The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population

Miki Nomura; Joseph Richard Ferrari

doi:doi:10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11

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The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population

Miki Nomura, Joseph Richard Ferrari

Published in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 25 August 2021 Accepted: 14 September 2021 Published: 26 September 2021

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the Japanese version of General Procrastination Scale (J-GPS) previously created by Hayashi (2007), with a large, varied sample of Japanese adults. The paper-and-pencil surveys were distributed to Japanese people who lived in the large-, medium-, and small-sized cities who lived in Japan. Participants were recruited by the first author during a two-month period. The final sample was 2,564 Japanese citizens: 1,048 (40.9%) men and 1,516 (59.1%) women with a mean age of 44.3 years old (SD = 1.91). Participants reported demographic information including age, gender, marital status, married years, number of children, educational status, occupational types, worked years, living areas, whether considering themselves as procrastinator, and whether others considering them as procrastinator. Results showed that a two-factor solution was the best fit, duplicating studies with Turkish, Italian, and Greek populations, but in contrast to a uni-dimensional structure suggested originally by Lay (1986) or adapted in Spanish sample. Moreover, we investigated rates of self-reported procrastination in relation to a collective culture, which has mixed individualistic tendencies. Participants with strong individualistic tendencies were not significantly different on J-GPS scores, compared to those with little tendencies on individualistic characteristics. Our results added significant evidence to previous studies of General Procrastination. Future research in non-English speaking countries, especially in Asian countries, using a general procrastination measure might be helpful for further comparison to ascertain cultural differences in task delay perception.

Published in	Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11
Page(s)	160-164
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

General Procrastination Scale, Japanese, Delay, Procrastination Domains, Individualism and Collectivism

References

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Miki Nomura, Joseph Richard Ferrari. (2021). The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 10(5), 160-164. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11

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Miki Nomura; Joseph Richard Ferrari. The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2021, 10(5), 160-164. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11

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AMA Style

Miki Nomura, Joseph Richard Ferrari. The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population. Psychol Behav Sci. 2021;10(5):160-164. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11

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@article{10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11,
  author = {Miki Nomura and Joseph Richard Ferrari},
  title = {The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population},
  journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {160-164},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20211005.11},
  abstract = {The purpose of this study was to assess the Japanese version of General Procrastination Scale (J-GPS) previously created by Hayashi (2007), with a large, varied sample of Japanese adults. The paper-and-pencil surveys were distributed to Japanese people who lived in the large-, medium-, and small-sized cities who lived in Japan. Participants were recruited by the first author during a two-month period. The final sample was 2,564 Japanese citizens: 1,048 (40.9%) men and 1,516 (59.1%) women with a mean age of 44.3 years old (SD = 1.91). Participants reported demographic information including age, gender, marital status, married years, number of children, educational status, occupational types, worked years, living areas, whether considering themselves as procrastinator, and whether others considering them as procrastinator. Results showed that a two-factor solution was the best fit, duplicating studies with Turkish, Italian, and Greek populations, but in contrast to a uni-dimensional structure suggested originally by Lay (1986) or adapted in Spanish sample. Moreover, we investigated rates of self-reported procrastination in relation to a collective culture, which has mixed individualistic tendencies. Participants with strong individualistic tendencies were not significantly different on J-GPS scores, compared to those with little tendencies on individualistic characteristics. Our results added significant evidence to previous studies of General Procrastination. Future research in non-English speaking countries, especially in Asian countries, using a general procrastination measure might be helpful for further comparison to ascertain cultural differences in task delay perception.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population
AU  - Miki Nomura
AU  - Joseph Richard Ferrari
Y1  - 2021/09/26
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11
T2  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
JF  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
JO  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
SP  - 160
EP  - 164
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7845
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the Japanese version of General Procrastination Scale (J-GPS) previously created by Hayashi (2007), with a large, varied sample of Japanese adults. The paper-and-pencil surveys were distributed to Japanese people who lived in the large-, medium-, and small-sized cities who lived in Japan. Participants were recruited by the first author during a two-month period. The final sample was 2,564 Japanese citizens: 1,048 (40.9%) men and 1,516 (59.1%) women with a mean age of 44.3 years old (SD = 1.91). Participants reported demographic information including age, gender, marital status, married years, number of children, educational status, occupational types, worked years, living areas, whether considering themselves as procrastinator, and whether others considering them as procrastinator. Results showed that a two-factor solution was the best fit, duplicating studies with Turkish, Italian, and Greek populations, but in contrast to a uni-dimensional structure suggested originally by Lay (1986) or adapted in Spanish sample. Moreover, we investigated rates of self-reported procrastination in relation to a collective culture, which has mixed individualistic tendencies. Participants with strong individualistic tendencies were not significantly different on J-GPS scores, compared to those with little tendencies on individualistic characteristics. Our results added significant evidence to previous studies of General Procrastination. Future research in non-English speaking countries, especially in Asian countries, using a general procrastination measure might be helpful for further comparison to ascertain cultural differences in task delay perception.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Miki Nomura

