Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century - A Narrative Review

Wycliffe Tumwesigye; Abebe Aschalew; Wambi Wilber; Doreen Atwongyire; Goretty Mary Nagawa; Daniel Ndizihiwe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11

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Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21^st Century - A Narrative Review

Wycliffe Tumwesigye, Abebe Aschalew, Wambi Wilber, Doreen Atwongyire, Goretty Mary Nagawa, Daniel Ndizihiwe

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 8, Issue 5)

Received: 5 February 2019 Accepted: 8 April 2019 Published: 17 October 2019

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Abstract

Climate change and agriculture are interlinked and affect each other globally. The global population continues to rise while food and nutritional insecurity remain main global challenges facing humanity. Traditional agriculture methods need transformation to climate smart agriculture (CSA) approaches that have potential to improve food production amidst climate change realities. The review aimed at evaluation of published literature on CSA, establishment of CSA linkages with national development plans for Uganda and Ethiopia, African Union Agenda 2063, UN Sustainable Development Goals and CSA contribution to biodiversity conservation across the globe. Additionally, the review aimed at identifying opportunities and challenges of CSA in the 21^st Century and recommend possible options for all stakeholders for improved income, environmental conservation, and food and nutritional security. Literature search from 2000-2019 was carried out using key words and key phrases in relevant journals and authentic websites. It was found out that CSA supports three pillars: 1) Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes, 2) Adapting and building resilience to climate change, 3) Climate change mitigation and contributes to Biodiversity Conservation and management. CSA approach has potential to improves food security and farmers’ income. CSA has a vast number of opportunities that include availability of crop genetic diversity, availability of interested CSA researchers, gene banks for genome resources for CSA crop enhancement; enhanced technology for CSA practices that can be accessed by farmers and vibrant research organizations and donor agencies interested in promoting CSA approaches. CSA challenges were identified to include: limited technical and financial capacity and negative attitude from smallholder farmers. It was concluded that CSA approach is a better option for the present and centuries to come farmers across the globe for the attainment of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-20130, UN Agenda 2063 and national development plants of most African countries including Uganda and Ethiopia. The review recommended that capacity building for farmers and researchers need to be done and governments and donor agencies should provide soft CSA loans to farmers to supporting CSA practices and technologies in all developing countries and the approach should be adopted by all the farmers and be promoted by all stakeholders at all levels in both the present and future centuries.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 8, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11
Page(s)	56-62
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Climate Smart Agriculture, Mitigation, Adaptation, Resilience, Food Security, Biodiversity Conservation

References

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Wycliffe Tumwesigye, Abebe Aschalew, Wambi Wilber, Doreen Atwongyire, Goretty Mary Nagawa, et al. (2019). Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 8(5), 56-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11

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ACS Style

Wycliffe Tumwesigye; Abebe Aschalew; Wambi Wilber; Doreen Atwongyire; Goretty Mary Nagawa, et al. Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2019, 8(5), 56-62. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11

