Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial

Adama Kenneth K.; Afolayan Michael O.; Oberafo Anthony A.; Thomas Sunday

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15

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Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial

Adama Kenneth K., Afolayan Michael O., Oberafo Anthony A., Thomas Sunday

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 11 February 2014 Published: 10 March 2014

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Abstract

Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) seeds were examined for its starch composition and applicability as biomaterial in hybrid composite materials development. The physicochemical properties of the starch extracted were then compared with standard industrial maize starch. The starch was isolated using 1% w/v sodium metabisulphite solution and the obtained starch was found to be a brilliant white, crystalline, non- hygroscopic powder with yield of about 21%. The starch percentage solubility at 90°C was 2.36 with a swelling power of 13.7 and gelatinization temperature of 66°C. It had a browning temperature of 257.0 – 268.2°C, charring temperature of 281.4 – 291.6°C, water absorption capacity of 71%, pH of 5.6, foam and emulsion capacities of 2.8% and 8.17% respectively. The proximate analysis (%) was found to be: fat – 2.3, ash – 0.24, protein – 0.18, moisture – 8.67 and carbohydrates – 88.61. XRD scan (a gonio (2Θ) scan) of the starch sample at 10°C – 100°C 2Θ angle established the organic nature of the starch. Analysis of the starch sample by XRD gave amylose to be 28% and amylopectin to be 72%. The α-amylose of the starch had an orthorhombic crystal system with a high purity rate. The spectral revealed peak positions at 2Θ positions of 11.3189°, 14.9662°, 17.0105°, 17.8645°, 22.8843°, 26.4595° and 30.2574° corresponding to a Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) (2Θ) of 0.6593°, 0.5274°, 0.5274°, 0.3296°, 0.7252°, 0.6593° and 0.7911° respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the starch to be of high purity and quality with a score of 83% on the ICDD database. Applicability in composite materials studies showed a high level of compatibility as binder/filler materials within the matrix and fiber materials employed. Generally, the values obtained from the characterization of tigernut starch showed that it has high potential for industrial applications especially but not limited to use as biomaterials in composites, food, textile and pharmaceutical industries.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15
Page(s)	37-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tigernut, Starch, Physicochemical, XRD, Hybrid Composite, Binder/Filler, Biomaterial

References

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[3]	Burkill, H.M., "The useful Plants of West Tropical Africa" 2nd Edition, Kew Publishing Company, Great Britian, 1985.
[4]	Belewu, M.A., Abodunin, O.A., "Preparation of kunnu from unexploited rich food source: Tigernut (cyperus esculentus). Pakistan J. Nutr. 2008,7, 109-111.
[5]	Defelice, M.S., Yellow nutsedge cyperus esculentus L.- Snacks food of the gods. Weed Technol. 2002, 16, 901-907.
[6]	Adejujitan, J.A., Otunola, E.T., Akande, E.A., Bolarinwa, I.F., Oladokun, F.M.,: Some physicochemical properties of flour obtained from fermentation of tigernut (cyperus esculentus) sourced from Ogbomosho, Nigeria, Afr.J.Food Sci., 2009,3, 51-55.
[7]	Turesson,H., Marttila, S., Gustavsson, K., Hofvander, P., et. al., Characterization of oil and starch accumulation in tubers of cyperus esculentus var, sativus (cyperus): A novel model system to study oil reserves in nonseed tissues. Am.J.Bot, 2010, 97, 1884-1893.
[8]	Linssen, J.P.H., Cozijnsen, J.I., Pilnik, W., Chufa: Cyperus esculentus: A new source of dietary fibre. J. Agric. Food Sci. 1989, 49, 291-296.
[9]	Manek, R.V., Builders, P.F., Kolling, W.M., Emeje, M., Kunle, O.O.: Physicochemical and binder properties of starch obtained from cyperus esculentus AAPS. Pharmscitech. 2012, 13, 379-388.
[10]	Philip F. Builders. Chukwuemeka C. Mbah., Kenneth K. Adama., and Momoh M. Audu. "Effects of ph on the physicochemical and binder properties of tigernut starch". Starch/starke 2013, 65, 1-13.
[11]	AOAC (1990). Official methods of Analysis.15th Ed, Association of official analytical chemists. Washington D.C, pp: 808,831-835.
[12]	Afolayan, Michael O., Omojola, Moses O., Orijajogun, Joyce O., Thomas, Sunday A. (2012): Further physicochemical characterization of Anchomanes difformis starch. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 3(1): 31 –38.
[13]	Omojola M. O., Akinkunmi Y. O., Olufunsho K. O., Egharevba H. O. And Martins E. O. (2010): Isolation and physico-chemical characterization of cola starch; African Journal of food, agriculture, nutrition and development. 10(7):2884 – 2900.
[14]	Attama A. A., Nnamani P. O., Mbonu I. K. and Adiku M. U. (2003): Effect of hypochlorite oxidation on the physicochemical properties of gladiolus starch; Journal of Pharm and allied Science 1 (1) 28-35.
[15]	Coursey D. G. And Rasper V. (1967): Properties of starches of some west African yams; J. Sci. Food Agric., 18: 240 – 248.
[16]	Chowdary K. P. R. & Enturi V. (2011): Preparation, characterization and evaluation of starch citrate- a new modified starch as a disintegrant in tablet formulations; International Journal of Pharm. Research and Development 12 (2) 9 – 17.
[17]	Nuwamanya E., Baguma Y., Emmambux N., Taylor J. and Rubaihayo P. (2010): Physicochemical and functional characteristics of cassava starch in Ugandan varieties and their progenies; Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 2 (1) 001 – 011.

