Effect of Biochar of Grass, <i>Chat</i> and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia

Abrham Bert; Tekilil Wolde

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15

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Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia

Abrham Bert, Tekilil Wolde

Published in Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 19 September 2019 Accepted: 28 October 2019 Published: 9 November 2019

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Abstract

Biochar is a relatively recent term used to denote charcoal used as an agricultural input into soils. The idea comes from the use of charcoal in the Amazon on deep, highly leached, and infertile soils by Amazonian peoples in pre-Columbian times. Biochar differs most significantly from charcoal in its primary use; rather than fuel, it is primarily used for the amendment of soils (enhancing their fertility) and sequestration of carbon. One of the distinguishing properties of biochar that allows it to be a long-term carbon sink is its high stability in the environment relative to other types of organic carbon substances. Currently, however, very little or no biochar is utilized in Ethiopia particularly at Benishangulgumze Region for agriculture, in part because of its agronomic value in terms of crop response and soil health benefits have yet to be quantified, and because of the mechanisms by which it improves soil fertility are poorly understood. Therefore, the research is focused on converting the biomass of grasses and chat in to biochar in the process of pyrolysis for yield improvement, soil amendment and environmental pollution reduction. Findings of this research shows environmental pollution that regenerating from chat waste around the town, CO₂ gas emission from grass when it is burning become reduced, soil physiochemical properties make improvements by using these waste as biochar instead of throwing everywhere and farmer’s cost of buying inorganic fertilizer by using biochar of grass and chat waste as organic fertilizer have significant reduction. Biochar of grass and inorganic fertilizer was required to realize significant increases in fresh marketable bulb yield of onion on the experimental soil. Environmental pollution can reduced through making biochar from the polutants. Chat and grass biochar should used for briquette energy source to save the environment from pollution beside use as fertilizer. Modern technologies are required during preparation of biochar because during making biochar there are gas emit to the atmosphere but can used as ethanol or syngagass for substitute fuels determination of methane formed through decomposing waste of grass and chat is required.

Published in	Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15
Page(s)	90-97
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biochar, Inorganic Fertilizer, Yield, Vegetable

References

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[2]	Ami Z., 2011. Biochar a sustainable waste management solution and effective soil amendment for cacao growers in Central America. Carbon Gold / 07950 721021.
[3]	Atkinson, C. J., Fitzgerald, J. D., and Hipps, N. A., 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: A review. Plant Soil 337:1-18.
[4]	Bhishma, P. S., Shiva, S. P., Ajay, P., Eak, B. R., Sanjeeb, B., Tibendra, R. B., Shambhu, C., and Rijan, T., 2010. Forest Carbon Stock Measurement: Guidelines for measuring carbon stocks in community-managed forests. Funded by Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD). Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources (ANSAB) publishing, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 17-43.
[5]	Bryan, H. 2011. Biochar - An Organic House for Soil Microbes, Sisaket Province, Thailand.
[6]	Deenik, JL., McClellan, T., Uehara, G., Antal, MJ., Campbell, S., 2010. Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations. Soil Sci Soc Am J 74: 1259–1270.
[7]	Dumroese, R. K., Heiskanen, J., Englund, K., and Tervahauta, A., 2011. Pelleted biochar: Chemical and physical properties show potential use as a substrate in container nurseries. Biomass Bioenerg. 35:2018-2027.
[8]	EIAR, 2004. Effect of cattle manure on soil erosion by water. soli sci.133:228-231 Ethiopia Central Statistical Authority. Ethiopian Population Census. Addis Ababa. E. C; 1994.
[9]	Gaskin, JW., Speir, RA., Harris, K., Das, KC., Lee, RD., Morris, LA., Fisher, DS., 2010. Effect of peanut hull and pine chip biochar on soil nutrients, corn nutrient status, and yield. Agron J 102:623–633.
[10]	Genxing P., David C., Lehmann J., 2011. Burn to air or burial in soil: The fate of China’s straw residues Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095-China; University of California Riverside, CA 92521, USA; §Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
[11]	Laird, D. A., P. D. Fleming, D. D., Davis., R., Horton. B., Wang., and D. L. Karlen., 2010a. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158:443-449.
[12]	Laird, D. A., P. D. Fleming., D. L. Karlen., B. Wang., and R. Horton., 2010b. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158:436-442.
[13]	Logan Cochrane and Yeshtila W. Bekele, 2017: Average crop yield (2001–2017) in Ethiopia: Trends at national, regional and zonal levels.
[14]	Pearson, T. R., Walker, S., and Brown, S., 2005. Sourcebook for land-use, land-use change and forestry projects. Winrock International and the Bio-carbon fund of the World Bank. Arlington, USA, pp. 19-35.
[15]	Sun H, Lu H, Chu L, Shao H, Shi W 2017: Biochar applied with appropriate rates can reduce N leaching, keep N retention and not increase NH3 volatilization in a coastal saline soil. Sci. Total Environ., 575, 820–825.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.137
[16]	Verheijen F, Jeffery S, Bastos AC, Van Der Velde M, Diafas I 2010: Biochar Application to Soils. A Critical Scientific Review of Effects on Soil Properties, Processes, and Functions.
[17]	Zhang J, Liu J, Liu R 2015: Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating time on biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of straw and lignosulfonate. Bioresour. Technol., 176, 288–291. 10.1016/j. biortech.2014.11.011

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APA Style

Abrham Bert, Tekilil Wolde. (2019). Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 7(4), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15

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ACS Style

Abrham Bert; Tekilil Wolde. Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2019, 7(4), 90-97. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15

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AMA Style

Abrham Bert, Tekilil Wolde. Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia. Sci J Energy Eng. 2019;7(4):90-97. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15

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@article{10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15,
  author = {Abrham Bert and Tekilil Wolde},
  title = {Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {90-97},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20190704.15},
  abstract = {Biochar is a relatively recent term used to denote charcoal used as an agricultural input into soils. The idea comes from the use of charcoal in the Amazon on deep, highly leached, and infertile soils by Amazonian peoples in pre-Columbian times. Biochar differs most significantly from charcoal in its primary use; rather than fuel, it is primarily used for the amendment of soils (enhancing their fertility) and sequestration of carbon. One of the distinguishing properties of biochar that allows it to be a long-term carbon sink is its high stability in the environment relative to other types of organic carbon substances. Currently, however, very little or no biochar is utilized in Ethiopia particularly at Benishangulgumze Region for agriculture, in part because of its agronomic value in terms of crop response and soil health benefits have yet to be quantified, and because of the mechanisms by which it improves soil fertility are poorly understood. Therefore, the research is focused on converting the biomass of grasses and chat in to biochar in the process of pyrolysis for yield improvement, soil amendment and environmental pollution reduction. Findings of this research shows environmental pollution that regenerating from chat waste around the town, CO2 gas emission from grass when it is burning become reduced, soil physiochemical properties make improvements by using these waste as biochar instead of throwing everywhere and farmer’s cost of buying inorganic fertilizer by using biochar of grass and chat waste as organic fertilizer have significant reduction. Biochar of grass and inorganic fertilizer was required to realize significant increases in fresh marketable bulb yield of onion on the experimental soil. Environmental pollution can reduced through making biochar from the polutants. Chat and grass biochar should used for briquette energy source to save the environment from pollution beside use as fertilizer. Modern technologies are required during preparation of biochar because during making biochar there are gas emit to the atmosphere but can used as ethanol or syngagass for substitute fuels determination of methane formed through decomposing waste of grass and chat is required.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia
AU  - Abrham Bert
AU  - Tekilil Wolde
Y1  - 2019/11/09
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 90
EP  - 97
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15
AB  - Biochar is a relatively recent term used to denote charcoal used as an agricultural input into soils. The idea comes from the use of charcoal in the Amazon on deep, highly leached, and infertile soils by Amazonian peoples in pre-Columbian times. Biochar differs most significantly from charcoal in its primary use; rather than fuel, it is primarily used for the amendment of soils (enhancing their fertility) and sequestration of carbon. One of the distinguishing properties of biochar that allows it to be a long-term carbon sink is its high stability in the environment relative to other types of organic carbon substances. Currently, however, very little or no biochar is utilized in Ethiopia particularly at Benishangulgumze Region for agriculture, in part because of its agronomic value in terms of crop response and soil health benefits have yet to be quantified, and because of the mechanisms by which it improves soil fertility are poorly understood. Therefore, the research is focused on converting the biomass of grasses and chat in to biochar in the process of pyrolysis for yield improvement, soil amendment and environmental pollution reduction. Findings of this research shows environmental pollution that regenerating from chat waste around the town, CO2 gas emission from grass when it is burning become reduced, soil physiochemical properties make improvements by using these waste as biochar instead of throwing everywhere and farmer’s cost of buying inorganic fertilizer by using biochar of grass and chat waste as organic fertilizer have significant reduction. Biochar of grass and inorganic fertilizer was required to realize significant increases in fresh marketable bulb yield of onion on the experimental soil. Environmental pollution can reduced through making biochar from the polutants. Chat and grass biochar should used for briquette energy source to save the environment from pollution beside use as fertilizer. Modern technologies are required during preparation of biochar because during making biochar there are gas emit to the atmosphere but can used as ethanol or syngagass for substitute fuels determination of methane formed through decomposing waste of grass and chat is required.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Abrham Bert

Department of Natural Resource Management, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
Tekilil Wolde

Department of Natural Resource Management, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia

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Abrham Bert, Tekilil Wolde. (2019). Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 7(4), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15

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ACS Style

Abrham Bert; Tekilil Wolde. Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2019, 7(4), 90-97. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15

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AMA Style

Abrham Bert, Tekilil Wolde. Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia. Sci J Energy Eng. 2019;7(4):90-97. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15

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@article{10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15,
  author = {Abrham Bert and Tekilil Wolde},
  title = {Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {90-97},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20190704.15},
  abstract = {Biochar is a relatively recent term used to denote charcoal used as an agricultural input into soils. The idea comes from the use of charcoal in the Amazon on deep, highly leached, and infertile soils by Amazonian peoples in pre-Columbian times. Biochar differs most significantly from charcoal in its primary use; rather than fuel, it is primarily used for the amendment of soils (enhancing their fertility) and sequestration of carbon. One of the distinguishing properties of biochar that allows it to be a long-term carbon sink is its high stability in the environment relative to other types of organic carbon substances. Currently, however, very little or no biochar is utilized in Ethiopia particularly at Benishangulgumze Region for agriculture, in part because of its agronomic value in terms of crop response and soil health benefits have yet to be quantified, and because of the mechanisms by which it improves soil fertility are poorly understood. Therefore, the research is focused on converting the biomass of grasses and chat in to biochar in the process of pyrolysis for yield improvement, soil amendment and environmental pollution reduction. Findings of this research shows environmental pollution that regenerating from chat waste around the town, CO2 gas emission from grass when it is burning become reduced, soil physiochemical properties make improvements by using these waste as biochar instead of throwing everywhere and farmer’s cost of buying inorganic fertilizer by using biochar of grass and chat waste as organic fertilizer have significant reduction. Biochar of grass and inorganic fertilizer was required to realize significant increases in fresh marketable bulb yield of onion on the experimental soil. Environmental pollution can reduced through making biochar from the polutants. Chat and grass biochar should used for briquette energy source to save the environment from pollution beside use as fertilizer. Modern technologies are required during preparation of biochar because during making biochar there are gas emit to the atmosphere but can used as ethanol or syngagass for substitute fuels determination of methane formed through decomposing waste of grass and chat is required.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Biochar of Grass, Chat and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Garden Vegetable at Benishangulgumze Region, Ethiopia
AU  - Abrham Bert
AU  - Tekilil Wolde
Y1  - 2019/11/09
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 90
EP  - 97
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.15
AB  - Biochar is a relatively recent term used to denote charcoal used as an agricultural input into soils. The idea comes from the use of charcoal in the Amazon on deep, highly leached, and infertile soils by Amazonian peoples in pre-Columbian times. Biochar differs most significantly from charcoal in its primary use; rather than fuel, it is primarily used for the amendment of soils (enhancing their fertility) and sequestration of carbon. One of the distinguishing properties of biochar that allows it to be a long-term carbon sink is its high stability in the environment relative to other types of organic carbon substances. Currently, however, very little or no biochar is utilized in Ethiopia particularly at Benishangulgumze Region for agriculture, in part because of its agronomic value in terms of crop response and soil health benefits have yet to be quantified, and because of the mechanisms by which it improves soil fertility are poorly understood. Therefore, the research is focused on converting the biomass of grasses and chat in to biochar in the process of pyrolysis for yield improvement, soil amendment and environmental pollution reduction. Findings of this research shows environmental pollution that regenerating from chat waste around the town, CO2 gas emission from grass when it is burning become reduced, soil physiochemical properties make improvements by using these waste as biochar instead of throwing everywhere and farmer’s cost of buying inorganic fertilizer by using biochar of grass and chat waste as organic fertilizer have significant reduction. Biochar of grass and inorganic fertilizer was required to realize significant increases in fresh marketable bulb yield of onion on the experimental soil. Environmental pollution can reduced through making biochar from the polutants. Chat and grass biochar should used for briquette energy source to save the environment from pollution beside use as fertilizer. Modern technologies are required during preparation of biochar because during making biochar there are gas emit to the atmosphere but can used as ethanol or syngagass for substitute fuels determination of methane formed through decomposing waste of grass and chat is required.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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