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AMA Style

Wycliffe Tumwesigye, Abebe Aschalew, Wambi Wilber, Doreen Atwongyire, Goretty Mary Nagawa, et al. Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2019;8(5):56-62. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11,
  author = {Wycliffe Tumwesigye and Abebe Aschalew and Wambi Wilber and Doreen Atwongyire and Goretty Mary Nagawa and Daniel Ndizihiwe},
  title = {Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {56-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20190805.11},
  abstract = {Climate change and agriculture are interlinked and affect each other globally. The global population continues to rise while food and nutritional insecurity remain main global challenges facing humanity. Traditional agriculture methods need transformation to climate smart agriculture (CSA) approaches that have potential to improve food production amidst climate change realities. The review aimed at evaluation of published literature on CSA, establishment of CSA linkages with national development plans for Uganda and Ethiopia, African Union Agenda 2063, UN Sustainable Development Goals and CSA contribution to biodiversity conservation across the globe. Additionally, the review aimed at identifying opportunities and challenges of CSA in the 21st Century and recommend possible options for all stakeholders for improved income, environmental conservation, and food and nutritional security. Literature search from 2000-2019 was carried out using key words and key phrases in relevant journals and authentic websites. It was found out that CSA supports three pillars: 1) Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes, 2) Adapting and building resilience to climate change, 3) Climate change mitigation and contributes to Biodiversity Conservation and management. CSA approach has potential to improves food security and farmers’ income. CSA has a vast number of opportunities that include availability of crop genetic diversity, availability of interested CSA researchers, gene banks for genome resources for CSA crop enhancement; enhanced technology for CSA practices that can be accessed by farmers and vibrant research organizations and donor agencies interested in promoting CSA approaches. CSA challenges were identified to include: limited technical and financial capacity and negative attitude from smallholder farmers. It was concluded that CSA approach is a better option for the present and centuries to come farmers across the globe for the attainment of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-20130, UN Agenda 2063 and national development plants of most African countries including Uganda and Ethiopia. The review recommended that capacity building for farmers and researchers need to be done and governments and donor agencies should provide soft CSA loans to farmers to supporting CSA practices and technologies in all developing countries and the approach should be adopted by all the farmers and be promoted by all stakeholders at all levels in both the present and future centuries.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review
AU  - Wycliffe Tumwesigye
AU  - Abebe Aschalew
AU  - Wambi Wilber
AU  - Doreen Atwongyire
AU  - Goretty Mary Nagawa
AU  - Daniel Ndizihiwe
Y1  - 2019/10/17
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 56
EP  - 62
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11
AB  - Climate change and agriculture are interlinked and affect each other globally. The global population continues to rise while food and nutritional insecurity remain main global challenges facing humanity. Traditional agriculture methods need transformation to climate smart agriculture (CSA) approaches that have potential to improve food production amidst climate change realities. The review aimed at evaluation of published literature on CSA, establishment of CSA linkages with national development plans for Uganda and Ethiopia, African Union Agenda 2063, UN Sustainable Development Goals and CSA contribution to biodiversity conservation across the globe. Additionally, the review aimed at identifying opportunities and challenges of CSA in the 21st Century and recommend possible options for all stakeholders for improved income, environmental conservation, and food and nutritional security. Literature search from 2000-2019 was carried out using key words and key phrases in relevant journals and authentic websites. It was found out that CSA supports three pillars: 1) Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes, 2) Adapting and building resilience to climate change, 3) Climate change mitigation and contributes to Biodiversity Conservation and management. CSA approach has potential to improves food security and farmers’ income. CSA has a vast number of opportunities that include availability of crop genetic diversity, availability of interested CSA researchers, gene banks for genome resources for CSA crop enhancement; enhanced technology for CSA practices that can be accessed by farmers and vibrant research organizations and donor agencies interested in promoting CSA approaches. CSA challenges were identified to include: limited technical and financial capacity and negative attitude from smallholder farmers. It was concluded that CSA approach is a better option for the present and centuries to come farmers across the globe for the attainment of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-20130, UN Agenda 2063 and national development plants of most African countries including Uganda and Ethiopia. The review recommended that capacity building for farmers and researchers need to be done and governments and donor agencies should provide soft CSA loans to farmers to supporting CSA practices and technologies in all developing countries and the approach should be adopted by all the farmers and be promoted by all stakeholders at all levels in both the present and future centuries.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Wycliffe Tumwesigye

Department of Economics and Environmental Management, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda
Abebe Aschalew

African Centre of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Wambi Wilber

African Centre of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Doreen Atwongyire

Department of Economics and Environmental Management, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda
Goretty Mary Nagawa

Department of Economics and Environmental Management, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda
Daniel Ndizihiwe

Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda

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APA Style

Wycliffe Tumwesigye, Abebe Aschalew, Wambi Wilber, Doreen Atwongyire, Goretty Mary Nagawa, et al. (2019). Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 8(5), 56-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11

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ACS Style

Wycliffe Tumwesigye; Abebe Aschalew; Wambi Wilber; Doreen Atwongyire; Goretty Mary Nagawa, et al. Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2019, 8(5), 56-62. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11

