Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda

Solomon Adomi Mbina; Galimaka Wilson; Ejike Daniel Eze; Theophilus Pius; Ssebuufu Robinson; Adam Moyosore Afodun; Iliya Ezekiel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12

Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda

Solomon Adomi Mbina, Galimaka Wilson, Ejike Daniel Eze, Theophilus Pius, Ssebuufu Robinson, Adam Moyosore Afodun, Iliya Ezekiel

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 28 May 2020 Accepted: 15 June 2020 Published: 4 July 2020

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Abstract

Globally, water-borne diseases have continued to challenge the health conditions of both developed and developing countries. In Uganda, most water-borne diseases are known to be the leading causes of serious health burden among the inhabitants. The study objectives were to characterize microscopic isolates using biochemical tests as well as identify the possible sources of contamination of spring water which is the commonest source of water used by rural inhabitants for domestic activities in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi district, Western Uganda. Samples of spring water were collected from all accessible spring water sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. A total of 48 spring water samples were collected using 500 ml sterile glass bottles. The sources of contamination of the spring water samples were determined using a Sanitary Inspection Checklist which was designed using some standard response factors from a collection of standard reference checklists for drinking water quality assessment. Distribution of isolates and indicator pathogens of fecal contamination recovered from positive samples shows 77.8% from Nyakabirizi, 75% from Ishaka and 52.63% from Central divisions. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas spp and Shigella spp appeared more frequent with overall percentage of (52.63%) and (45.83%) whereas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were found in (31.25%), (12.5%) and (6.25%) respectively. Sanitary inspections showed that springs in Ishaka Division posed a much higher risk (66.7%) of bacterial contamination compared to what was observed in Central (58.3%) and Nyakabirizi (58.3%) Divisions. All the sampled water sources were contaminated hence they posed substantial risk to users in the communities. Regular water examination and quality control including microbial assessment of all water sources should be maintained in the three Divisions of the Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12
Page(s)	51-60
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bacteriological, Bushenyi, Contamination, Ishaka, Isolates, Municipality

References

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APA Style

Solomon Adomi Mbina, Galimaka Wilson, Ejike Daniel Eze, Theophilus Pius, Ssebuufu Robinson, et al. (2020). Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 6(3), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12

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ACS Style

Solomon Adomi Mbina; Galimaka Wilson; Ejike Daniel Eze; Theophilus Pius; Ssebuufu Robinson, et al. Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. J. Health Environ. Res. 2020, 6(3), 51-60. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12

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AMA Style

Solomon Adomi Mbina, Galimaka Wilson, Ejike Daniel Eze, Theophilus Pius, Ssebuufu Robinson, et al. Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. J Health Environ Res. 2020;6(3):51-60. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12,
  author = {Solomon Adomi Mbina and Galimaka Wilson and Ejike Daniel Eze and Theophilus Pius and Ssebuufu Robinson and Adam Moyosore Afodun and Iliya Ezekiel},
  title = {Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20200603.12},
  abstract = {Globally, water-borne diseases have continued to challenge the health conditions of both developed and developing countries. In Uganda, most water-borne diseases are known to be the leading causes of serious health burden among the inhabitants. The study objectives were to characterize microscopic isolates using biochemical tests as well as identify the possible sources of contamination of spring water which is the commonest source of water used by rural inhabitants for domestic activities in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi district, Western Uganda. Samples of spring water were collected from all accessible spring water sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. A total of 48 spring water samples were collected using 500 ml sterile glass bottles. The sources of contamination of the spring water samples were determined using a Sanitary Inspection Checklist which was designed using some standard response factors from a collection of standard reference checklists for drinking water quality assessment. Distribution of isolates and indicator pathogens of fecal contamination recovered from positive samples shows 77.8% from Nyakabirizi, 75% from Ishaka and 52.63% from Central divisions. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas spp and Shigella spp appeared more frequent with overall percentage of (52.63%) and (45.83%) whereas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were found in (31.25%), (12.5%) and (6.25%) respectively. Sanitary inspections showed that springs in Ishaka Division posed a much higher risk (66.7%) of bacterial contamination compared to what was observed in Central (58.3%) and Nyakabirizi (58.3%) Divisions. All the sampled water sources were contaminated hence they posed substantial risk to users in the communities. Regular water examination and quality control including microbial assessment of all water sources should be maintained in the three Divisions of the Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda
AU  - Solomon Adomi Mbina
AU  - Galimaka Wilson
AU  - Ejike Daniel Eze
AU  - Theophilus Pius
AU  - Ssebuufu Robinson
AU  - Adam Moyosore Afodun
AU  - Iliya Ezekiel
Y1  - 2020/07/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 51
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12
AB  - Globally, water-borne diseases have continued to challenge the health conditions of both developed and developing countries. In Uganda, most water-borne diseases are known to be the leading causes of serious health burden among the inhabitants. The study objectives were to characterize microscopic isolates using biochemical tests as well as identify the possible sources of contamination of spring water which is the commonest source of water used by rural inhabitants for domestic activities in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi district, Western Uganda. Samples of spring water were collected from all accessible spring water sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. A total of 48 spring water samples were collected using 500 ml sterile glass bottles. The sources of contamination of the spring water samples were determined using a Sanitary Inspection Checklist which was designed using some standard response factors from a collection of standard reference checklists for drinking water quality assessment. Distribution of isolates and indicator pathogens of fecal contamination recovered from positive samples shows 77.8% from Nyakabirizi, 75% from Ishaka and 52.63% from Central divisions. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas spp and Shigella spp appeared more frequent with overall percentage of (52.63%) and (45.83%) whereas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were found in (31.25%), (12.5%) and (6.25%) respectively. Sanitary inspections showed that springs in Ishaka Division posed a much higher risk (66.7%) of bacterial contamination compared to what was observed in Central (58.3%) and Nyakabirizi (58.3%) Divisions. All the sampled water sources were contaminated hence they posed substantial risk to users in the communities. Regular water examination and quality control including microbial assessment of all water sources should be maintained in the three Divisions of the Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Solomon Adomi Mbina

Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
Galimaka Wilson

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
Ejike Daniel Eze

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
Theophilus Pius

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
Ssebuufu Robinson

Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University- Teaching Hospital, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
Adam Moyosore Afodun

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
Iliya Ezekiel

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Solomon Adomi Mbina, Galimaka Wilson, Ejike Daniel Eze, Theophilus Pius, Ssebuufu Robinson, et al. (2020). Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 6(3), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12

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ACS Style

Solomon Adomi Mbina; Galimaka Wilson; Ejike Daniel Eze; Theophilus Pius; Ssebuufu Robinson, et al. Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. J. Health Environ. Res. 2020, 6(3), 51-60. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12

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AMA Style

Solomon Adomi Mbina, Galimaka Wilson, Ejike Daniel Eze, Theophilus Pius, Ssebuufu Robinson, et al. Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. J Health Environ Res. 2020;6(3):51-60. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12,
  author = {Solomon Adomi Mbina and Galimaka Wilson and Ejike Daniel Eze and Theophilus Pius and Ssebuufu Robinson and Adam Moyosore Afodun and Iliya Ezekiel},
  title = {Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20200603.12},
  abstract = {Globally, water-borne diseases have continued to challenge the health conditions of both developed and developing countries. In Uganda, most water-borne diseases are known to be the leading causes of serious health burden among the inhabitants. The study objectives were to characterize microscopic isolates using biochemical tests as well as identify the possible sources of contamination of spring water which is the commonest source of water used by rural inhabitants for domestic activities in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi district, Western Uganda. Samples of spring water were collected from all accessible spring water sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. A total of 48 spring water samples were collected using 500 ml sterile glass bottles. The sources of contamination of the spring water samples were determined using a Sanitary Inspection Checklist which was designed using some standard response factors from a collection of standard reference checklists for drinking water quality assessment. Distribution of isolates and indicator pathogens of fecal contamination recovered from positive samples shows 77.8% from Nyakabirizi, 75% from Ishaka and 52.63% from Central divisions. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas spp and Shigella spp appeared more frequent with overall percentage of (52.63%) and (45.83%) whereas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were found in (31.25%), (12.5%) and (6.25%) respectively. Sanitary inspections showed that springs in Ishaka Division posed a much higher risk (66.7%) of bacterial contamination compared to what was observed in Central (58.3%) and Nyakabirizi (58.3%) Divisions. All the sampled water sources were contaminated hence they posed substantial risk to users in the communities. Regular water examination and quality control including microbial assessment of all water sources should be maintained in the three Divisions of the Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda
AU  - Solomon Adomi Mbina
AU  - Galimaka Wilson
AU  - Ejike Daniel Eze
AU  - Theophilus Pius
AU  - Ssebuufu Robinson
AU  - Adam Moyosore Afodun
AU  - Iliya Ezekiel
Y1  - 2020/07/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 51
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20200603.12
AB  - Globally, water-borne diseases have continued to challenge the health conditions of both developed and developing countries. In Uganda, most water-borne diseases are known to be the leading causes of serious health burden among the inhabitants. The study objectives were to characterize microscopic isolates using biochemical tests as well as identify the possible sources of contamination of spring water which is the commonest source of water used by rural inhabitants for domestic activities in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Bushenyi district, Western Uganda. Samples of spring water were collected from all accessible spring water sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. A total of 48 spring water samples were collected using 500 ml sterile glass bottles. The sources of contamination of the spring water samples were determined using a Sanitary Inspection Checklist which was designed using some standard response factors from a collection of standard reference checklists for drinking water quality assessment. Distribution of isolates and indicator pathogens of fecal contamination recovered from positive samples shows 77.8% from Nyakabirizi, 75% from Ishaka and 52.63% from Central divisions. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas spp and Shigella spp appeared more frequent with overall percentage of (52.63%) and (45.83%) whereas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were found in (31.25%), (12.5%) and (6.25%) respectively. Sanitary inspections showed that springs in Ishaka Division posed a much higher risk (66.7%) of bacterial contamination compared to what was observed in Central (58.3%) and Nyakabirizi (58.3%) Divisions. All the sampled water sources were contaminated hence they posed substantial risk to users in the communities. Regular water examination and quality control including microbial assessment of all water sources should be maintained in the three Divisions of the Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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