Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia

Abebe Berhanu; Dejene Hailu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37

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Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia

Abebe Berhanu, Dejene Hailu

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 26 August 2015 Accepted: 12 September 2015 Published: 13 October 2015

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Abstract

Background: Water quality and the risk to waterborne diseases are critical public health concerns in many developing countries. Today, close to a billion people most living in the developing world do not have access to safe and adequate water supply. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources and water handling practices at household level among rural communities in Bona District of Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water at source and to assess water handling practice of households. Data were collected using WHO’s sanitary survey checklist and rapid water testing kit to assess bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of water source and questionnaire to assess water handling practice of randomly selected 604 households. Results: Majority (86 %) of the protected springs and wells in the study area did not fulfill the WHO’s criteria for drinking water quality standards. Water schemes with high sanitary risk scores had high number of E. coli/100 ml of sample water. Majority (73.5%) of the respondents didn’t treat their water at household level, 64.4% of the respondents washed their hands before collecting water, 77.5% of the respondents washed their water container regularly and 74.7% had covered for their water collection container. Respondents who can read and write and those who completed at least a secondary education were more likely to safely handle water at home compared to illiterates, AOR=3.0 (95%CI: 1.5,6.04) and AOR=8.5 (95% CI:1.1,65.7), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that protected water sources used by the community in Bona District were subject to contamination and household water handling practices were poor. It is recommended that concerned bodies, such as NGO’s working in WASH projects, Bona district Water and Health Offices need to take appropriate action.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37
Page(s)	782-789
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coliform Bacteria, Water Quality, Sanitary Survey

References

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APA Style

Abebe Berhanu, Dejene Hailu. (2015). Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(5), 782-789. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37

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ACS Style

Abebe Berhanu; Dejene Hailu. Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(5), 782-789. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37

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AMA Style

Abebe Berhanu, Dejene Hailu. Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(5):782-789. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37,
  author = {Abebe Berhanu and Dejene Hailu},
  title = {Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {782-789},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20150305.37},
  abstract = {Background: Water quality and the risk to waterborne diseases are critical public health concerns in many developing countries. Today, close to a billion people most living in the developing world do not have access to safe and adequate water supply. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources and water handling practices at household level among rural communities in Bona District of Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water at source and to assess water handling practice of households. Data were collected using WHO’s sanitary survey checklist and rapid water testing kit to assess bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of water source and questionnaire to assess water handling practice of randomly selected 604 households. Results: Majority (86 %) of the protected springs and wells in the study area did not fulfill the WHO’s criteria for drinking water quality standards. Water schemes with high sanitary risk scores had high number of E. coli/100 ml of sample water. Majority (73.5%) of the respondents didn’t treat their water at household level, 64.4% of the respondents washed their hands before collecting water, 77.5% of the respondents washed their water container regularly and 74.7% had covered for their water collection container. Respondents who can read and write and those who completed at least a secondary education were more likely to safely handle water at home compared to illiterates, AOR=3.0 (95%CI: 1.5,6.04) and AOR=8.5 (95% CI:1.1,65.7), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that protected water sources used by the community in Bona District were subject to contamination and household water handling practices were poor. It is recommended that concerned bodies, such as NGO’s working in WASH projects, Bona district Water and Health Offices need to take appropriate action.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia
AU  - Abebe Berhanu
AU  - Dejene Hailu
Y1  - 2015/10/13
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 782
EP  - 789
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37
AB  - Background: Water quality and the risk to waterborne diseases are critical public health concerns in many developing countries. Today, close to a billion people most living in the developing world do not have access to safe and adequate water supply. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources and water handling practices at household level among rural communities in Bona District of Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water at source and to assess water handling practice of households. Data were collected using WHO’s sanitary survey checklist and rapid water testing kit to assess bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of water source and questionnaire to assess water handling practice of randomly selected 604 households. Results: Majority (86 %) of the protected springs and wells in the study area did not fulfill the WHO’s criteria for drinking water quality standards. Water schemes with high sanitary risk scores had high number of E. coli/100 ml of sample water. Majority (73.5%) of the respondents didn’t treat their water at household level, 64.4% of the respondents washed their hands before collecting water, 77.5% of the respondents washed their water container regularly and 74.7% had covered for their water collection container. Respondents who can read and write and those who completed at least a secondary education were more likely to safely handle water at home compared to illiterates, AOR=3.0 (95%CI: 1.5,6.04) and AOR=8.5 (95% CI:1.1,65.7), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that protected water sources used by the community in Bona District were subject to contamination and household water handling practices were poor. It is recommended that concerned bodies, such as NGO’s working in WASH projects, Bona district Water and Health Offices need to take appropriate action.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Abebe Berhanu

Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
Dejene Hailu

Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science,Hawasa University, Hawasa, Ethiopia

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Abebe Berhanu, Dejene Hailu. (2015). Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(5), 782-789. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37

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ACS Style

Abebe Berhanu; Dejene Hailu. Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(5), 782-789. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37

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AMA Style

Abebe Berhanu, Dejene Hailu. Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(5):782-789. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37,
  author = {Abebe Berhanu and Dejene Hailu},
  title = {Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {782-789},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20150305.37},
  abstract = {Background: Water quality and the risk to waterborne diseases are critical public health concerns in many developing countries. Today, close to a billion people most living in the developing world do not have access to safe and adequate water supply. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources and water handling practices at household level among rural communities in Bona District of Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water at source and to assess water handling practice of households. Data were collected using WHO’s sanitary survey checklist and rapid water testing kit to assess bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of water source and questionnaire to assess water handling practice of randomly selected 604 households. Results: Majority (86 %) of the protected springs and wells in the study area did not fulfill the WHO’s criteria for drinking water quality standards. Water schemes with high sanitary risk scores had high number of E. coli/100 ml of sample water. Majority (73.5%) of the respondents didn’t treat their water at household level, 64.4% of the respondents washed their hands before collecting water, 77.5% of the respondents washed their water container regularly and 74.7% had covered for their water collection container. Respondents who can read and write and those who completed at least a secondary education were more likely to safely handle water at home compared to illiterates, AOR=3.0 (95%CI: 1.5,6.04) and AOR=8.5 (95% CI:1.1,65.7), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that protected water sources used by the community in Bona District were subject to contamination and household water handling practices were poor. It is recommended that concerned bodies, such as NGO’s working in WASH projects, Bona district Water and Health Offices need to take appropriate action.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources and Household Water Handling Practice Among Rural Communities of Bona District, Sidama Zone-Zouthern, Ethiopia
AU  - Abebe Berhanu
AU  - Dejene Hailu
Y1  - 2015/10/13
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 782
EP  - 789
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150305.37
AB  - Background: Water quality and the risk to waterborne diseases are critical public health concerns in many developing countries. Today, close to a billion people most living in the developing world do not have access to safe and adequate water supply. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources and water handling practices at household level among rural communities in Bona District of Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water at source and to assess water handling practice of households. Data were collected using WHO’s sanitary survey checklist and rapid water testing kit to assess bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of water source and questionnaire to assess water handling practice of randomly selected 604 households. Results: Majority (86 %) of the protected springs and wells in the study area did not fulfill the WHO’s criteria for drinking water quality standards. Water schemes with high sanitary risk scores had high number of E. coli/100 ml of sample water. Majority (73.5%) of the respondents didn’t treat their water at household level, 64.4% of the respondents washed their hands before collecting water, 77.5% of the respondents washed their water container regularly and 74.7% had covered for their water collection container. Respondents who can read and write and those who completed at least a secondary education were more likely to safely handle water at home compared to illiterates, AOR=3.0 (95%CI: 1.5,6.04) and AOR=8.5 (95% CI:1.1,65.7), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that protected water sources used by the community in Bona District were subject to contamination and household water handling practices were poor. It is recommended that concerned bodies, such as NGO’s working in WASH projects, Bona district Water and Health Offices need to take appropriate action.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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