of weed in warm season turf of 46 Golf courses in southern China during 1998-2000 and 2013-2015 respectively. 159 kinds of weed were determined. Most of weed population or community contained 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria sanguinalis, Paspalum conjugatum, Axonpus compressus, Panicum repens, Poa annua; Cyperus rotundus, Kyllinga brevifolia; Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Oxalis corniculata, Kummerowia striata, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Desmodium triflorum, Mimosa pudica, Centella asiatica, Securinega suffiruticosa, Viola japonica, Hedyotis corymbosa, Euphorbia humifusa, Lobelia chinensis and Alysicarpus vaginalis in 2000. While it changed to new 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria ischaemum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Poa annua, Brachiaria villosa, Axonpus compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Paspalum distichum, Eragrostis pilosa, Panicum repens, Dactyloctenium aegyptium; Kyllinga brevifolia, Cyperus rotundus; Euphorbia humifusa, Hedyotis corymbosa, Desmodium triflorum, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Centella asiatica, Alysicarpus vaginalis, Kummerowia striata and Trifolium repens in 2015. The investigation showed that grasses were increasing rapidly, broadleaf weeds were decreasing comparing with the weeds 15 years ago in the same golf courses. The paper showed 24 pieces of picture related those population or community. Author also analyzed the possible factors to influence the evolution of weed population. It may due to hand weeding, competition, climate changing, improper maintain and improper herbicide application.

Published in	Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15
Page(s)	196-204
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Weed, Population, Evolution, Golf, Turf

References

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[4]	K. X. Pan. G. Xue. W. R. Zhou. “Effect mowing height of seashore paspalum on Kyllinga brevifolia control with Cao Ping Ning 71#” in Pratacultural science, 2009, 26 (7): 177-180 (in Chinese).
[5]	G. Xue and J. X. Ma. “Flazasulfuron for weed control in burmudagrass in golf turf.” in proc. of 17^th APWSS. Bangkok, Thailand, 1999: 472-475.
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[7]	E. C. Elmore and W. B. Mchenry. “Weed control in guide to turfgrass pest control.” California agricultural experiment atation and extension services, 1973.
[8]	J. X., Ma and G. Xue, “The status of weed control in the Burmudagrass of Golf course of U. S. A” in Pratacultural science, 1999, 16 (2): 55-57 (in Chinese).
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[16]	G. Xue and Q. Ma “Watch out weed transformed from unwanted turf growing in cultivated golf turf.” in Pratacultural science, 2010, 27 (10): 31-38 (in Chinese).
[17]	R. L Zimdahl, “Weed-crop competition a review.” International Plant Protection center. Oregon State University, USA. 1980: 9.
[18]	L. G. Holm, L. P. Donald, V. P. Juan. and P. H. James, “The world’s worst weeds distribution and biology.” The University Press of Hawaii, USA. 1977: 12-17.
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APA Style

Xue Guang, Ma Jianxia, Du Jinrong, Li Chunyan. (2018). The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China. Journal of Plant Sciences, 5(6), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15

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ACS Style

Xue Guang; Ma Jianxia; Du Jinrong; Li Chunyan. The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China. J. Plant Sci. 2018, 5(6), 196-204. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15

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AMA Style

Xue Guang, Ma Jianxia, Du Jinrong, Li Chunyan. The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China. J Plant Sci. 2018;5(6):196-204. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15

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@article{10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15,
  author = {Xue Guang and Ma Jianxia and Du Jinrong and Li Chunyan},
  title = {The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {196-204},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20170506.15},
  abstract = {Based on the investigation of weed in warm season turf of 46 Golf courses in southern China during 1998-2000 and 2013-2015 respectively. 159 kinds of weed were determined. Most of weed population or community contained 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria sanguinalis, Paspalum conjugatum, Axonpus compressus, Panicum repens, Poa annua; Cyperus rotundus, Kyllinga brevifolia; Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Oxalis corniculata, Kummerowia striata, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Desmodium triflorum, Mimosa pudica, Centella asiatica, Securinega suffiruticosa, Viola japonica, Hedyotis corymbosa, Euphorbia humifusa, Lobelia chinensis and Alysicarpus vaginalis in 2000. While it changed to new 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria ischaemum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Poa annua, Brachiaria villosa, Axonpus compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Paspalum distichum, Eragrostis pilosa, Panicum repens, Dactyloctenium aegyptium; Kyllinga brevifolia, Cyperus rotundus; Euphorbia humifusa, Hedyotis corymbosa, Desmodium triflorum, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Centella asiatica, Alysicarpus vaginalis, Kummerowia striata and Trifolium repens in 2015. The investigation showed that grasses were increasing rapidly, broadleaf weeds were decreasing comparing with the weeds 15 years ago in the same golf courses. The paper showed 24 pieces of picture related those population or community. Author also analyzed the possible factors to influence the evolution of weed population. It may due to hand weeding, competition, climate changing, improper maintain and improper herbicide application.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China
AU  - Xue Guang
AU  - Ma Jianxia
AU  - Du Jinrong
AU  - Li Chunyan
Y1  - 2018/01/11
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 196
EP  - 204
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15
AB  - Based on the investigation of weed in warm season turf of 46 Golf courses in southern China during 1998-2000 and 2013-2015 respectively. 159 kinds of weed were determined. Most of weed population or community contained 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria sanguinalis, Paspalum conjugatum, Axonpus compressus, Panicum repens, Poa annua; Cyperus rotundus, Kyllinga brevifolia; Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Oxalis corniculata, Kummerowia striata, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Desmodium triflorum, Mimosa pudica, Centella asiatica, Securinega suffiruticosa, Viola japonica, Hedyotis corymbosa, Euphorbia humifusa, Lobelia chinensis and Alysicarpus vaginalis in 2000. While it changed to new 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria ischaemum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Poa annua, Brachiaria villosa, Axonpus compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Paspalum distichum, Eragrostis pilosa, Panicum repens, Dactyloctenium aegyptium; Kyllinga brevifolia, Cyperus rotundus; Euphorbia humifusa, Hedyotis corymbosa, Desmodium triflorum, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Centella asiatica, Alysicarpus vaginalis, Kummerowia striata and Trifolium repens in 2015. The investigation showed that grasses were increasing rapidly, broadleaf weeds were decreasing comparing with the weeds 15 years ago in the same golf courses. The paper showed 24 pieces of picture related those population or community. Author also analyzed the possible factors to influence the evolution of weed population. It may due to hand weeding, competition, climate changing, improper maintain and improper herbicide application.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Xue Guang

