This investigation focused on the comparative evaluation of California Bearing Ratio values of natural offshore sand and cement stabilized offshore sand as subbase materials for road construction in swampy regions. CBR tests were carried out on the offshore sand sample to ascertain its suitability for road subbase filling. Based on the test results, the CBR of the natural offshore sand was found to be 4.05 percent. After 4% Cement stabilization, the value increased to 12 percent. At 6% cement stabilization, the CBR increased to 26 percent. At 8% cement content, the value obtained was 27 percent. At 10% cement content, the CBR results increased to 31.7 percent. After 12% cement content, the CBR values obtained became 61.4 percent. For sand to be used as subbase material, the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing, Abuja (1997) recommends that the Minimum CBR for subbase should be 30 percent. It is seen that CBR values of natural offshore sand, and at 4% - 8% cement contents did not satisfy requirement for use as subbase material. However, at 10% and 12% cement contents, CBR values of 37.9 percent and 61.4 percent obtained respectively met CBR requirement for subbase. This investigation concludes that cement can be used to stabilize offshore sand to improve the performance of its engineering properties for use as subbase material for construction of road in swampy regions.
| Published in | International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology (Volume 7, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15 |
| Page(s) | 29-32 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Cement, Offshore Sand, California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
| [1] | Little, D. N. and Nair, S. (2009). Recommended Practice for Stabilization of Subgrade soils and Base materials, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), web only document -144, Texas A & M University, Texas. |
| [2] | Arellano, D. and Thompson, M. R. (1998). Final report –Stabilized Base Properties (Strength, Modulus, Fatigue) for mechanistic-based airport pavement design, Technical Report of Research Department of Civil Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. |
| [3] | Standard Specification for Construction and Maintenance of Road and Bridges, Road Development Authority (RDA), 1989. |
| [4] | Croney, D. and Croney, P. (1998). The Design and Performance of Road Pavements. 3rd Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, U.K. |
| [5] | Yang, H. H. “Pavement Analysis and Design’ 2nd Edition, ISBN 01314247349780131424739. |
| [6] | General Specifications for Roads and Bridges, Federal Ministry of Works and Housing, ABUJA (1997). |
| [7] | Tingle et al. (1999). Discrete Fibre Reinforcement of sands for Expedient Road Construction. Technical Report GL-99-3, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. |
| [8] | Edincliler and Catagay (2013). Weak subgrade Improvement with Rubber Fibre Inclusions, Geosynth. Int., ICE, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2013, pp. 39-46. |
| [9] | Prasad, D. S. V. and Prasada Raju, G. V. R., “Performance of Waste Tyre Rubber on Model Flexible Pavement,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., Vol. 4, 2009, pp. 89-92. |
| [10] | Edincliler et al. (2004) Determination of Static and Dynamic Behavior of Recycled Materials for Highways. Resour. Conserv. Recycl., Vol. 42, No. 3, 2004, pp. 223-337. |
| [11] | Uchimura et al. (2007). Shaking Table Tests on Effect of Tire Chips and Sand Mixture in increasing liquefaction Resistance and Mitigating Uplift of Pipe. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Scrap Tire Derived Geomaterials – Opportunities and Challenges, Yokosuka, Japan, March 23-24, 2007, pp. 179-186. |
| [12] | Yuehuan et al (2010). A preliminary study on foamed Bitumen stabilization for Western Australian pavements. |
| [13] | Choi, Y.; Ahn, D.; Nguyen, T. H.; Ahn, J. Assessment of field compaction of aggregate base materials for permeable pavements based on plate load tests. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3817. |
| [14] | Umashankar, B.; Hariprasad, C.; Kumar, G. T. Compaction quality control of pavement layers using LWD. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2016, 28, 04015111. |
| [15] | Walubita, L. F.; Lee, S. I.; Abu-Farsakh, M.; Scullion, T.; Nazarian, S.; Abdallah, I. Texas Flexible Pavements and Overlays, Year 5 Report. Complete Data Documentation; FHWA/TX-15/0-6658-3; Texas Department of Transportation: College Station, TX, USA, 2017. |
APA Style
Fidelis Onyebuchi Okafor, Owo Awajigbana Tugwell. (2021). Comparative Evaluation of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand as Road Subbase Material in Swampy Region. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 29-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15
ACS Style
Fidelis Onyebuchi Okafor; Owo Awajigbana Tugwell. Comparative Evaluation of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand as Road Subbase Material in Swampy Region. Int. J. Transp. Eng. Technol. 2021, 7(1), 29-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15
AMA Style
Fidelis Onyebuchi Okafor, Owo Awajigbana Tugwell. Comparative Evaluation of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand as Road Subbase Material in Swampy Region. Int J Transp Eng Technol. 2021;7(1):29-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15,
author = {Fidelis Onyebuchi Okafor and Owo Awajigbana Tugwell},
title = {Comparative Evaluation of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand as Road Subbase Material in Swampy Region},
journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {29-32},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijtet.20210701.15},
abstract = {This investigation focused on the comparative evaluation of California Bearing Ratio values of natural offshore sand and cement stabilized offshore sand as subbase materials for road construction in swampy regions. CBR tests were carried out on the offshore sand sample to ascertain its suitability for road subbase filling. Based on the test results, the CBR of the natural offshore sand was found to be 4.05 percent. After 4% Cement stabilization, the value increased to 12 percent. At 6% cement stabilization, the CBR increased to 26 percent. At 8% cement content, the value obtained was 27 percent. At 10% cement content, the CBR results increased to 31.7 percent. After 12% cement content, the CBR values obtained became 61.4 percent. For sand to be used as subbase material, the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing, Abuja (1997) recommends that the Minimum CBR for subbase should be 30 percent. It is seen that CBR values of natural offshore sand, and at 4% - 8% cement contents did not satisfy requirement for use as subbase material. However, at 10% and 12% cement contents, CBR values of 37.9 percent and 61.4 percent obtained respectively met CBR requirement for subbase. This investigation concludes that cement can be used to stabilize offshore sand to improve the performance of its engineering properties for use as subbase material for construction of road in swampy regions.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Evaluation of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand as Road Subbase Material in Swampy Region AU - Fidelis Onyebuchi Okafor AU - Owo Awajigbana Tugwell Y1 - 2021/04/01 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15 DO - 10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15 T2 - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology JF - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology JO - International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology SP - 29 EP - 32 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-1751 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtet.20210701.15 AB - This investigation focused on the comparative evaluation of California Bearing Ratio values of natural offshore sand and cement stabilized offshore sand as subbase materials for road construction in swampy regions. CBR tests were carried out on the offshore sand sample to ascertain its suitability for road subbase filling. Based on the test results, the CBR of the natural offshore sand was found to be 4.05 percent. After 4% Cement stabilization, the value increased to 12 percent. At 6% cement stabilization, the CBR increased to 26 percent. At 8% cement content, the value obtained was 27 percent. At 10% cement content, the CBR results increased to 31.7 percent. After 12% cement content, the CBR values obtained became 61.4 percent. For sand to be used as subbase material, the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing, Abuja (1997) recommends that the Minimum CBR for subbase should be 30 percent. It is seen that CBR values of natural offshore sand, and at 4% - 8% cement contents did not satisfy requirement for use as subbase material. However, at 10% and 12% cement contents, CBR values of 37.9 percent and 61.4 percent obtained respectively met CBR requirement for subbase. This investigation concludes that cement can be used to stabilize offshore sand to improve the performance of its engineering properties for use as subbase material for construction of road in swampy regions. VL - 7 IS - 1 ER -
Email: