Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (<i>Helmintosporium miyakei</i>) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13

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Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete

Published in Plant (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 12 May 2023 Accepted: 8 June 2023 Published: 27 June 2023

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Abstract

Tef head smudge disease caused by Helmintosporium miyakei is among the widely distributed tef disease in Ethiopia. Currently, an evaluation of different fungicides for the control of tef head smudge and yield loss quantification is very crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective fungicide(s) for the control of head smudge disease and quantify yield loss caused by this pathogen in the country. The experiment was conducted at the Negelle Arsi on farmers’ field from the 2020 to 2021 short rainy seasons. The application of different fungicides created significantly different levels of severity of head smudge disease on tef varieties Boset and Tesfa. The two varieties are susceptible to head smudge and enabled the assessment of the effects of head smudge disease on tef grain yield, severity of the disease, and yield loss during the short rainy seasons. The analysis of variance revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides for tef yield but the highest grain yield was obtained through the application of Rex Duo (2431.2 kg ha^-1). The fungicide efficacy of 77.1 and 60.9% were obtained through the application of Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides, respectively. The result revealed that the maximum yield loss of 55.8 and 50% was prevented through the application of the fungicides Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC, respectively. It is recommended that based on the availability in the market and cost of fungicide Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC the farmers can apply either Rex Duo or Nativo 300 SC in controlling head smudge disease of tef.

Published in	Plant (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13
Page(s)	60-67
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tef, Fungicides, Yield Loss, Head Smudge

References

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[2]	Ashenafi Gemechu Degete. Distribution of Head Smudge (Helminthosporium Miyakei) of Tef Disease During Short Rainy and Main Cropping Seasons in Some Parts of Oromia and Southern Nation Nationality and People Regions of Ethiopia. 2021, 3 (3) OAJBS. ID. 000289. DOI: 10.38125/OAJBS.000289.
[3]	Ayele, B., Eshetu, B., Bekele, Bekele H, B., Degefu, M., Asnaketch Tekalign, A., Ayalew, M. Ayalew, A., Meles, K. and Abebe, F. 2008. Review of two decades of research on diseases of small cereals crops. In: Abraham Tadesse (ed.) Increasing Crop Production through Improved Plant Protection Vol. 1. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the Plant Protection Society of Ethiopia (PPSE), 19-22 December 2006, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp. 375-429.
[4]	Bekele Hundie. 2003. Short report on stripe rust and stem rust. In Bedada Girma (ed.). Pp. 67-68. BADE. 2003. Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise. Proceedings of the Agronomy Workshop. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[5]	Basandrai, A. K., Mehta, A., Rathee, V. K., Basandrai, D., and Sharma, B. K., 2020. Efficacy of fungicides in managing yellow rust of wheat. Journal of Cereal Research, 12 (2), pp. 103-108.
[6]	CSA (Central Statistical Agency) (2021). Agricultural Sample Survey for 2013/14 EC: Report on Area and Production of Major Crops for Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season. Statistical Bulletin No 532, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[7]	Fufa, H., Bogale, T, Tefera, H., Assefa, K. and Kefyalew, T.. 2001. Agronomy Research in Tef,. In: Tefera, H., Belay, G. abd Sorrells, M. (eds.), Narrowing the Rift: Tef Research and Development, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Tef Geneticsand Improvement, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp: 167-176.
[8]	Foster, A. J., Lollato, R., Vandeveer, M. and De Wolf, E. D., 2017. Value of fungicide application in wheat production in Southwest Kansas. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 3 (5), p. 3.
[9]	Mamdouh A. A, Walid, M. El-Orabey, M. N. 2013. Effect of stem rust infection on grain yield and yield components of some wheat cultivars in Egypt Shahin ESci Journal of Plant Pathology. 02 (03): 171-178.
[10]	Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). 2004. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, North Carolina. First printing, January 2004. SAS Publishing provides. 513pp.
[11]	Tadesse, K., Amare, A. and Ayalew, B. 2010. Effect of fungicide on the development of wheat stem rust and yield of wheat varieties in highlands of Ethiopia. African Crop Science Journal. 18 (1): 23-33.
[12]	Tamene Mideksa, Zerihun Eshetu. Verification of Comet Plus 475 G/L EC Fungicide Against Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) Disease on Bread Wheat in Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia. Advances in Applied Physiology. Vol. 6, No. 2, 2021, pp. 30-32. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20210602.11.
[13]	Sharma, RC; Kumarse, N; Amir, A; Zafar, Z; Anwar, UJ. 2016. Reduction of winter wheat yield losses caused by stripe rust through fungicide management. J Phytopathol. 164: 671–677.
[14]	Waleligne, W. 2004. Maize tef relay intercropping as affected by maize planting pattern and leaf removal in southern Ethiopia. African Crop Science Journal 12 (4): 358-367.
[15]	Wegulo, S. N., Breathnach, J. A. and Baenziger, P. S. 2009. Effect of growth stage on the relationship between tan spot and spot blotch severity and yield in winter wheat. Crop Protection, Vol. 28, No. 8, (May 2009), pp. 696-702, ISSN 0261-2194.
[16]	Woubit D., & Yeshi A., (2010). The study of fungicides application and sowing date, resistance, and maturity of Eragrostis tef for the management of teff rust [Uromyces eragrostidis] Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology Volume 27, Pages 521-527 \| Accepted 02 Aug 2005, Published online: 01 Apr 2010.
[17]	Yeshi Andnew. 1988. A review of chemical disease control research on wheat in Ethiopia. In: The 5th Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean. Antsirbe, Madagascar, October 5-10, 1987. Ginkel, M. V. and Tanner, D. G. (eds.). Mexico, D. F.: CIMMYT. pp. 251-255.