Plant Protection Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
Ma Jianxia

Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
Du Jinrong

East China Weed Technology Institute, Nanjing, China
Li Chunyan

East China Weed Technology Institute, Nanjing, China

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APA Style

Xue Guang, Ma Jianxia, Du Jinrong, Li Chunyan. (2018). The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China. Journal of Plant Sciences, 5(6), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15

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ACS Style

Xue Guang; Ma Jianxia; Du Jinrong; Li Chunyan. The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China. J. Plant Sci. 2018, 5(6), 196-204. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15

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AMA Style

Xue Guang, Ma Jianxia, Du Jinrong, Li Chunyan. The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China. J Plant Sci. 2018;5(6):196-204. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15,
  author = {Xue Guang and Ma Jianxia and Du Jinrong and Li Chunyan},
  title = {The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {196-204},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20170506.15},
  abstract = {Based on the investigation of weed in warm season turf of 46 Golf courses in southern China during 1998-2000 and 2013-2015 respectively. 159 kinds of weed were determined. Most of weed population or community contained 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria sanguinalis, Paspalum conjugatum, Axonpus compressus, Panicum repens, Poa annua; Cyperus rotundus, Kyllinga brevifolia; Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Oxalis corniculata, Kummerowia striata, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Desmodium triflorum, Mimosa pudica, Centella asiatica, Securinega suffiruticosa, Viola japonica, Hedyotis corymbosa, Euphorbia humifusa, Lobelia chinensis and Alysicarpus vaginalis in 2000. While it changed to new 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria ischaemum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Poa annua, Brachiaria villosa, Axonpus compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Paspalum distichum, Eragrostis pilosa, Panicum repens, Dactyloctenium aegyptium; Kyllinga brevifolia, Cyperus rotundus; Euphorbia humifusa, Hedyotis corymbosa, Desmodium triflorum, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Centella asiatica, Alysicarpus vaginalis, Kummerowia striata and Trifolium repens in 2015. The investigation showed that grasses were increasing rapidly, broadleaf weeds were decreasing comparing with the weeds 15 years ago in the same golf courses. The paper showed 24 pieces of picture related those population or community. Author also analyzed the possible factors to influence the evolution of weed population. It may due to hand weeding, competition, climate changing, improper maintain and improper herbicide application.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Evolution of Weed Population in Golf Turf of Southern China
AU  - Xue Guang
AU  - Ma Jianxia
AU  - Du Jinrong
AU  - Li Chunyan
Y1  - 2018/01/11
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 196
EP  - 204
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20170506.15
AB  - Based on the investigation of weed in warm season turf of 46 Golf courses in southern China during 1998-2000 and 2013-2015 respectively. 159 kinds of weed were determined. Most of weed population or community contained 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria sanguinalis, Paspalum conjugatum, Axonpus compressus, Panicum repens, Poa annua; Cyperus rotundus, Kyllinga brevifolia; Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Oxalis corniculata, Kummerowia striata, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Desmodium triflorum, Mimosa pudica, Centella asiatica, Securinega suffiruticosa, Viola japonica, Hedyotis corymbosa, Euphorbia humifusa, Lobelia chinensis and Alysicarpus vaginalis in 2000. While it changed to new 20 kinds of element weed including Digitaria ischaemum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Poa annua, Brachiaria villosa, Axonpus compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Paspalum distichum, Eragrostis pilosa, Panicum repens, Dactyloctenium aegyptium; Kyllinga brevifolia, Cyperus rotundus; Euphorbia humifusa, Hedyotis corymbosa, Desmodium triflorum, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Centella asiatica, Alysicarpus vaginalis, Kummerowia striata and Trifolium repens in 2015. The investigation showed that grasses were increasing rapidly, broadleaf weeds were decreasing comparing with the weeds 15 years ago in the same golf courses. The paper showed 24 pieces of picture related those population or community. Author also analyzed the possible factors to influence the evolution of weed population. It may due to hand weeding, competition, climate changing, improper maintain and improper herbicide application.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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