Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia

Bekele Gutema Waye; Abenet Menene Gurara; Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11

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Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia

Bekele Gutema Waye, Abenet Menene Gurara, Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke

Published in World Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 26 August 2020 Accepted: 10 September 2020 Published: 30 October 2020

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Abstract

Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women. The highest prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the developing world is due to its multi-factorial causes. Anemia leads to complication that will affect both the mother and the growing fetus. Objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factor among pregnant women that attends antenatal care at Arba Minch public health institutions, 2019. Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on 374 pregnant women attending ANC at Arba Minch public health institutions. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit pregnant women. Semi-structured questionnaire used for assessment of socio-demographic and socioeconomic factor. Venous blood was collected from pregnant women and Hemoglobin was estimated using CBC machine analyzer. Blood film for Hemoparasite as well as morphological types of anemia was assessed. Stool sample was taken for examination of intestinal parasites by using wet mount direct microscopy and formol ether concentration. Binary logistic regressions were done to determine association of variables by using SPSS version 21. Results of the study shows that, the prevalence of anemia was found to be 28.8% among pregnant women. Mild, moderate and severe anemia was 75.7%, 23.3% and 1% among anemic women respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions shows, monthly income [AOR=3.37, 95%: 9.35-10.09, P< 0.000], fruit consumption [AOR=6.9, 95%: 1.36-4.9, P<0.000], blood loss [AOR=3.66, 95%CI: 1.56-8.7, P<0.000] and being infected with malaria [AOR=6.10, 95%CI: 2.25-16.43, P<0.000] were independently associated with anemia. Morphologically, 75.5% of anemic pregnant women had Normocytic Normochromic, 23.3% had Microcytic hypochromic, and only 1% had Macrocytic normochromic. It is concluded that, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was moderate public health significances which is independently associated with low monthly income, habit of fruit consumption, blood loss and being infected with malaria parasites. It is recommended that creating awareness of the pregnant women on feeding iron rich foods like fruit, liver, poultry, cereals and green vegetables and giving health education on how to prevent malaria.

Published in	World Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11
Page(s)	76-83
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anemia, Pregnant Women, ANC, Arba-Minch

References

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[19]	Ministry of Health, Planning and Programming Department. Health and Health Related Indicators. FMoH Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2000.
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[21]	Health Organization. The Prevalence of Anaemia in Women: A Tabulation of Available Information Geneva: WHO; 1992.
[22]	Viveki RG, Halaappanavar AB, viveki, PR, Halki SB, Maledvs Deshpande PS. prevalence of anemia and it’s epidemiological determinants in pregnant women. AL Ameen J Med sci 2012; 216-223.
[23]	Singh P. Anemia during pregnancy in the women of western Nepal. Bali Medical Journal. 2013 Feb 1; 2 (1).
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[27]	Gebremedhin S, Enquselassie F, Umeta M. Prevalence and correlates of maternal anemia in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia. African journal of reproductive health. 2014 Apr 11; 18 (1): 44-53.
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APA Style

Bekele Gutema Waye, Abenet Menene Gurara, Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke. (2020). Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia. World Journal of Public Health, 5(4), 76-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11

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ACS Style

Bekele Gutema Waye; Abenet Menene Gurara; Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke. Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia. World J. Public Health 2020, 5(4), 76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11

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AMA Style

Bekele Gutema Waye, Abenet Menene Gurara, Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke. Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia. World J Public Health. 2020;5(4):76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11,
  author = {Bekele Gutema Waye and Abenet Menene Gurara and Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke},
  title = {Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {76-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20200504.11},
  abstract = {Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women. The highest prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the developing world is due to its multi-factorial causes. Anemia leads to complication that will affect both the mother and the growing fetus. Objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factor among pregnant women that attends antenatal care at Arba Minch public health institutions, 2019. Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on 374 pregnant women attending ANC at Arba Minch public health institutions. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit pregnant women. Semi-structured questionnaire used for assessment of socio-demographic and socioeconomic factor. Venous blood was collected from pregnant women and Hemoglobin was estimated using CBC machine analyzer. Blood film for Hemoparasite as well as morphological types of anemia was assessed. Stool sample was taken for examination of intestinal parasites by using wet mount direct microscopy and formol ether concentration. Binary logistic regressions were done to determine association of variables by using SPSS version 21. Results of the study shows that, the prevalence of anemia was found to be 28.8% among pregnant women. Mild, moderate and severe anemia was 75.7%, 23.3% and 1% among anemic women respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions shows, monthly income [AOR=3.37, 95%: 9.35-10.09, P< 0.000], fruit consumption [AOR=6.9, 95%: 1.36-4.9, P<0.000], blood loss [AOR=3.66, 95%CI: 1.56-8.7, P<0.000] and being infected with malaria [AOR=6.10, 95%CI: 2.25-16.43, P<0.000] were independently associated with anemia. Morphologically, 75.5% of anemic pregnant women had Normocytic Normochromic, 23.3% had Microcytic hypochromic, and only 1% had Macrocytic normochromic. It is concluded that, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was moderate public health significances which is independently associated with low monthly income, habit of fruit consumption, blood loss and being infected with malaria parasites. It is recommended that creating awareness of the pregnant women on feeding iron rich foods like fruit, liver, poultry, cereals and green vegetables and giving health education on how to prevent malaria.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia
AU  - Bekele Gutema Waye
AU  - Abenet Menene Gurara
AU  - Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke
Y1  - 2020/10/30
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11
T2  - World Journal of Public Health
JF  - World Journal of Public Health
JO  - World Journal of Public Health
SP  - 76
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11
AB  - Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women. The highest prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the developing world is due to its multi-factorial causes. Anemia leads to complication that will affect both the mother and the growing fetus. Objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factor among pregnant women that attends antenatal care at Arba Minch public health institutions, 2019. Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on 374 pregnant women attending ANC at Arba Minch public health institutions. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit pregnant women. Semi-structured questionnaire used for assessment of socio-demographic and socioeconomic factor. Venous blood was collected from pregnant women and Hemoglobin was estimated using CBC machine analyzer. Blood film for Hemoparasite as well as morphological types of anemia was assessed. Stool sample was taken for examination of intestinal parasites by using wet mount direct microscopy and formol ether concentration. Binary logistic regressions were done to determine association of variables by using SPSS version 21. Results of the study shows that, the prevalence of anemia was found to be 28.8% among pregnant women. Mild, moderate and severe anemia was 75.7%, 23.3% and 1% among anemic women respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions shows, monthly income [AOR=3.37, 95%: 9.35-10.09, P< 0.000], fruit consumption [AOR=6.9, 95%: 1.36-4.9, P<0.000], blood loss [AOR=3.66, 95%CI: 1.56-8.7, P<0.000] and being infected with malaria [AOR=6.10, 95%CI: 2.25-16.43, P<0.000] were independently associated with anemia. Morphologically, 75.5% of anemic pregnant women had Normocytic Normochromic, 23.3% had Microcytic hypochromic, and only 1% had Macrocytic normochromic. It is concluded that, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was moderate public health significances which is independently associated with low monthly income, habit of fruit consumption, blood loss and being infected with malaria parasites. It is recommended that creating awareness of the pregnant women on feeding iron rich foods like fruit, liver, poultry, cereals and green vegetables and giving health education on how to prevent malaria.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Bekele Gutema Waye

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Collage of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
Abenet Menene Gurara

Department of Nursing, Collage of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ethiopian Public Health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Bekele Gutema Waye, Abenet Menene Gurara, Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke. (2020). Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia. World Journal of Public Health, 5(4), 76-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11

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ACS Style

Bekele Gutema Waye; Abenet Menene Gurara; Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke. Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia. World J. Public Health 2020, 5(4), 76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11