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APA Style

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete. (2023). Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Plant, 11(2), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13

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ACS Style

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete. Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Plant. 2023, 11(2), 60-67. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13

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AMA Style

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete. Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Plant. 2023;11(2):60-67. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13,
  author = {Ashenafi Gemechu Degete},
  title = {Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {60-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20231102.13},
  abstract = {Tef head smudge disease caused by Helmintosporium miyakei is among the widely distributed tef disease in Ethiopia. Currently, an evaluation of different fungicides for the control of tef head smudge and yield loss quantification is very crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective fungicide(s) for the control of head smudge disease and quantify yield loss caused by this pathogen in the country. The experiment was conducted at the Negelle Arsi on farmers’ field from the 2020 to 2021 short rainy seasons. The application of different fungicides created significantly different levels of severity of head smudge disease on tef varieties Boset and Tesfa. The two varieties are susceptible to head smudge and enabled the assessment of the effects of head smudge disease on tef grain yield, severity of the disease, and yield loss during the short rainy seasons. The analysis of variance revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides for tef yield but the highest grain yield was obtained through the application of Rex Duo (2431.2 kg ha-1). The fungicide efficacy of 77.1 and 60.9% were obtained through the application of Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides, respectively. The result revealed that the maximum yield loss of 55.8 and 50% was prevented through the application of the fungicides Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC, respectively. It is recommended that based on the availability in the market and cost of fungicide Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC the farmers can apply either Rex Duo or Nativo 300 SC in controlling head smudge disease of tef.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
AU  - Ashenafi Gemechu Degete
Y1  - 2023/06/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 60
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13
AB  - Tef head smudge disease caused by Helmintosporium miyakei is among the widely distributed tef disease in Ethiopia. Currently, an evaluation of different fungicides for the control of tef head smudge and yield loss quantification is very crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective fungicide(s) for the control of head smudge disease and quantify yield loss caused by this pathogen in the country. The experiment was conducted at the Negelle Arsi on farmers’ field from the 2020 to 2021 short rainy seasons. The application of different fungicides created significantly different levels of severity of head smudge disease on tef varieties Boset and Tesfa. The two varieties are susceptible to head smudge and enabled the assessment of the effects of head smudge disease on tef grain yield, severity of the disease, and yield loss during the short rainy seasons. The analysis of variance revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides for tef yield but the highest grain yield was obtained through the application of Rex Duo (2431.2 kg ha-1). The fungicide efficacy of 77.1 and 60.9% were obtained through the application of Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides, respectively. The result revealed that the maximum yield loss of 55.8 and 50% was prevented through the application of the fungicides Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC, respectively. It is recommended that based on the availability in the market and cost of fungicide Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC the farmers can apply either Rex Duo or Nativo 300 SC in controlling head smudge disease of tef.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete. (2023). Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Plant, 11(2), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13

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ACS Style

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete. Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Plant. 2023, 11(2), 60-67. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13

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AMA Style

Ashenafi Gemechu Degete. Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Plant. 2023;11(2):60-67. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13,
  author = {Ashenafi Gemechu Degete},
  title = {Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {60-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20231102.13},
  abstract = {Tef head smudge disease caused by Helmintosporium miyakei is among the widely distributed tef disease in Ethiopia. Currently, an evaluation of different fungicides for the control of tef head smudge and yield loss quantification is very crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective fungicide(s) for the control of head smudge disease and quantify yield loss caused by this pathogen in the country. The experiment was conducted at the Negelle Arsi on farmers’ field from the 2020 to 2021 short rainy seasons. The application of different fungicides created significantly different levels of severity of head smudge disease on tef varieties Boset and Tesfa. The two varieties are susceptible to head smudge and enabled the assessment of the effects of head smudge disease on tef grain yield, severity of the disease, and yield loss during the short rainy seasons. The analysis of variance revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides for tef yield but the highest grain yield was obtained through the application of Rex Duo (2431.2 kg ha-1). The fungicide efficacy of 77.1 and 60.9% were obtained through the application of Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides, respectively. The result revealed that the maximum yield loss of 55.8 and 50% was prevented through the application of the fungicides Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC, respectively. It is recommended that based on the availability in the market and cost of fungicide Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC the farmers can apply either Rex Duo or Nativo 300 SC in controlling head smudge disease of tef.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Yield Loss Assessment and Fungicides Valuation for the Control of Head Smudge (Helmintosporium miyakei) Disease of Tef in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
AU  - Ashenafi Gemechu Degete
Y1  - 2023/06/27
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 60
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20231102.13
AB  - Tef head smudge disease caused by Helmintosporium miyakei is among the widely distributed tef disease in Ethiopia. Currently, an evaluation of different fungicides for the control of tef head smudge and yield loss quantification is very crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective fungicide(s) for the control of head smudge disease and quantify yield loss caused by this pathogen in the country. The experiment was conducted at the Negelle Arsi on farmers’ field from the 2020 to 2021 short rainy seasons. The application of different fungicides created significantly different levels of severity of head smudge disease on tef varieties Boset and Tesfa. The two varieties are susceptible to head smudge and enabled the assessment of the effects of head smudge disease on tef grain yield, severity of the disease, and yield loss during the short rainy seasons. The analysis of variance revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides for tef yield but the highest grain yield was obtained through the application of Rex Duo (2431.2 kg ha-1). The fungicide efficacy of 77.1 and 60.9% were obtained through the application of Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC fungicides, respectively. The result revealed that the maximum yield loss of 55.8 and 50% was prevented through the application of the fungicides Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC, respectively. It is recommended that based on the availability in the market and cost of fungicide Rex Duo and Nativo 300 SC the farmers can apply either Rex Duo or Nativo 300 SC in controlling head smudge disease of tef.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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