Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta

Omajene Aghogho; Egbai James Chucks; Okolie Emmanuel Chukwuemeka

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11

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Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta

Omajene Aghogho^*

, Egbai James Chucks

, Okolie Emmanuel Chukwuemeka

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 13, Issue 4)

Received: 3 August 2024 Accepted: 2 September 2024 Published: 31 October 2024

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Abstract

Groundwater is an important source for Nigerian water balance. Therefore assessing its experimental evidence supporting saltwater intrusion is necessary before initiating developmental plans using this resources. In this research, the extent of saltwater intrusion, physiochemical properties of groundwater samples and suitability was experimented in the study areas. Geophysical and geochemical techniques were employed in a research study to investigate saltwater intrusion in freshwater aquifers in coastal areas of Delta State, Nigeria. The resistivity data from fifty Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) in the aquifer layers revealed high water content and saline intrusion, with resistivity ranging from 0.4 to 769.9 Ωm. The hydraulic resistance values ranged from 2.877m-1 to 27.2831m-1, determining the Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI). The findings from the Groundwater Occurrence and Depth (GOD) index classified the study area into low and moderate vulnerability classes, with values ranging from 0.168 to 0.420. Groundwater analysis indicated elevated levels of electrical conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids, exceeding WHO standards. Moreover, high concentrations of chloride, sodium, and potassium confirmed saltwater intrusion.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 13, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11
Page(s)	94-104
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Saltwater Intrusion, Freshwater, Aquifer, Groundwater Analysis and Resistivity

References

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APA Style

Aghogho, O., Chucks, E. J., Chukwuemeka, O. E. (2024). Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 13(4), 94-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11

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ACS Style

Aghogho, O.; Chucks, E. J.; Chukwuemeka, O. E. Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2024, 13(4), 94-104. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11

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AMA Style

Aghogho O, Chucks EJ, Chukwuemeka OE. Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2024;13(4):94-104. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11,
  author = {Omajene Aghogho and Egbai James Chucks and Okolie Emmanuel Chukwuemeka},
  title = {Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta
},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {94-104},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20241304.11},
  abstract = {Groundwater is an important source for Nigerian water balance. Therefore assessing its experimental evidence supporting saltwater intrusion is necessary before initiating developmental plans using this resources. In this research, the extent of saltwater intrusion, physiochemical properties of groundwater samples and suitability was experimented in the study areas. Geophysical and geochemical techniques were employed in a research study to investigate saltwater intrusion in freshwater aquifers in coastal areas of Delta State, Nigeria. The resistivity data from fifty Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) in the aquifer layers revealed high water content and saline intrusion, with resistivity ranging from 0.4 to 769.9 Ωm. The hydraulic resistance values ranged from 2.877m-1 to 27.2831m-1, determining the Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI). The findings from the Groundwater Occurrence and Depth (GOD) index classified the study area into low and moderate vulnerability classes, with values ranging from 0.168 to 0.420. Groundwater analysis indicated elevated levels of electrical conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids, exceeding WHO standards. Moreover, high concentrations of chloride, sodium, and potassium confirmed saltwater intrusion.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta

AU  - Omajene Aghogho
AU  - Egbai James Chucks
AU  - Okolie Emmanuel Chukwuemeka
Y1  - 2024/10/31
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 94
EP  - 104
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11
AB  - Groundwater is an important source for Nigerian water balance. Therefore assessing its experimental evidence supporting saltwater intrusion is necessary before initiating developmental plans using this resources. In this research, the extent of saltwater intrusion, physiochemical properties of groundwater samples and suitability was experimented in the study areas. Geophysical and geochemical techniques were employed in a research study to investigate saltwater intrusion in freshwater aquifers in coastal areas of Delta State, Nigeria. The resistivity data from fifty Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) in the aquifer layers revealed high water content and saline intrusion, with resistivity ranging from 0.4 to 769.9 Ωm. The hydraulic resistance values ranged from 2.877m-1 to 27.2831m-1, determining the Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI). The findings from the Groundwater Occurrence and Depth (GOD) index classified the study area into low and moderate vulnerability classes, with values ranging from 0.168 to 0.420. Groundwater analysis indicated elevated levels of electrical conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids, exceeding WHO standards. Moreover, high concentrations of chloride, sodium, and potassium confirmed saltwater intrusion.

VL  - 13
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Omajene Aghogho

Department of Physics, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5860-1318
Egbai James Chucks

Department of Physics, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7491-9307
Okolie Emmanuel Chukwuemeka

Department of Physics, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

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APA Style

Aghogho, O., Chucks, E. J., Chukwuemeka, O. E. (2024). Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 13(4), 94-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11

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ACS Style

Aghogho, O.; Chucks, E. J.; Chukwuemeka, O. E. Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2024, 13(4), 94-104. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11

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AMA Style

Aghogho O, Chucks EJ, Chukwuemeka OE. Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2024;13(4):94-104. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11,
  author = {Omajene Aghogho and Egbai James Chucks and Okolie Emmanuel Chukwuemeka},
  title = {Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta
},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {94-104},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20241304.11},
  abstract = {Groundwater is an important source for Nigerian water balance. Therefore assessing its experimental evidence supporting saltwater intrusion is necessary before initiating developmental plans using this resources. In this research, the extent of saltwater intrusion, physiochemical properties of groundwater samples and suitability was experimented in the study areas. Geophysical and geochemical techniques were employed in a research study to investigate saltwater intrusion in freshwater aquifers in coastal areas of Delta State, Nigeria. The resistivity data from fifty Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) in the aquifer layers revealed high water content and saline intrusion, with resistivity ranging from 0.4 to 769.9 Ωm. The hydraulic resistance values ranged from 2.877m-1 to 27.2831m-1, determining the Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI). The findings from the Groundwater Occurrence and Depth (GOD) index classified the study area into low and moderate vulnerability classes, with values ranging from 0.168 to 0.420. Groundwater analysis indicated elevated levels of electrical conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids, exceeding WHO standards. Moreover, high concentrations of chloride, sodium, and potassium confirmed saltwater intrusion.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion into Freshwater Aquifers in Some Estuary Environment in Niger Delta

AU  - Omajene Aghogho
AU  - Egbai James Chucks
AU  - Okolie Emmanuel Chukwuemeka
Y1  - 2024/10/31
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 94
EP  - 104
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20241304.11
AB  - Groundwater is an important source for Nigerian water balance. Therefore assessing its experimental evidence supporting saltwater intrusion is necessary before initiating developmental plans using this resources. In this research, the extent of saltwater intrusion, physiochemical properties of groundwater samples and suitability was experimented in the study areas. Geophysical and geochemical techniques were employed in a research study to investigate saltwater intrusion in freshwater aquifers in coastal areas of Delta State, Nigeria. The resistivity data from fifty Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) in the aquifer layers revealed high water content and saline intrusion, with resistivity ranging from 0.4 to 769.9 Ωm. The hydraulic resistance values ranged from 2.877m-1 to 27.2831m-1, determining the Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI). The findings from the Groundwater Occurrence and Depth (GOD) index classified the study area into low and moderate vulnerability classes, with values ranging from 0.168 to 0.420. Groundwater analysis indicated elevated levels of electrical conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids, exceeding WHO standards. Moreover, high concentrations of chloride, sodium, and potassium confirmed saltwater intrusion.

VL  - 13
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download