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Adama Kenneth K., Afolayan Michael O., Oberafo Anthony A., Thomas Sunday. (2014). Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(2), 37-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15

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ACS Style

Adama Kenneth K.; Afolayan Michael O.; Oberafo Anthony A.; Thomas Sunday. Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(2), 37-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15

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AMA Style

Adama Kenneth K., Afolayan Michael O., Oberafo Anthony A., Thomas Sunday. Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(2):37-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15,
  author = {Adama Kenneth K. and Afolayan Michael O. and Oberafo Anthony A. and Thomas Sunday},
  title = {Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140302.15},
  abstract = {Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) seeds were examined for its starch composition and applicability as biomaterial in hybrid composite materials development. The physicochemical properties of the starch extracted were then compared with standard industrial maize starch. The starch was isolated using 1% w/v sodium metabisulphite solution and the obtained starch was found to be a brilliant white, crystalline, non- hygroscopic powder with yield of about 21%. The starch percentage solubility at 90°C was 2.36 with a swelling power of 13.7 and gelatinization temperature of 66°C. It had a browning temperature of 257.0 – 268.2°C, charring temperature of 281.4 – 291.6°C, water absorption capacity of 71%, pH of 5.6, foam and emulsion capacities of 2.8% and 8.17% respectively. The proximate analysis (%) was found to be: fat – 2.3, ash – 0.24, protein – 0.18, moisture – 8.67 and carbohydrates – 88.61. XRD scan (a gonio (2Θ) scan) of the starch sample at 10°C – 100°C 2Θ angle established the organic nature of the starch. Analysis of the starch sample by XRD gave amylose to be 28% and amylopectin to be 72%. The α-amylose of the starch had an orthorhombic crystal system with a high purity rate. The spectral revealed peak positions at 2Θ positions of 11.3189°, 14.9662°, 17.0105°, 17.8645°, 22.8843°, 26.4595° and 30.2574° corresponding to a Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) (2Θ) of 0.6593°, 0.5274°, 0.5274°, 0.3296°, 0.7252°, 0.6593° and 0.7911° respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the starch to be of high purity and quality with a score of 83% on the ICDD database. Applicability in composite materials studies showed a high level of compatibility as binder/filler materials within the matrix and fiber materials employed. Generally, the values obtained from the characterization of tigernut starch showed that it has high potential for industrial applications especially but not limited to use as biomaterials in composites, food, textile and pharmaceutical industries.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial
AU - Adama Kenneth K.
AU - Afolayan Michael O.
AU - Oberafo Anthony A.
AU - Thomas Sunday
Y1 - 2014/03/10
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15
DO - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15
T2 - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP - 37
EP - 41
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-2643
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15
AB - Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) seeds were examined for its starch composition and applicability as biomaterial in hybrid composite materials development. The physicochemical properties of the starch extracted were then compared with standard industrial maize starch. The starch was isolated using 1% w/v sodium metabisulphite solution and the obtained starch was found to be a brilliant white, crystalline, non- hygroscopic powder with yield of about 21%. The starch percentage solubility at 90°C was 2.36 with a swelling power of 13.7 and gelatinization temperature of 66°C. It had a browning temperature of 257.0 – 268.2°C, charring temperature of 281.4 – 291.6°C, water absorption capacity of 71%, pH of 5.6, foam and emulsion capacities of 2.8% and 8.17% respectively. The proximate analysis (%) was found to be: fat – 2.3, ash – 0.24, protein – 0.18, moisture – 8.67 and carbohydrates – 88.61. XRD scan (a gonio (2Θ) scan) of the starch sample at 10°C – 100°C 2Θ angle established the organic nature of the starch. Analysis of the starch sample by XRD gave amylose to be 28% and amylopectin to be 72%. The α-amylose of the starch had an orthorhombic crystal system with a high purity rate. The spectral revealed peak positions at 2Θ positions of 11.3189°, 14.9662°, 17.0105°, 17.8645°, 22.8843°, 26.4595° and 30.2574° corresponding to a Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) (2Θ) of 0.6593°, 0.5274°, 0.5274°, 0.3296°, 0.7252°, 0.6593° and 0.7911° respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the starch to be of high purity and quality with a score of 83% on the ICDD database. Applicability in composite materials studies showed a high level of compatibility as binder/filler materials within the matrix and fiber materials employed. Generally, the values obtained from the characterization of tigernut starch showed that it has high potential for industrial applications especially but not limited to use as biomaterials in composites, food, textile and pharmaceutical industries.
VL - 3
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Adama Kenneth K.

