Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Aditi Singh; Elcim Eroglulari; Athar Aziz

doi:doi:10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12

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Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Aditi Singh, Elcim Eroglulari, Athar Aziz

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 24 July 2019 Accepted: 10 September 2019 Published: 3 June 2020

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Abstract

Calcium (Ca²⁺) is a key secondary messenger. It is responsible for the generation of intracellular signals which regulates the cellular division, differentiation and cell death. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) is maintained at a 10⁵-fold lower level than the extracellular calcium concentration. The rise in [Ca²⁺]_i induces differentiation in stem cells and this increased [Ca²⁺]_i also serves as an early indicator of cellular death by apoptosis. In haematological malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the cells are arrested in the megakaryocytic stage and are unable to differentiate into platelets. In this study, we treated two cell lines derived from CML patients-K562 and Marimo, with Ca²⁺ channel blockers (CCBs) - fendiline and BTP2. We examined the effects of CCBs on cellular differentiation and growth in the two cell lines. The [Ca²⁺]_i was found to increase with the increasing concentration of the CCBs. The morphology of the cells was then examined under a light microscope. It was observed that this increasing [Ca²⁺]_i subsequently induced differentiation in both the cell lines. Differentiation is closely linked with proliferation. At even higher concentrations (25 µM), it was observed that these CCBs led to a decline in the number of cells. Cell cycle analysis was then performed to verify if the CCBs had an apoptotic effect on the cell lines. On performing cell cycle analysis, it was concluded that these CCBs at a higher concentration triggered apoptosis in the cells. The results suggest that CCBs causes increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in the cell lines which leads to differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cells. In addition to this, these CCBs are toxic for the cells at high concentrations as they induce apoptosis in the cell lines.

Published in	International Journal of Immunology (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12
Page(s)	18-24
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Calcium, Differentiation, Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

References

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APA Style

Aditi Singh, Elcim Eroglulari, Athar Aziz. (2020). Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. International Journal of Immunology, 8(2), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12

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ACS Style

Aditi Singh; Elcim Eroglulari; Athar Aziz. Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int. J. Immunol. 2020, 8(2), 18-24. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12

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AMA Style

Aditi Singh, Elcim Eroglulari, Athar Aziz. Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int J Immunol. 2020;8(2):18-24. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12,
  author = {Aditi Singh and Elcim Eroglulari and Athar Aziz},
  title = {Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20200802.12},
  abstract = {Calcium (Ca2+) is a key secondary messenger. It is responsible for the generation of intracellular signals which regulates the cellular division, differentiation and cell death. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is maintained at a 105-fold lower level than the extracellular calcium concentration. The rise in [Ca2+]i induces differentiation in stem cells and this increased [Ca2+]i also serves as an early indicator of cellular death by apoptosis. In haematological malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the cells are arrested in the megakaryocytic stage and are unable to differentiate into platelets. In this study, we treated two cell lines derived from CML patients-K562 and Marimo, with Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) - fendiline and BTP2. We examined the effects of CCBs on cellular differentiation and growth in the two cell lines. The [Ca2+]i was found to increase with the increasing concentration of the CCBs. The morphology of the cells was then examined under a light microscope. It was observed that this increasing [Ca2+]i subsequently induced differentiation in both the cell lines. Differentiation is closely linked with proliferation. At even higher concentrations (25 µM), it was observed that these CCBs led to a decline in the number of cells. Cell cycle analysis was then performed to verify if the CCBs had an apoptotic effect on the cell lines. On performing cell cycle analysis, it was concluded that these CCBs at a higher concentration triggered apoptosis in the cells. The results suggest that CCBs causes increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in the cell lines which leads to differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cells. In addition to this, these CCBs are toxic for the cells at high concentrations as they induce apoptosis in the cell lines.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
AU - Aditi Singh
AU - Elcim Eroglulari
AU - Athar Aziz
Y1 - 2020/06/03
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12
DO - 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12
T2 - International Journal of Immunology
JF - International Journal of Immunology
JO - International Journal of Immunology
SP - 18
EP - 24
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2329-1753
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12
AB - Calcium (Ca2+) is a key secondary messenger. It is responsible for the generation of intracellular signals which regulates the cellular division, differentiation and cell death. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is maintained at a 105-fold lower level than the extracellular calcium concentration. The rise in [Ca2+]i induces differentiation in stem cells and this increased [Ca2+]i also serves as an early indicator of cellular death by apoptosis. In haematological malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the cells are arrested in the megakaryocytic stage and are unable to differentiate into platelets. In this study, we treated two cell lines derived from CML patients-K562 and Marimo, with Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) - fendiline and BTP2. We examined the effects of CCBs on cellular differentiation and growth in the two cell lines. The [Ca2+]i was found to increase with the increasing concentration of the CCBs. The morphology of the cells was then examined under a light microscope. It was observed that this increasing [Ca2+]i subsequently induced differentiation in both the cell lines. Differentiation is closely linked with proliferation. At even higher concentrations (25 µM), it was observed that these CCBs led to a decline in the number of cells. Cell cycle analysis was then performed to verify if the CCBs had an apoptotic effect on the cell lines. On performing cell cycle analysis, it was concluded that these CCBs at a higher concentration triggered apoptosis in the cells. The results suggest that CCBs causes increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in the cell lines which leads to differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cells. In addition to this, these CCBs are toxic for the cells at high concentrations as they induce apoptosis in the cell lines.
VL - 8
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Aditi Singh

Laboratory of Translational Medicine, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
Elcim Eroglulari

Laboratory of Translational Medicine, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
Athar Aziz

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, UK

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APA Style

Aditi Singh, Elcim Eroglulari, Athar Aziz. (2020). Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. International Journal of Immunology, 8(2), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12

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ACS Style

Aditi Singh; Elcim Eroglulari; Athar Aziz. Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int. J. Immunol. 2020, 8(2), 18-24. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12

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AMA Style

Aditi Singh, Elcim Eroglulari, Athar Aziz. Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int J Immunol. 2020;8(2):18-24. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12,
  author = {Aditi Singh and Elcim Eroglulari and Athar Aziz},
  title = {Increase in Intracellular Calcium Concentration Induced Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20200802.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20200802.12},
  abstract = {Calcium (Ca2+) is a key secondary messenger. It is responsible for the generation of intracellular signals which regulates the cellular division, differentiation and cell death. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is maintained at a 105-fold lower level than the extracellular calcium concentration. The rise in [Ca2+]i induces differentiation in stem cells and this increased [Ca2+]i also serves as an early indicator of cellular death by apoptosis. In haematological malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the cells are arrested in the megakaryocytic stage and are unable to differentiate into platelets. In this study, we treated two cell lines derived from CML patients-K562 and Marimo, with Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) - fendiline and BTP2. We examined the effects of CCBs on cellular differentiation and growth in the two cell lines. The [Ca2+]i was found to increase with the increasing concentration of the CCBs. The morphology of the cells was then examined under a light microscope. It was observed that this increasing [Ca2+]i subsequently induced differentiation in both the cell lines. Differentiation is closely linked with proliferation. At even higher concentrations (25 µM), it was observed that these CCBs led to a decline in the number of cells. Cell cycle analysis was then performed to verify if the CCBs had an apoptotic effect on the cell lines. On performing cell cycle analysis, it was concluded that these CCBs at a higher concentration triggered apoptosis in the cells. The results suggest that CCBs causes increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in the cell lines which leads to differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cells. In addition to this, these CCBs are toxic for the cells at high concentrations as they induce apoptosis in the cell lines.},
 year = {2020}
}

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