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AMA Style

Wycliffe Tumwesigye, Abebe Aschalew, Wambi Wilber, Doreen Atwongyire, Goretty Mary Nagawa, et al. Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2019;8(5):56-62. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11,
  author = {Wycliffe Tumwesigye and Abebe Aschalew and Wambi Wilber and Doreen Atwongyire and Goretty Mary Nagawa and Daniel Ndizihiwe},
  title = {Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {56-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20190805.11},
  abstract = {Climate change and agriculture are interlinked and affect each other globally. The global population continues to rise while food and nutritional insecurity remain main global challenges facing humanity. Traditional agriculture methods need transformation to climate smart agriculture (CSA) approaches that have potential to improve food production amidst climate change realities. The review aimed at evaluation of published literature on CSA, establishment of CSA linkages with national development plans for Uganda and Ethiopia, African Union Agenda 2063, UN Sustainable Development Goals and CSA contribution to biodiversity conservation across the globe. Additionally, the review aimed at identifying opportunities and challenges of CSA in the 21st Century and recommend possible options for all stakeholders for improved income, environmental conservation, and food and nutritional security. Literature search from 2000-2019 was carried out using key words and key phrases in relevant journals and authentic websites. It was found out that CSA supports three pillars: 1) Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes, 2) Adapting and building resilience to climate change, 3) Climate change mitigation and contributes to Biodiversity Conservation and management. CSA approach has potential to improves food security and farmers’ income. CSA has a vast number of opportunities that include availability of crop genetic diversity, availability of interested CSA researchers, gene banks for genome resources for CSA crop enhancement; enhanced technology for CSA practices that can be accessed by farmers and vibrant research organizations and donor agencies interested in promoting CSA approaches. CSA challenges were identified to include: limited technical and financial capacity and negative attitude from smallholder farmers. It was concluded that CSA approach is a better option for the present and centuries to come farmers across the globe for the attainment of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-20130, UN Agenda 2063 and national development plants of most African countries including Uganda and Ethiopia. The review recommended that capacity building for farmers and researchers need to be done and governments and donor agencies should provide soft CSA loans to farmers to supporting CSA practices and technologies in all developing countries and the approach should be adopted by all the farmers and be promoted by all stakeholders at all levels in both the present and future centuries.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Climate Smart Agriculture for Improving Crop Production and Biodiversity Conservation: Opportunities and Challenges in the 21st Century - A Narrative Review
AU  - Wycliffe Tumwesigye
AU  - Abebe Aschalew
AU  - Wambi Wilber
AU  - Doreen Atwongyire
AU  - Goretty Mary Nagawa
AU  - Daniel Ndizihiwe
Y1  - 2019/10/17
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 56
EP  - 62
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.11
AB  - Climate change and agriculture are interlinked and affect each other globally. The global population continues to rise while food and nutritional insecurity remain main global challenges facing humanity. Traditional agriculture methods need transformation to climate smart agriculture (CSA) approaches that have potential to improve food production amidst climate change realities. The review aimed at evaluation of published literature on CSA, establishment of CSA linkages with national development plans for Uganda and Ethiopia, African Union Agenda 2063, UN Sustainable Development Goals and CSA contribution to biodiversity conservation across the globe. Additionally, the review aimed at identifying opportunities and challenges of CSA in the 21st Century and recommend possible options for all stakeholders for improved income, environmental conservation, and food and nutritional security. Literature search from 2000-2019 was carried out using key words and key phrases in relevant journals and authentic websites. It was found out that CSA supports three pillars: 1) Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes, 2) Adapting and building resilience to climate change, 3) Climate change mitigation and contributes to Biodiversity Conservation and management. CSA approach has potential to improves food security and farmers’ income. CSA has a vast number of opportunities that include availability of crop genetic diversity, availability of interested CSA researchers, gene banks for genome resources for CSA crop enhancement; enhanced technology for CSA practices that can be accessed by farmers and vibrant research organizations and donor agencies interested in promoting CSA approaches. CSA challenges were identified to include: limited technical and financial capacity and negative attitude from smallholder farmers. It was concluded that CSA approach is a better option for the present and centuries to come farmers across the globe for the attainment of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-20130, UN Agenda 2063 and national development plants of most African countries including Uganda and Ethiopia. The review recommended that capacity building for farmers and researchers need to be done and governments and donor agencies should provide soft CSA loans to farmers to supporting CSA practices and technologies in all developing countries and the approach should be adopted by all the farmers and be promoted by all stakeholders at all levels in both the present and future centuries.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download