Background: The autoimmunity associated with environmental pollutants such as heavy metals is a phenomenon that has been described previously. The aim of the present study investigated the relationship between autoimmunity and lead pollutants in a cohort of children who lived in a mining settlement. Methods: Children were studied clinically and serologically. The serum lead concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, and antinuclear antibodies were analysed by immunofluorescence, ELISA and Western blot. Results: None of the studied children displayed any autoimmune disease. The lead concentration in the control group was negligible, at 0.10 ± 011 μg. L-1. In contrast, the study group had values of 12.72 ± 0.5 μg. L-1. The differences between the groups were significant (p < 0.0001). In addition, control sera were negative for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), while the sera of children living near the mining settlement showed ANA-positive titres (p < 0.001). These autoantibodies mainly recognized antigens associated with dividing cells, such as the mitotic apparatus and centrioles. Conclusion: The present results show how metallic pollutants induce environmentally associated autoimmunity and are reflected by antinuclear antibodies. This research should prompt us to take greater caution and implement permanent monitoring to ensure a healthy environment.
| Published in | International Journal of Immunology (Volume 9, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14 |
| Page(s) | 16-21 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Autoimmunity, Autoimmune Diseases, Autoantibodies, Antinuclear Antibodies, Enviromental Pollutants, Humoral Immunity
| [1] | Ramírez-Sandoval R, Vázquez-del-Mercado M, Daneri-Navarro A, López-Robles E, Bollain-y-Goytia JJ, Avalos-Díaz E, Herrera-Esparza R (2008) Intracellular antigens released from Balb/c mice kidneys under chemically induced apoptosis and/or necrosis. Reumatismo 60: 108-113. |
| [2] | Ramírez-Sandoval R, Luévano-Rodríguez N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Pérez ME, Saldívar-Elias S, Gurrola-Carlos R, Avalos-Díaz E, Bollain-y-Goytia JJ, Herrera-Esparza R (2015) An animal model using metallic ions to produce autoimmune nephritis. J Immunol Res 2015: Article ID 269610. |
| [3] | Pollard KM, Cauvi DM, Toomey CB, Hultman P and Kono DH (2019) Mercury-induced inflammation and autoimmunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1863: 129299. |
| [4] | Hudson W, Cao L, Kasten-Jolly J, Kirkwood JN, Lawrence DA (2003) Susceptibility of lupus-prone NZM mouse strains to lead exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms. J Toxicol Environ Health. Part A 23: 895-918. |
| [5] | Gardner RM, Nyland JF, Silva IA, Ventura AM, De Souza JM, Silbergeld EK (2010) Mercury exposure, serum antinuclear/antinucleolar antibodies, and serum cytokine levels in mining populations in Amazonian Brazil: A cross-Sectional study. Enviromental Research 110: 345-354. |
| [6] | González-Dávila O, Gómez-Bernal JM, Ruiz-Huerta EA (2012) Plants and soil contamination with heavy metals in agricultural areas of Guadalupe, Zacatecas, México. In: Environmental Contamination. Edited by Jatin Srivastava. Chap. 3. IntechOpen Ed, Rijtena, Croatia. pp 37-50. ISBN 978-953-51-0120-8. |
| [7] | Manzanares-Acuña E, Vega-Carrillo HR, Salas-Luévano MA, Hernández-Dávila VM, Letechipía-de-León C, Bañuelos-Valenzuela R (2006) Lead levels in high-risk populations surrounding environment in San Ignacio, Fresnillo, Zacatecas, México. Salud Publica Mex 48: 212-219. |
| [8] | Lundberg IE, Tjärnlund A, Bottai M, Werth VP, Pilkington C, Visser M et al. (2017) European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups. Arthritis Rheumatol 69: 2271-82, 2017. |
| [9] | van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, Johnson SR, Baron M, Tyndall A et al (2013) 2013 Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis. An American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis Rheum 65: 2737-47. |
| [10] | Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, Brinks R, Mosca M, Ramsey-Goldman R et al (2019) 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 71: 1400-1412. |
| [11] | Kay J and Upchurch KS (2012) ACR/EULAR 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria. Rheumatology (Oxford) 51(Suppl 6): vi5-9. |
| [12] | World Health Organization (2001) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bull World Health Organ 79: 373-374. |
| [13] | World Health Organization (2010) WHO guidelines on drawing blood: best practices in phlebotomy, Chapter 6. Paediatric and neonatal blood sampling, pp 35-39, ISBN 978 92 4 159922 1, Geneva, Switzerland. |
| [14] | Abadin H, Ashizawa A, Stevens YW, Llados F, Diamond G, Sage G, Citra M, Quinones A, Bosch SJ, Swarts SG (2007) Toxicological profile for lead, U.S, Department of Health and Human Services. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Atlanta (GA). PMID: 24049859. |
| [15] | Andrada D, Pinto FG, Gonçalves C, Nunes BR, Franco MB, Borba da Silva JB (2006) Direct determination of lead in human urine and serum samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and permanent modifiers. J Braz Chem Soc 17: 328-332. |
| [16] | Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680-685. |
| [17] | Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4350-4354. |
| [18] | Rohwäder E, Locke M, Fraune J, Fechner K (2015) Diagnostic profile on IFA 40: HEp-20-10- an immunofluorescent test for reliable antinuclear antibody screening. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 15: 451-462. |
| [19] | Dellavance A, Andrade LEC Detection of autoantibodies by direct immunofluorescence cytochemistry on HEp-2 cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019: 19-46, 2019. |
| [20] | Damoiseaux J, Andrade LEC, Carballo OG, Conrad K, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ et al. (2019) Clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent patterns: the International Consensus on ANA (ICAP) perspective. Ann Rheum Dis 78: 879-889. |
| [21] | Watanabe K, Takao D, Ito KK, Takahashi M, Kitagawa D (2019) The Cep57-pericentrin module organizes PCM expansion and centriole engagement. Nat Commun 10: 931. |
| [22] | Pollard KM (2015) Environment, autoantibodies, and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 6: 60 eCollection 2015. |
| [23] | Kholodov A, K. Golokhvast K (2020) Air pollution of nature reserves near cities in Russia. Scientifica (Cairo) Article ID 9148416. eCollection 2020. |
| [24] | Pollard KM, Escalante GM, Huang H, Haraldsson K M, Hultman P, Christy JM, Pawar RD, Mayeux JM, Gonzalez-Quintial R, Baccala R, Beutler B, Theofilopoulos AN, Kono DH (2017) Induction of systemic autoimmunity by xenobiotic requires endosomal TLR trafficking and signaling from the late endosome/endolysosome but not type-I IFN. J Immunol 199: 3739-3747. |
| [25] | Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C (2011) Autoimmunity-inducing metals (Hg, Au and Ag) modulate mast cell signaling, function and survival: Curr Pharm Des 17: 3805-3814. |
APA Style
Deyanira Pacheco-Tovar, María-Guadalupe Pacheco-Tovar, Esperanza Avalos-Díaz, Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia, María-Elena Pérez-Pérez, et al. (2021). Associated Autoimmunity and Lead Exposure in Childhood. International Journal of Immunology, 9(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14
ACS Style
Deyanira Pacheco-Tovar; María-Guadalupe Pacheco-Tovar; Esperanza Avalos-Díaz; Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia; María-Elena Pérez-Pérez, et al. Associated Autoimmunity and Lead Exposure in Childhood. Int. J. Immunol. 2021, 9(1), 16-21. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14
AMA Style
Deyanira Pacheco-Tovar, María-Guadalupe Pacheco-Tovar, Esperanza Avalos-Díaz, Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia, María-Elena Pérez-Pérez, et al. Associated Autoimmunity and Lead Exposure in Childhood. Int J Immunol. 2021;9(1):16-21. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14,
author = {Deyanira Pacheco-Tovar and María-Guadalupe Pacheco-Tovar and Esperanza Avalos-Díaz and Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia and María-Elena Pérez-Pérez and Roxana Ramírez-Sandoval and Argelia López-Luna and Rafael Herrera-Esparza},
title = {Associated Autoimmunity and Lead Exposure in Childhood},
journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {16-21},
doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20210901.14},
abstract = {Background: The autoimmunity associated with environmental pollutants such as heavy metals is a phenomenon that has been described previously. The aim of the present study investigated the relationship between autoimmunity and lead pollutants in a cohort of children who lived in a mining settlement. Methods: Children were studied clinically and serologically. The serum lead concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, and antinuclear antibodies were analysed by immunofluorescence, ELISA and Western blot. Results: None of the studied children displayed any autoimmune disease. The lead concentration in the control group was negligible, at 0.10 ± 011 μg. L-1. In contrast, the study group had values of 12.72 ± 0.5 μg. L-1. The differences between the groups were significant (p < 0.0001). In addition, control sera were negative for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), while the sera of children living near the mining settlement showed ANA-positive titres (p < 0.001). These autoantibodies mainly recognized antigens associated with dividing cells, such as the mitotic apparatus and centrioles. Conclusion: The present results show how metallic pollutants induce environmentally associated autoimmunity and are reflected by antinuclear antibodies. This research should prompt us to take greater caution and implement permanent monitoring to ensure a healthy environment.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Associated Autoimmunity and Lead Exposure in Childhood AU - Deyanira Pacheco-Tovar AU - María-Guadalupe Pacheco-Tovar AU - Esperanza Avalos-Díaz AU - Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia AU - María-Elena Pérez-Pérez AU - Roxana Ramírez-Sandoval AU - Argelia López-Luna AU - Rafael Herrera-Esparza Y1 - 2021/03/26 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14 DO - 10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14 T2 - International Journal of Immunology JF - International Journal of Immunology JO - International Journal of Immunology SP - 16 EP - 21 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2329-1753 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210901.14 AB - Background: The autoimmunity associated with environmental pollutants such as heavy metals is a phenomenon that has been described previously. The aim of the present study investigated the relationship between autoimmunity and lead pollutants in a cohort of children who lived in a mining settlement. Methods: Children were studied clinically and serologically. The serum lead concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, and antinuclear antibodies were analysed by immunofluorescence, ELISA and Western blot. Results: None of the studied children displayed any autoimmune disease. The lead concentration in the control group was negligible, at 0.10 ± 011 μg. L-1. In contrast, the study group had values of 12.72 ± 0.5 μg. L-1. The differences between the groups were significant (p < 0.0001). In addition, control sera were negative for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), while the sera of children living near the mining settlement showed ANA-positive titres (p < 0.001). These autoantibodies mainly recognized antigens associated with dividing cells, such as the mitotic apparatus and centrioles. Conclusion: The present results show how metallic pollutants induce environmentally associated autoimmunity and are reflected by antinuclear antibodies. This research should prompt us to take greater caution and implement permanent monitoring to ensure a healthy environment. VL - 9 IS - 1 ER -
Email: