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Prevalence of Fungal Flours in Zahedan-Iran Bakeries

Received: 25 March 2014     Accepted: 15 April 2014     Published: 20 May 2014
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Abstract

Fungi widely distributed in nature and the study of fungal toxins is important among the research topics. Many of these toxins enter into the body through foods such as flour, bread and other foods. These toxins could lead to complication such as syndromes and cancer in humans. Due to importance of flour over the diet of Iranian people, the incidence of fungal contamination of flour was done in Zahedan bakeries. In this descriptive study, 113 bakeries were randomly selected from different regions in Zahedan. The samples of flour have cultured in order to identify fungal species with specific medium. 34 out of 113 samples had fungal contamination. The most common mycotoxins – producing fungi were Acromonium sp and Aspergillus fumigatus respectively. According to the results of this study and since the bread is the staple of the Iranian people health regulation and monitoring their implementation at all stages of production, distribution and storage of wheat and flour is recommended to the authorities in order to eliminate the fungal contamination and seems to be imperative.

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17
Page(s) 180-182
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Flour, Fungal Contamination, Mycotoxins, Bakeries, Zahedan-Iran

References
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[2] "Preliminary FoodNet data on the inci-dence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonlyt-hrough food--10 states, 2006," MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 13; 56(14):336-9, 2007..
[3] B. Kabak, AD. Dobson, I. Var, "Strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamina-tion of food animal feed", a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 46(8):593-619,2006.
[4] M. Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. Shams-Ghahfarokhi, A. Allameh, A. Kazeroon-Shiri, S. Ranjbar-Bahadori, H.Mirzahoseini et al., "A survey on dis-ribution of Aspergillus section Flavi in corn field soils in Iran", Mycopathologia, 161(3):183-92, 2006..
[5] M. Qiu, X. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Zhang, "Survey on the fumonisins intake and the urinary Sa/So ratio of people suffered from a high incidence of esophageal cancer", Wei sheng yan-jiu30(6):365-367, 2001.
[6] E. Pardo, S. Marin, AJ. Ramos, V. Sanchis,"Ecophysiology of ochratoxigenic As-pergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum isolates. Predictive models for fungal spoilage prevention" – a review, Food Addit Contam, 23(4):398-410, 2006.
[7] E. Scallan, "Activities, Achievements, and Lessons Learned during the First 10 Years of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network: 1996–2005", Clin Infect Dis, 1; 44(5):718-25, 2007.
[8] DS. Gelli, M. Jakabi, A. Sou-za, "Botulism a laboratory investigation on biological and food samples from cases and outbreaks in Brazil (1982-2001)", Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 44(6):321-4, 2002.
[9] MW. Trucksess, AE. Pohland, "Methods and method evaluation for mycotoxin", MolBiotechnol, 22(3):287-92, 2002.
[10] Y. Wang, YX. Yan, W. Ji, H. Wang, SH. Li, QA. Zou, et al.," Rapid Simultaneous Quan-tification of Zearalenone and Fumonisin B1 in Corn and Wheat by Lateral Flow Dual Immunoassay", Agric Food Chem, 61(21):5031–6, 2013.
[11] V. Betina, " My-cotoxins as secondary metabolites. In: Bioactive molecules", Vol. 9: Mycotoxins, Chemical, Biological and Environmental Aspects. Elsevier publication, 27-41, 1989.
[12] ES.Abd Alla, "Zearalenone: incidence, toxigenic fungi and chemical decontamination in Egyptian cereals", Nahrung, 41(6):362-5, 1997.
[13] LK. Berghofer, AD. Hocking, D. Miskelly, E. Jansson, "Microbiology of wheat and flour milling in Australia." Int J Food Microbiol, 15; 85(1-2):137-49, 2003.
[14] L. Pussemier, JK.Pierard, M.Anselme, EK. Tangi, JC. Motte, Y. Larnodelle, "Development and application of analytical methods for the determination of mycotoxins in organic and conventional wheat," Food Addit Contam, 23(11):1208-18, 2006.
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  • APA Style

    Ebrahimzadeh Adel, Mohammadzadeh Farzaneh. (2014). Prevalence of Fungal Flours in Zahedan-Iran Bakeries. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(3), 180-182. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17

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    ACS Style

    Ebrahimzadeh Adel; Mohammadzadeh Farzaneh. Prevalence of Fungal Flours in Zahedan-Iran Bakeries. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(3), 180-182. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17

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    AMA Style

    Ebrahimzadeh Adel, Mohammadzadeh Farzaneh. Prevalence of Fungal Flours in Zahedan-Iran Bakeries. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(3):180-182. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17,
      author = {Ebrahimzadeh Adel and Mohammadzadeh Farzaneh},
      title = {Prevalence of Fungal Flours in Zahedan-Iran Bakeries},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {180-182},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140303.17},
      abstract = {Fungi widely distributed in nature and the study of fungal toxins is important among the research topics. Many of these toxins enter into the body through foods such as flour, bread and other foods. These toxins could lead to complication such as syndromes and cancer in humans. Due to importance of flour over the diet of Iranian people, the incidence of fungal contamination of flour was done in Zahedan bakeries. In this descriptive study, 113 bakeries were randomly selected from different regions in Zahedan. The samples of flour have cultured in order to identify fungal species with specific medium. 34 out of 113 samples had fungal contamination. The most common mycotoxins – producing fungi were Acromonium sp and Aspergillus fumigatus respectively. According to the results of this study and since the bread is the staple of the Iranian people health regulation and monitoring their implementation at all stages of production, distribution and storage of wheat and flour is recommended to the authorities in order to eliminate the fungal contamination and seems to be imperative.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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    AU  - Ebrahimzadeh Adel
    AU  - Mohammadzadeh Farzaneh
    Y1  - 2014/05/20
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17
    T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    SP  - 180
    EP  - 182
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.17
    AB  - Fungi widely distributed in nature and the study of fungal toxins is important among the research topics. Many of these toxins enter into the body through foods such as flour, bread and other foods. These toxins could lead to complication such as syndromes and cancer in humans. Due to importance of flour over the diet of Iranian people, the incidence of fungal contamination of flour was done in Zahedan bakeries. In this descriptive study, 113 bakeries were randomly selected from different regions in Zahedan. The samples of flour have cultured in order to identify fungal species with specific medium. 34 out of 113 samples had fungal contamination. The most common mycotoxins – producing fungi were Acromonium sp and Aspergillus fumigatus respectively. According to the results of this study and since the bread is the staple of the Iranian people health regulation and monitoring their implementation at all stages of production, distribution and storage of wheat and flour is recommended to the authorities in order to eliminate the fungal contamination and seems to be imperative.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology and Membership of Reseach Center of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

  • Department of Medical Microbiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

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