Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye; Oluwayiose Oladele Amos

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17

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Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye, Oluwayiose Oladele Amos

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 18 April 2017 Accepted: 8 May 2017 Published: 3 July 2017

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Abstract

Inadequate pipe borne water supply has led to rapid proliferation of sachet water companies in Nigeria. Recently, another dimension added to public health concerns on water quality is the storage and handling of sachet water by distributors and vendors. This study assessed the effect of storage and exposure to sunlight on the quality of sachet water in Ibadan, Nigeria. An experimental design was adopted. Two hundred sachets of water from ten brands were collected upon production from various factories. Water samples were divided into two groups: storage indoor (room temperature) and storage with exposure to sunlight for four weeks. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out on the sachet water samples at baseline and after three days and weeks one to four of storage. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS (20.0). The bacteria isolated were E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P.vulgaris. Total bacterial counts decreased in the order: 0 to 1.5x10⁴cfu/100 mL (day 3) > 0 to 9.5x 10² cfu/100 mL (day 7) upon exposure to sunlight, however, there was continuous increase of bacteria count from day seven. Bacteria counts of water stored indoor increased throughout the study period. E. coli was present in all water samples by day 21. There was a significant difference in nitrite concentration between the two storage conditions across study period. This study revealed that storage duration and exposure conditions affect the quality of sachet water for drinking. Quality improvement of sachet water through exposure to sunlight was most effective on third day of exposure, while the maximum time of effectiveness was one week, beyond which the quality deteriorates fast irrespective of the storage condition. Hence, prolonged water storage beyond one week before drinking is discouraged.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17
Page(s)	321-328
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Quality, Sachet Water, Storage, Nitrite, E. coli

References

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APA Style

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye, Oluwayiose Oladele Amos. (2017). Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis. Science Journal of Public Health, 5(4), 321-328. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17

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ACS Style

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye; Oluwayiose Oladele Amos. Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis. Sci. J. Public Health 2017, 5(4), 321-328. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17

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AMA Style

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye, Oluwayiose Oladele Amos. Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis. Sci J Public Health. 2017;5(4):321-328. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17,
  author = {Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye and Oluwayiose Oladele Amos},
  title = {Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {321-328},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20170504.17},
  abstract = {Inadequate pipe borne water supply has led to rapid proliferation of sachet water companies in Nigeria. Recently, another dimension added to public health concerns on water quality is the storage and handling of sachet water by distributors and vendors. This study assessed the effect of storage and exposure to sunlight on the quality of sachet water in Ibadan, Nigeria. An experimental design was adopted. Two hundred sachets of water from ten brands were collected upon production from various factories. Water samples were divided into two groups: storage indoor (room temperature) and storage with exposure to sunlight for four weeks. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out on the sachet water samples at baseline and after three days and weeks one to four of storage. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS (20.0). The bacteria isolated were E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P.vulgaris. Total bacterial counts decreased in the order: 0 to 1.5x104cfu/100 mL (day 3) > 0 to 9.5x 102 cfu/100 mL (day 7) upon exposure to sunlight, however, there was continuous increase of bacteria count from day seven. Bacteria counts of water stored indoor increased throughout the study period. E. coli was present in all water samples by day 21. There was a significant difference in nitrite concentration between the two storage conditions across study period. This study revealed that storage duration and exposure conditions affect the quality of sachet water for drinking. Quality improvement of sachet water through exposure to sunlight was most effective on third day of exposure, while the maximum time of effectiveness was one week, beyond which the quality deteriorates fast irrespective of the storage condition. Hence, prolonged water storage beyond one week before drinking is discouraged.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis
AU - Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye
AU - Oluwayiose Oladele Amos
Y1 - 2017/07/03
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17
DO - 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17
T2 - Science Journal of Public Health
JF - Science Journal of Public Health
JO - Science Journal of Public Health
SP - 321
EP - 328
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7950
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17
AB - Inadequate pipe borne water supply has led to rapid proliferation of sachet water companies in Nigeria. Recently, another dimension added to public health concerns on water quality is the storage and handling of sachet water by distributors and vendors. This study assessed the effect of storage and exposure to sunlight on the quality of sachet water in Ibadan, Nigeria. An experimental design was adopted. Two hundred sachets of water from ten brands were collected upon production from various factories. Water samples were divided into two groups: storage indoor (room temperature) and storage with exposure to sunlight for four weeks. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out on the sachet water samples at baseline and after three days and weeks one to four of storage. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS (20.0). The bacteria isolated were E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P.vulgaris. Total bacterial counts decreased in the order: 0 to 1.5x104cfu/100 mL (day 3) > 0 to 9.5x 102 cfu/100 mL (day 7) upon exposure to sunlight, however, there was continuous increase of bacteria count from day seven. Bacteria counts of water stored indoor increased throughout the study period. E. coli was present in all water samples by day 21. There was a significant difference in nitrite concentration between the two storage conditions across study period. This study revealed that storage duration and exposure conditions affect the quality of sachet water for drinking. Quality improvement of sachet water through exposure to sunlight was most effective on third day of exposure, while the maximum time of effectiveness was one week, beyond which the quality deteriorates fast irrespective of the storage condition. Hence, prolonged water storage beyond one week before drinking is discouraged.
VL - 5
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye

Environmental Health Department, Abia State College of Health and Management Technology, Aba, Nigeria
Oluwayiose Oladele Amos

Environmental Health Sciences Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye, Oluwayiose Oladele Amos. (2017). Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis. Science Journal of Public Health, 5(4), 321-328. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17

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ACS Style

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye; Oluwayiose Oladele Amos. Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis. Sci. J. Public Health 2017, 5(4), 321-328. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17

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AMA Style

Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye, Oluwayiose Oladele Amos. Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis. Sci J Public Health. 2017;5(4):321-328. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17,
  author = {Ikpeazu Joy Chinenye and Oluwayiose Oladele Amos},
  title = {Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {321-328},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20170504.17},
  abstract = {Inadequate pipe borne water supply has led to rapid proliferation of sachet water companies in Nigeria. Recently, another dimension added to public health concerns on water quality is the storage and handling of sachet water by distributors and vendors. This study assessed the effect of storage and exposure to sunlight on the quality of sachet water in Ibadan, Nigeria. An experimental design was adopted. Two hundred sachets of water from ten brands were collected upon production from various factories. Water samples were divided into two groups: storage indoor (room temperature) and storage with exposure to sunlight for four weeks. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out on the sachet water samples at baseline and after three days and weeks one to four of storage. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS (20.0). The bacteria isolated were E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P.vulgaris. Total bacterial counts decreased in the order: 0 to 1.5x104cfu/100 mL (day 3) > 0 to 9.5x 102 cfu/100 mL (day 7) upon exposure to sunlight, however, there was continuous increase of bacteria count from day seven. Bacteria counts of water stored indoor increased throughout the study period. E. coli was present in all water samples by day 21. There was a significant difference in nitrite concentration between the two storage conditions across study period. This study revealed that storage duration and exposure conditions affect the quality of sachet water for drinking. Quality improvement of sachet water through exposure to sunlight was most effective on third day of exposure, while the maximum time of effectiveness was one week, beyond which the quality deteriorates fast irrespective of the storage condition. Hence, prolonged water storage beyond one week before drinking is discouraged.},
 year = {2017}
}

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