In this paper, a higher-order numerical method is presented for solving the singularly perturbed delay differential equations. Such kind of equations have a delay parameter on reaction term and exhibits twin boundary layers or oscillatory behavior. Recently, different numerical methods have been developed to solve the singularly perturbed delay reaction-diffusion problems. However, the obtained accuracy and its rate of convergence are satisfactory. Thus, to solve the considered problem with more satisfactory accuracy and a higher rate of convergence, the higher-order numerical method is presented. First, the given singularly perturbed delay differential equation is transformed to asymptotically equivalent singularly perturbed two-point boundary value convection-diffusion differential equation by using Taylor series approximations. Then, the constructed singularly perturbed boundary value differential equation is replaced by three-term recurrence relation finite difference approximations. The Richardson extrapolation technique is applied to accelerate the fourth-order convergent of the developed method to the sixth-order convergent. The consistency and stability of the formulated method have been investigated very well to guarantee the convergence of the method. The rate of convergence for both the theoretical and numerical have been proven and are observed to be in accord with each other. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method, different model examples have been considered and simulation of numerical results have been presented by using MATLAB software. Numerical experimentation has been done and the results are presented for different values of the parameters. Further, The obtained numerical results described that the finding of the present method is more accurate than the findings of some methods discussed in the literature.
Published in | Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal (Volume 10, Issue 3) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11 |
Page(s) | 68-76 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Singularly Perturbed Problems, Delay Reaction-Diffusion Type, Accurate Solution, Higher-Order Method
[1] | FA. Rihan, “Delay differential equations in biosciences: Parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis”, Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational Methods, 2013. |
[2] | R. B. Stein, “Some models of neuronal variability, From the University Laboratory of Physiology”, Oxford, England. Biophysical journal., 7 (1): 37, 1967. |
[3] | G. A., Bocharov, and F. A. Rihan, “Numerical modeling in biosciences using delay differential equations”, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 125 (1): 183-199, 2000. |
[4] | MK. Vaid, G. Arora, “Solution of second-order singular perturbed delay differential equation using Trigonometric B-Spline”, International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, Vol. 4 (2), 349–360, 2019. |
[5] | G. Gadisa, G. File and T. Aga, “Fourth-order numerical method for singularly perturbed delay differential equations”, International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 15 (1): 17-32, 2018. |
[6] | J. Mohapatra and S. Natesan, “The parameter-robust numerical method based on a defect-correction technique for singularly perturbed delay differential equations with layer behavior”, International Journal of Computational Methods, 7 (4), 573–594, 2010. |
[7] | P. Rai and KK. Sharma, “Fitted mesh numerical method for singularly perturbed delay differential turning point problems exhibiting boundary layers”, International Journal of Computer Mathematics, Vol. 89 (7), 944–961, 2012. |
[8] | Y. N. Reddy, G. Soujanya, and K. Phaneendra, “Numerical integration method for singularly perturbed delay differential equations”, International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Vol. 10, 3: 249-261, 2012. |
[9] | D. Kumar and M. K. Kadalbajoo, “Numerical treatment of singularly perturbed delay differential equations using B-Spline collocation method on Shishkin mesh”, Journal of Numerical Analysis, Industrial and Applied Mathematics, vol. 7, no. 3-4, 73-90, 2012. |
[10] | A. Andargie and Y. N. Reddy, “Solving singularly perturbed differential-difference equations via fitted method”, Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM), Vol. 8, (1). 318 – 332, 2013. |
[11] | G. File and Y. N. Reddy, “Terminal boundary-value technique for solving singularly perturbed delay differential equations”, Journal of Taibah University for Science, Vol. 8, 289–300, 2014. |
[12] | L. S. Challa and Y. N. Reddy, “Numerical integration of singularly perturbed delay differential equations using exponential integrating factor”, Math. Commun., Vol. 22, 251–264, 2017. |
[13] | G. Gadisa and G. File, “Fitted Fourth Order Scheme for Singularly Perturbed Delay Order Scheme for Singularly Perturbed”, Ethiop. J. Educ. & Sci. Vol. 14 (2), 102-118, 2019. |
[14] | D. K. Swamy, K. Phaneendra, A. B. Babu, Y. N. Reddy, “Computational method for singularly perturbed delay differential equations with twin layers or oscillatory behavior”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, Vol. 6, 391–398, 2015. |
[15] | G. B. Soujanya and Y. N. Reddy, “Computational method for singularly perturbed delay differential equations with a layer or oscillatory behavior”, Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences, 10, (2), 527-536, 2016. |
[16] | G. File, G. Gadisa, T. Aga, Y. N. Reddy, “Numerical solution of singularly perturbed delay reaction-diffusion equations with a layer or oscillatory behavior”, American Journal of Numerical Analysis, Vol. 5 (1), 1-10, 2017. |
[17] | C. L. Sirisha and Y. N. Reddy, “Solution of singularly perturbed delay differential equations with dual-layer behavior using numerical integration”, Transactions on Mathematics, e-ISSN: 2224-2880. 2017. |
[18] | HG. Debela, SB. Kejela, and AD. Negassa, Exponentially Fitted Numerical Method for Singularly Perturbed Differential-Difference Equations, Hindawi, International Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2020, Article ID 5768323, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5768323. |
[19] | L. Zhilin, Q. Zhonghua, T. Tang, “Numerical solution of differential equations, Introduction to finite difference and finite element methods”, printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, 2018. |
[20] | MK. Kadalbajoo, YN. Reddy, “A non-asymptotic method for general singular perturbation problems”, Journal of Optimization and Applications, 55, 256- 269, 1986. |
[21] | G. D. Smith, “Numerical solution of partial differential equations, Finite difference methods”, Third Edition, Oxford University Press, 1985. |
