Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria

Peters Henry; Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16

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Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria

Peters Henry, Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 4 April 2014 Accepted: 28 April 2014 Published: 10 June 2014

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Abstract

Aflatoxin M1 and enteropathogenic microorganism levels in milk samples vended in Cross River State were investigated. Thirty one milk samples were purchased from supermarkets and markets across the three (3) senatorial districts of Cross River State during August to November 2012. The milk samples were grouped into three (3) categories; A (Evaporated milk samples), B (Powdered milk samples), C (Infant milk formula). The milk samples were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while enteropathogens (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mould, Mesophilic Aerobic bacteria and Coliform) were cultured for microbiological sensitivity test using standard methods. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was found in 100 percent of all the milk samples that were analyzed in this study. The contamination levels ranged from 0.06µg/l to 0.07g/l, while the mean value was 0.07µg/l. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the mean concentrations of AFM1 of the milk samples among the different categories. All the different milk samples (100%) exceeded the European Union maximum acceptable levels (0.05µg/l). None of the milk samples exceeded the Nigerian permissible limit (0.5µg/l). Salmonella, Escherichia Coli and Coliform bacteria were not detected in the milk samples. Aerobic Mesophilic bacteria and Mould were present in the milk samples but did not exceed the standard of 105cfu/ml for aerobic mesophilic bacteria and 102cfu/ml for mould. It is concluded that the milk samples vended in Cross River State contain aflatoxin M1 and detectable enteropathogen levels which fall within Nigerian regulatory limits.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16
Page(s)	81-86
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Aflatoxin M1, Pasteurized Milk, Measurement, Enteropathogens, Elisa, Nigeria

References

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APA Style

Peters Henry, Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme. (2014). Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(3), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16

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ACS Style

Peters Henry; Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme. Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(3), 81-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16

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AMA Style

Peters Henry, Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme. Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(3):81-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16,
  author = {Peters Henry and Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme},
  title = {Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {81-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140203.16},
  abstract = {Aflatoxin M1 and enteropathogenic microorganism levels in milk samples vended in Cross River State were investigated. Thirty one milk samples were purchased from supermarkets and markets across the three (3) senatorial districts of Cross River State during August to November 2012. The milk samples were grouped into three (3) categories; A (Evaporated milk samples), B (Powdered milk samples), C (Infant milk formula). The milk samples were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while enteropathogens (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mould, Mesophilic Aerobic bacteria and Coliform) were cultured for microbiological sensitivity test using standard methods. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was found in 100 percent of all the milk samples that were analyzed in this study. The contamination levels ranged from 0.06µg/l to 0.07g/l, while the mean value was 0.07µg/l. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the mean concentrations of AFM1 of the milk samples among the different categories. All the different milk samples (100%) exceeded the European Union maximum acceptable levels (0.05µg/l). None of the milk samples exceeded the Nigerian permissible limit (0.5µg/l). Salmonella, Escherichia Coli and Coliform bacteria were not detected in the milk samples. Aerobic Mesophilic bacteria and Mould were present in the milk samples but did not exceed the standard of 105cfu/ml for aerobic mesophilic bacteria and 102cfu/ml for mould. It is concluded that the milk samples vended in Cross River State contain aflatoxin M1 and detectable enteropathogen levels which fall within Nigerian regulatory limits.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria
AU - Peters Henry
AU - Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme
Y1 - 2014/06/10
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16
DO - 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16
T2 - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP - 81
EP - 86
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-7293
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16
AB - Aflatoxin M1 and enteropathogenic microorganism levels in milk samples vended in Cross River State were investigated. Thirty one milk samples were purchased from supermarkets and markets across the three (3) senatorial districts of Cross River State during August to November 2012. The milk samples were grouped into three (3) categories; A (Evaporated milk samples), B (Powdered milk samples), C (Infant milk formula). The milk samples were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while enteropathogens (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mould, Mesophilic Aerobic bacteria and Coliform) were cultured for microbiological sensitivity test using standard methods. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was found in 100 percent of all the milk samples that were analyzed in this study. The contamination levels ranged from 0.06µg/l to 0.07g/l, while the mean value was 0.07µg/l. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the mean concentrations of AFM1 of the milk samples among the different categories. All the different milk samples (100%) exceeded the European Union maximum acceptable levels (0.05µg/l). None of the milk samples exceeded the Nigerian permissible limit (0.5µg/l). Salmonella, Escherichia Coli and Coliform bacteria were not detected in the milk samples. Aerobic Mesophilic bacteria and Mould were present in the milk samples but did not exceed the standard of 105cfu/ml for aerobic mesophilic bacteria and 102cfu/ml for mould. It is concluded that the milk samples vended in Cross River State contain aflatoxin M1 and detectable enteropathogen levels which fall within Nigerian regulatory limits.
VL - 2
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Peters Henry

Biochemistry Department, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme

Biochemistry Department, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Peters Henry, Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme. (2014). Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(3), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16

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ACS Style

Peters Henry; Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme. Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2014, 2(3), 81-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16

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AMA Style

Peters Henry, Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme. Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2(3):81-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16,
  author = {Peters Henry and Christine Emmanuel-Ikpeme},
  title = {Assessment of AflatoxinM1and Enteropathogenic Microorganism Levels in Milk Samples Vended in Cross River State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {81-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140203.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20140203.16},
  abstract = {Aflatoxin M1 and enteropathogenic microorganism levels in milk samples vended in Cross River State were investigated. Thirty one milk samples were purchased from supermarkets and markets across the three (3) senatorial districts of Cross River State during August to November 2012. The milk samples were grouped into three (3) categories; A (Evaporated milk samples), B (Powdered milk samples), C (Infant milk formula). The milk samples were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while enteropathogens (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mould, Mesophilic Aerobic bacteria and Coliform) were cultured for microbiological sensitivity test using standard methods. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was found in 100 percent of all the milk samples that were analyzed in this study. The contamination levels ranged from 0.06µg/l to 0.07g/l, while the mean value was 0.07µg/l. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the mean concentrations of AFM1 of the milk samples among the different categories. All the different milk samples (100%) exceeded the European Union maximum acceptable levels (0.05µg/l). None of the milk samples exceeded the Nigerian permissible limit (0.5µg/l). Salmonella, Escherichia Coli and Coliform bacteria were not detected in the milk samples. Aerobic Mesophilic bacteria and Mould were present in the milk samples but did not exceed the standard of 105cfu/ml for aerobic mesophilic bacteria and 102cfu/ml for mould. It is concluded that the milk samples vended in Cross River State contain aflatoxin M1 and detectable enteropathogen levels which fall within Nigerian regulatory limits.},
 year = {2014}
}

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