Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil; Dost Muhammad; Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi; Sultan Nawaz; Farooq Ishaq

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14

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Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil, Dost Muhammad, Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi, Sultan Nawaz, Farooq Ishaq

Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 17 August 2019 Accepted: 21 October 2019 Published: 30 October 2019

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Abstract

Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO₂ mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.

Published in	Modern Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14
Page(s)	109-113
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Phosphorite, Citrus Waste Compost, pH, E.C and Phosphorous Extraction

References

[1]	Crawford J. H. 1983. Composting of agricultural wastes – a review. Process Biochem. 18: 14–18.
[2]	Hadar, Y and R. Mandelbaum. 1992 Suppressive compost for biocontrol of soilborne plant pathogens. Phytoparasitica 20 (1): 113–116.
[3]	Zhang, W., D. Y. Han., W. A. Dick., K. R. Davis and H. A. J. Hoitink. 1998 Compost and Compost Water Extract-Induced Systemic Acquired Resistance in Cucumber and Arabidopsis. Phytopathology 88 (5): 450-455.
[4]	Van Heerden I., C. Cronje., S. H Swart and J. M. Kotze. 2002. Microbial, chemical and physical aspects of citrus waste composting, Bioresource Technol. 81, 71–76.
[5]	Mclean, E. O. 1982. Soil pH and Lime Requirement. In: Page, A. L., Ed., Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 199-224.
[6]	Black, C. A. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part I, Physical and Mineralogical Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin.
[7]	Soltanpur, P. N., and A. P Schwab. 1997. A new soil test from simultaneous extraction of macro and micro nutrients in alkaline soils. Comm. Soil. Sci. Plant analysis. 8: 195-207.
[8]	Le Mare, P. (1991). Rock Phosphates in Agriculture. Experimental Agriculture, 27 (4), 413-422.
[9]	Kapoor K. K., Mishra M. M., Kukreja K. 1989. Phos¬phate solubilization by soil microorganisms. A review. Indian J. Microbiol., 29: 119–127.
[10]	Singh, C. P. and A. Amberger. 1990. Humic substances in straw compost with rock phosphate. Biological Wastes 31: 165-174.
[11]	Kpomblekou, A. K and M. A Tabatabai. 1994. Effect of organic acids on release of phosphorus from phosphate rocks. Soil Science 158: 442–453.

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APA Style

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil, Dost Muhammad, Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi, Sultan Nawaz, Farooq Ishaq. (2019). Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost. Modern Chemistry, 7(4), 109-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14

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ACS Style

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil; Dost Muhammad; Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi; Sultan Nawaz; Farooq Ishaq. Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost. Mod. Chem. 2019, 7(4), 109-113. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14

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AMA Style

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil, Dost Muhammad, Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi, Sultan Nawaz, Farooq Ishaq. Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost. Mod Chem. 2019;7(4):109-113. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14,
  author = {Mussaddiq Khan Khalil and Dost Muhammad and Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi and Sultan Nawaz and Farooq Ishaq},
  title = {Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {109-113},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20190704.14},
  abstract = {Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO2 mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost
AU  - Mussaddiq Khan Khalil
AU  - Dost Muhammad
AU  - Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi
AU  - Sultan Nawaz
AU  - Farooq Ishaq
Y1  - 2019/10/30
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 109
EP  - 113
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14
AB  - Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO2 mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil

Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Dost Muhammad

Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi

Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Sultan Nawaz

Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Farooq Ishaq

Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

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APA Style

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil, Dost Muhammad, Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi, Sultan Nawaz, Farooq Ishaq. (2019). Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost. Modern Chemistry, 7(4), 109-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14

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ACS Style

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil; Dost Muhammad; Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi; Sultan Nawaz; Farooq Ishaq. Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost. Mod. Chem. 2019, 7(4), 109-113. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14

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AMA Style

Mussaddiq Khan Khalil, Dost Muhammad, Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi, Sultan Nawaz, Farooq Ishaq. Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost. Mod Chem. 2019;7(4):109-113. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14,
  author = {Mussaddiq Khan Khalil and Dost Muhammad and Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi and Sultan Nawaz and Farooq Ishaq},
  title = {Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {109-113},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20190704.14},
  abstract = {Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO2 mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost
AU  - Mussaddiq Khan Khalil
AU  - Dost Muhammad
AU  - Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi
AU  - Sultan Nawaz
AU  - Farooq Ishaq
Y1  - 2019/10/30
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 109
EP  - 113
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.14
AB  - Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO2 mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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