[22] | G. G. Kiltu,, G. F. Duressa, & T. A. Bullo, Computational method for singularly perturbed delay differential equations of the reaction-diffusion type with the negative shift. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, 2021. |
[23] | T. A. Bullo, G. F. Duressa, & G. A. Degla, Robust finite difference method for singularly perturbed two-parameter parabolic convection-diffusion problems. International Journal of Computational Methods, 18 (2), 2050034, 2021. |
[24] | M. K. Siraj, G. F. Duressa, & T. A. Bullo, Fourth-order stable central difference with Richardson extrapolation method for second-order self-adjoint singularly perturbed boundary value problems. Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society, 27 (1), 1-14, 2019. |
[25] | G. R. Kusi, T. A. Bullo, & G. F. Duressa, Quartic Non-polynomial Spline Method for Singularly Perturbed Differential-difference Equation with Two Parameters. Journal of Engineering Advancements, 71-77, 2021. |
[26] | T. A. Bullo, G. F. Duressa, & G. Degla, Accelerated fitted operator finite difference method for singularly perturbed parabolic reaction-diffusion problems. Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 9 (3), 886-898, 2021. |
APA Style
Gemechis File Duressa, Tesfaye Aga Bullo. (2021). Higher-Order Numerical Method for Singularly Perturbed Delay Reaction-Diffusion Problems. Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal, 10(3), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11
ACS Style
Gemechis File Duressa; Tesfaye Aga Bullo. Higher-Order Numerical Method for Singularly Perturbed Delay Reaction-Diffusion Problems. Pure Appl. Math. J. 2021, 10(3), 68-76. doi: 10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11
AMA Style
Gemechis File Duressa, Tesfaye Aga Bullo. Higher-Order Numerical Method for Singularly Perturbed Delay Reaction-Diffusion Problems. Pure Appl Math J. 2021;10(3):68-76. doi: 10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11
@article{10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11, author = {Gemechis File Duressa and Tesfaye Aga Bullo}, title = {Higher-Order Numerical Method for Singularly Perturbed Delay Reaction-Diffusion Problems}, journal = {Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {68-76}, doi = {10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pamj.20211003.11}, abstract = {In this paper, a higher-order numerical method is presented for solving the singularly perturbed delay differential equations. Such kind of equations have a delay parameter on reaction term and exhibits twin boundary layers or oscillatory behavior. Recently, different numerical methods have been developed to solve the singularly perturbed delay reaction-diffusion problems. However, the obtained accuracy and its rate of convergence are satisfactory. Thus, to solve the considered problem with more satisfactory accuracy and a higher rate of convergence, the higher-order numerical method is presented. First, the given singularly perturbed delay differential equation is transformed to asymptotically equivalent singularly perturbed two-point boundary value convection-diffusion differential equation by using Taylor series approximations. Then, the constructed singularly perturbed boundary value differential equation is replaced by three-term recurrence relation finite difference approximations. The Richardson extrapolation technique is applied to accelerate the fourth-order convergent of the developed method to the sixth-order convergent. The consistency and stability of the formulated method have been investigated very well to guarantee the convergence of the method. The rate of convergence for both the theoretical and numerical have been proven and are observed to be in accord with each other. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method, different model examples have been considered and simulation of numerical results have been presented by using MATLAB software. Numerical experimentation has been done and the results are presented for different values of the parameters. Further, The obtained numerical results described that the finding of the present method is more accurate than the findings of some methods discussed in the literature.}, year = {2021} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Higher-Order Numerical Method for Singularly Perturbed Delay Reaction-Diffusion Problems AU - Gemechis File Duressa AU - Tesfaye Aga Bullo Y1 - 2021/07/09 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11 DO - 10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11 T2 - Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal JF - Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal JO - Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal SP - 68 EP - 76 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2326-9812 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20211003.11 AB - In this paper, a higher-order numerical method is presented for solving the singularly perturbed delay differential equations. Such kind of equations have a delay parameter on reaction term and exhibits twin boundary layers or oscillatory behavior. Recently, different numerical methods have been developed to solve the singularly perturbed delay reaction-diffusion problems. However, the obtained accuracy and its rate of convergence are satisfactory. Thus, to solve the considered problem with more satisfactory accuracy and a higher rate of convergence, the higher-order numerical method is presented. First, the given singularly perturbed delay differential equation is transformed to asymptotically equivalent singularly perturbed two-point boundary value convection-diffusion differential equation by using Taylor series approximations. Then, the constructed singularly perturbed boundary value differential equation is replaced by three-term recurrence relation finite difference approximations. The Richardson extrapolation technique is applied to accelerate the fourth-order convergent of the developed method to the sixth-order convergent. The consistency and stability of the formulated method have been investigated very well to guarantee the convergence of the method. The rate of convergence for both the theoretical and numerical have been proven and are observed to be in accord with each other. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method, different model examples have been considered and simulation of numerical results have been presented by using MATLAB software. Numerical experimentation has been done and the results are presented for different values of the parameters. Further, The obtained numerical results described that the finding of the present method is more accurate than the findings of some methods discussed in the literature. VL - 10 IS - 3 ER -