Japanese Telecounseling Association, Tokyo, Japan
Joseph Richard Ferrari

Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, USA

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Miki Nomura, Joseph Richard Ferrari. (2021). The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 10(5), 160-164. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11

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Miki Nomura; Joseph Richard Ferrari. The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2021, 10(5), 160-164. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11

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AMA Style

Miki Nomura, Joseph Richard Ferrari. The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population. Psychol Behav Sci. 2021;10(5):160-164. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11,
  author = {Miki Nomura and Joseph Richard Ferrari},
  title = {The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population},
  journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {160-164},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20211005.11},
  abstract = {The purpose of this study was to assess the Japanese version of General Procrastination Scale (J-GPS) previously created by Hayashi (2007), with a large, varied sample of Japanese adults. The paper-and-pencil surveys were distributed to Japanese people who lived in the large-, medium-, and small-sized cities who lived in Japan. Participants were recruited by the first author during a two-month period. The final sample was 2,564 Japanese citizens: 1,048 (40.9%) men and 1,516 (59.1%) women with a mean age of 44.3 years old (SD = 1.91). Participants reported demographic information including age, gender, marital status, married years, number of children, educational status, occupational types, worked years, living areas, whether considering themselves as procrastinator, and whether others considering them as procrastinator. Results showed that a two-factor solution was the best fit, duplicating studies with Turkish, Italian, and Greek populations, but in contrast to a uni-dimensional structure suggested originally by Lay (1986) or adapted in Spanish sample. Moreover, we investigated rates of self-reported procrastination in relation to a collective culture, which has mixed individualistic tendencies. Participants with strong individualistic tendencies were not significantly different on J-GPS scores, compared to those with little tendencies on individualistic characteristics. Our results added significant evidence to previous studies of General Procrastination. Future research in non-English speaking countries, especially in Asian countries, using a general procrastination measure might be helpful for further comparison to ascertain cultural differences in task delay perception.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population
AU  - Miki Nomura
AU  - Joseph Richard Ferrari
Y1  - 2021/09/26
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11
T2  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
JF  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
JO  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
SP  - 160
EP  - 164
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7845
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.11
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the Japanese version of General Procrastination Scale (J-GPS) previously created by Hayashi (2007), with a large, varied sample of Japanese adults. The paper-and-pencil surveys were distributed to Japanese people who lived in the large-, medium-, and small-sized cities who lived in Japan. Participants were recruited by the first author during a two-month period. The final sample was 2,564 Japanese citizens: 1,048 (40.9%) men and 1,516 (59.1%) women with a mean age of 44.3 years old (SD = 1.91). Participants reported demographic information including age, gender, marital status, married years, number of children, educational status, occupational types, worked years, living areas, whether considering themselves as procrastinator, and whether others considering them as procrastinator. Results showed that a two-factor solution was the best fit, duplicating studies with Turkish, Italian, and Greek populations, but in contrast to a uni-dimensional structure suggested originally by Lay (1986) or adapted in Spanish sample. Moreover, we investigated rates of self-reported procrastination in relation to a collective culture, which has mixed individualistic tendencies. Participants with strong individualistic tendencies were not significantly different on J-GPS scores, compared to those with little tendencies on individualistic characteristics. Our results added significant evidence to previous studies of General Procrastination. Future research in non-English speaking countries, especially in Asian countries, using a general procrastination measure might be helpful for further comparison to ascertain cultural differences in task delay perception.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download