Physics Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science & Technology Complex, Abuja, Nigeria
Afolayan Michael O.

Chemistry Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science & Technology Complex, Abuja, Nigeria
Oberafo Anthony A.

Physics Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science & Technology Complex, Abuja, Nigeria
Thomas Sunday

Chemistry Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science & Technology Complex, Abuja, Nigeria

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APA Style

Adama Kenneth K., Afolayan Michael O., Oberafo Anthony A., Thomas Sunday. (2014). Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(2), 37-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15

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ACS Style

Adama Kenneth K.; Afolayan Michael O.; Oberafo Anthony A.; Thomas Sunday. Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(2), 37-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15

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AMA Style

Adama Kenneth K., Afolayan Michael O., Oberafo Anthony A., Thomas Sunday. Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(2):37-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15,
  author = {Adama Kenneth K. and Afolayan Michael O. and Oberafo Anthony A. and Thomas Sunday},
  title = {Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) Starch as a Potential Industrial Biomaterial},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140302.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140302.15},
  abstract = {Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) seeds were examined for its starch composition and applicability as biomaterial in hybrid composite materials development. The physicochemical properties of the starch extracted were then compared with standard industrial maize starch. The starch was isolated using 1% w/v sodium metabisulphite solution and the obtained starch was found to be a brilliant white, crystalline, non- hygroscopic powder with yield of about 21%. The starch percentage solubility at 90°C was 2.36 with a swelling power of 13.7 and gelatinization temperature of 66°C. It had a browning temperature of 257.0 – 268.2°C, charring temperature of 281.4 – 291.6°C, water absorption capacity of 71%, pH of 5.6, foam and emulsion capacities of 2.8% and 8.17% respectively. The proximate analysis (%) was found to be: fat – 2.3, ash – 0.24, protein – 0.18, moisture – 8.67 and carbohydrates – 88.61. XRD scan (a gonio (2Θ) scan) of the starch sample at 10°C – 100°C 2Θ angle established the organic nature of the starch. Analysis of the starch sample by XRD gave amylose to be 28% and amylopectin to be 72%. The α-amylose of the starch had an orthorhombic crystal system with a high purity rate. The spectral revealed peak positions at 2Θ positions of 11.3189°, 14.9662°, 17.0105°, 17.8645°, 22.8843°, 26.4595° and 30.2574° corresponding to a Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) (2Θ) of 0.6593°, 0.5274°, 0.5274°, 0.3296°, 0.7252°, 0.6593° and 0.7911° respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the starch to be of high purity and quality with a score of 83% on the ICDD database. Applicability in composite materials studies showed a high level of compatibility as binder/filler materials within the matrix and fiber materials employed. Generally, the values obtained from the characterization of tigernut starch showed that it has high potential for industrial applications especially but not limited to use as biomaterials in composites, food, textile and pharmaceutical industries.},
 year = {2014}
}

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