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AMA Style

Bekele Gutema Waye, Abenet Menene Gurara, Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke. Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia. World J Public Health. 2020;5(4):76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11,
  author = {Bekele Gutema Waye and Abenet Menene Gurara and Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke},
  title = {Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {76-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20200504.11},
  abstract = {Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women. The highest prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the developing world is due to its multi-factorial causes. Anemia leads to complication that will affect both the mother and the growing fetus. Objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factor among pregnant women that attends antenatal care at Arba Minch public health institutions, 2019. Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on 374 pregnant women attending ANC at Arba Minch public health institutions. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit pregnant women. Semi-structured questionnaire used for assessment of socio-demographic and socioeconomic factor. Venous blood was collected from pregnant women and Hemoglobin was estimated using CBC machine analyzer. Blood film for Hemoparasite as well as morphological types of anemia was assessed. Stool sample was taken for examination of intestinal parasites by using wet mount direct microscopy and formol ether concentration. Binary logistic regressions were done to determine association of variables by using SPSS version 21. Results of the study shows that, the prevalence of anemia was found to be 28.8% among pregnant women. Mild, moderate and severe anemia was 75.7%, 23.3% and 1% among anemic women respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions shows, monthly income [AOR=3.37, 95%: 9.35-10.09, P< 0.000], fruit consumption [AOR=6.9, 95%: 1.36-4.9, P<0.000], blood loss [AOR=3.66, 95%CI: 1.56-8.7, P<0.000] and being infected with malaria [AOR=6.10, 95%CI: 2.25-16.43, P<0.000] were independently associated with anemia. Morphologically, 75.5% of anemic pregnant women had Normocytic Normochromic, 23.3% had Microcytic hypochromic, and only 1% had Macrocytic normochromic. It is concluded that, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was moderate public health significances which is independently associated with low monthly income, habit of fruit consumption, blood loss and being infected with malaria parasites. It is recommended that creating awareness of the pregnant women on feeding iron rich foods like fruit, liver, poultry, cereals and green vegetables and giving health education on how to prevent malaria.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factor Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care in Arba Minch Public Health Institutions, South Ethiopia
AU  - Bekele Gutema Waye
AU  - Abenet Menene Gurara
AU  - Kaleab Sebsibe Awoke
Y1  - 2020/10/30
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11
T2  - World Journal of Public Health
JF  - World Journal of Public Health
JO  - World Journal of Public Health
SP  - 76
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20200504.11
AB  - Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women. The highest prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the developing world is due to its multi-factorial causes. Anemia leads to complication that will affect both the mother and the growing fetus. Objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factor among pregnant women that attends antenatal care at Arba Minch public health institutions, 2019. Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on 374 pregnant women attending ANC at Arba Minch public health institutions. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit pregnant women. Semi-structured questionnaire used for assessment of socio-demographic and socioeconomic factor. Venous blood was collected from pregnant women and Hemoglobin was estimated using CBC machine analyzer. Blood film for Hemoparasite as well as morphological types of anemia was assessed. Stool sample was taken for examination of intestinal parasites by using wet mount direct microscopy and formol ether concentration. Binary logistic regressions were done to determine association of variables by using SPSS version 21. Results of the study shows that, the prevalence of anemia was found to be 28.8% among pregnant women. Mild, moderate and severe anemia was 75.7%, 23.3% and 1% among anemic women respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions shows, monthly income [AOR=3.37, 95%: 9.35-10.09, P< 0.000], fruit consumption [AOR=6.9, 95%: 1.36-4.9, P<0.000], blood loss [AOR=3.66, 95%CI: 1.56-8.7, P<0.000] and being infected with malaria [AOR=6.10, 95%CI: 2.25-16.43, P<0.000] were independently associated with anemia. Morphologically, 75.5% of anemic pregnant women had Normocytic Normochromic, 23.3% had Microcytic hypochromic, and only 1% had Macrocytic normochromic. It is concluded that, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was moderate public health significances which is independently associated with low monthly income, habit of fruit consumption, blood loss and being infected with malaria parasites. It is recommended that creating awareness of the pregnant women on feeding iron rich foods like fruit, liver, poultry, cereals and green vegetables and giving health education on how to prevent malaria.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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