Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu <i>(Solanum Nigrum)</i> from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya

Teresa Akenga; Emmy Kerich; Ayabei Kiplagat; Vincent Sudoi; Cyrus Kuya

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12

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Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya

Teresa Akenga, Emmy Kerich, Ayabei Kiplagat, Vincent Sudoi, Cyrus Kuya

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 26 November 2019 Accepted: 16 January 2020 Published: 18 February 2020

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Abstract

Levels of selected heavy metals of Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co were evaluated in irrigation water, soil and managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. The samples were collected purposively and randomly then transported to KALRO Kericho to be analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Descriptive statistics and t-test analysis for the heavy metal concentrations were done using SPSS Version 21, transfer factor was also calculated. The levels of heavy metals detected in irrigation water were; 0.89, 0.01, 0.18, 0.35, 4.20 and 0.04 mg/L for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall concentration of heavy metals detected in soil under irrigation were; 315.56, 1.00, 13.00, 19.17, 59.05 and 12.50 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall levels of heavy metals detected in Solanum Nigrum under irrigation were 10.16, 5.23, 4.02, 41.42, 479.56 and 11.41 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. Using paired t-test, the mean heavy metals level recorded in irrigated Solanum Nigrum from two Sub locations were significantly different (p ˂ 0.05) in Mn, Pb, Zn and Co but not significantly different in Cd and Fe. The results revealed that levels of Cd, Mn, Fe and Pb in soil and Solanum Nigrum were above the FAO/WHO limit. These levels pose risks to the consumers rendering them not safe for consumption. Therefore, regular monitoring for these metals in food is vital in ensuring consumption of safe food and avoiding bioaccumulation in the food chain.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12
Page(s)	101-106
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Bioaccumulation, Solanum Nigrum, Irrigation Water and Soil

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APA Style

Teresa Akenga, Emmy Kerich, Ayabei Kiplagat, Vincent Sudoi, Cyrus Kuya. (2020). Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 5(4), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12

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ACS Style

Teresa Akenga; Emmy Kerich; Ayabei Kiplagat; Vincent Sudoi; Cyrus Kuya. Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. J. Health Environ. Res. 2020, 5(4), 101-106. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12

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AMA Style

Teresa Akenga, Emmy Kerich, Ayabei Kiplagat, Vincent Sudoi, Cyrus Kuya. Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. J Health Environ Res. 2020;5(4):101-106. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12,
  author = {Teresa Akenga and Emmy Kerich and Ayabei Kiplagat and Vincent Sudoi and Cyrus Kuya},
  title = {Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {101-106},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20190504.12},
  abstract = {Levels of selected heavy metals of Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co were evaluated in irrigation water, soil and managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. The samples were collected purposively and randomly then transported to KALRO Kericho to be analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Descriptive statistics and t-test analysis for the heavy metal concentrations were done using SPSS Version 21, transfer factor was also calculated. The levels of heavy metals detected in irrigation water were; 0.89, 0.01, 0.18, 0.35, 4.20 and 0.04 mg/L for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall concentration of heavy metals detected in soil under irrigation were; 315.56, 1.00, 13.00, 19.17, 59.05 and 12.50 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall levels of heavy metals detected in Solanum Nigrum under irrigation were 10.16, 5.23, 4.02, 41.42, 479.56 and 11.41 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. Using paired t-test, the mean heavy metals level recorded in irrigated Solanum Nigrum from two Sub locations were significantly different (p ˂ 0.05) in Mn, Pb, Zn and Co but not significantly different in Cd and Fe. The results revealed that levels of Cd, Mn, Fe and Pb in soil and Solanum Nigrum were above the FAO/WHO limit. These levels pose risks to the consumers rendering them not safe for consumption. Therefore, regular monitoring for these metals in food is vital in ensuring consumption of safe food and avoiding bioaccumulation in the food chain.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya
AU  - Teresa Akenga
AU  - Emmy Kerich
AU  - Ayabei Kiplagat
AU  - Vincent Sudoi
AU  - Cyrus Kuya
Y1  - 2020/02/18
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 101
EP  - 106
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12
AB  - Levels of selected heavy metals of Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co were evaluated in irrigation water, soil and managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. The samples were collected purposively and randomly then transported to KALRO Kericho to be analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Descriptive statistics and t-test analysis for the heavy metal concentrations were done using SPSS Version 21, transfer factor was also calculated. The levels of heavy metals detected in irrigation water were; 0.89, 0.01, 0.18, 0.35, 4.20 and 0.04 mg/L for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall concentration of heavy metals detected in soil under irrigation were; 315.56, 1.00, 13.00, 19.17, 59.05 and 12.50 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall levels of heavy metals detected in Solanum Nigrum under irrigation were 10.16, 5.23, 4.02, 41.42, 479.56 and 11.41 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. Using paired t-test, the mean heavy metals level recorded in irrigated Solanum Nigrum from two Sub locations were significantly different (p ˂ 0.05) in Mn, Pb, Zn and Co but not significantly different in Cd and Fe. The results revealed that levels of Cd, Mn, Fe and Pb in soil and Solanum Nigrum were above the FAO/WHO limit. These levels pose risks to the consumers rendering them not safe for consumption. Therefore, regular monitoring for these metals in food is vital in ensuring consumption of safe food and avoiding bioaccumulation in the food chain.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Teresa Akenga

Office of the Vice Chancellor, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Emmy Kerich

Directorate of Research and Innovation, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Ayabei Kiplagat

Department of Chemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Vincent Sudoi

Directorate of Research and Innovation, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Cyrus Kuya

Office of the Vice Chancellor, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya

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APA Style

Teresa Akenga, Emmy Kerich, Ayabei Kiplagat, Vincent Sudoi, Cyrus Kuya. (2020). Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 5(4), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12

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ACS Style

Teresa Akenga; Emmy Kerich; Ayabei Kiplagat; Vincent Sudoi; Cyrus Kuya. Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. J. Health Environ. Res. 2020, 5(4), 101-106. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12

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AMA Style

Teresa Akenga, Emmy Kerich, Ayabei Kiplagat, Vincent Sudoi, Cyrus Kuya. Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. J Health Environ Res. 2020;5(4):101-106. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12,
  author = {Teresa Akenga and Emmy Kerich and Ayabei Kiplagat and Vincent Sudoi and Cyrus Kuya},
  title = {Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {101-106},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20190504.12},
  abstract = {Levels of selected heavy metals of Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co were evaluated in irrigation water, soil and managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. The samples were collected purposively and randomly then transported to KALRO Kericho to be analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Descriptive statistics and t-test analysis for the heavy metal concentrations were done using SPSS Version 21, transfer factor was also calculated. The levels of heavy metals detected in irrigation water were; 0.89, 0.01, 0.18, 0.35, 4.20 and 0.04 mg/L for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall concentration of heavy metals detected in soil under irrigation were; 315.56, 1.00, 13.00, 19.17, 59.05 and 12.50 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall levels of heavy metals detected in Solanum Nigrum under irrigation were 10.16, 5.23, 4.02, 41.42, 479.56 and 11.41 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. Using paired t-test, the mean heavy metals level recorded in irrigated Solanum Nigrum from two Sub locations were significantly different (p ˂ 0.05) in Mn, Pb, Zn and Co but not significantly different in Cd and Fe. The results revealed that levels of Cd, Mn, Fe and Pb in soil and Solanum Nigrum were above the FAO/WHO limit. These levels pose risks to the consumers rendering them not safe for consumption. Therefore, regular monitoring for these metals in food is vital in ensuring consumption of safe food and avoiding bioaccumulation in the food chain.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigation of Selected Heavy Metal Ions in Irrigation Water, Soil and Managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya
AU  - Teresa Akenga
AU  - Emmy Kerich
AU  - Ayabei Kiplagat
AU  - Vincent Sudoi
AU  - Cyrus Kuya
Y1  - 2020/02/18
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 101
EP  - 106
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190504.12
AB  - Levels of selected heavy metals of Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co were evaluated in irrigation water, soil and managu (Solanum Nigrum) from Homahills, Homabay County, Kenya. The samples were collected purposively and randomly then transported to KALRO Kericho to be analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Descriptive statistics and t-test analysis for the heavy metal concentrations were done using SPSS Version 21, transfer factor was also calculated. The levels of heavy metals detected in irrigation water were; 0.89, 0.01, 0.18, 0.35, 4.20 and 0.04 mg/L for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall concentration of heavy metals detected in soil under irrigation were; 315.56, 1.00, 13.00, 19.17, 59.05 and 12.50 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. The overall levels of heavy metals detected in Solanum Nigrum under irrigation were 10.16, 5.23, 4.02, 41.42, 479.56 and 11.41 mg/kg for Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Co respectively. Using paired t-test, the mean heavy metals level recorded in irrigated Solanum Nigrum from two Sub locations were significantly different (p ˂ 0.05) in Mn, Pb, Zn and Co but not significantly different in Cd and Fe. The results revealed that levels of Cd, Mn, Fe and Pb in soil and Solanum Nigrum were above the FAO/WHO limit. These levels pose risks to the consumers rendering them not safe for consumption. Therefore, regular monitoring for these metals in food is vital in ensuring consumption of safe food and avoiding bioaccumulation in the food chain.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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