The inrush current is a transient current that results from a sudden change in the exciting voltage across a transformer’s windings. It may cause inadvertent operation of the protective relay system and necessitate strengthening of the transformer’s mechanical structure. Many methods were reported in the literatures for reduction and mitigation of transformer inrush currents. This paper represents a study of techniques that have been proposed for transformer inrush current mitigation. A new, simple and low cost technique to reduce inrush currents caused by transformer energization is presented here. In this method, a controlled switching approach with a grounding resistor connected to transformer neutral point and a magnetic flux shunt is used. By energizing each phase of the transformer in sequence, the neutral resistor behaves as a series-inserted resistor and thereby significantly reduces the inrush currents. The dimensions of the magnetic flux shunts are chosen such that the inrush current amplitude is further reduced. The proposed method has been tested by computer simulation using 2-D FEM (two-dimensional finite element method) by Maxwell software. The obtained results show that the proposed method is efficient in reduction of transformer inrush current and is much less expensive since there is only one resistor involved and the resistor carries only a small neutral current in steady-state.
| Published in | International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13 |
| Page(s) | 46-53 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Transformer, Inrush Current Mitigation, FEM, Modeling, Magnetic Flux Shunts
| [1] | Neves W., Fernandes Jr. D., Baltar F. J. A., A Comparative Investigation of Electromechanical Stresses on Transformers Caused by Inrush and Short-Circuit Currents, International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation (EPQU), 17-19 Oct. 2011. |
| [2] | Adly, A.A, Computation of Inrush Current Forces on Trans-former Windings, IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, VOL. 37, NO. 4, pp. 2855-2858, JULY 2001. |
| [3] | Hongkui Li, Yan Li, Xi Sun, Dongxu Li, Youteng Jing, Analysis of Three-Phase Power Transformer Windings Forces Caused by Magnetic Inrush and Short-Circuit Currents, Proceedings of 2009 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, Chengdu, pp.233-236, China, September 25-27, 2009. |
| [4] | Suhag P. Patel, P.E., Fundamentals of Transformer Inrush, 64th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 11-14 April 2011. PP. 290-300. |
| [5] | Li-Cheng Wu, Chih-Wen Liu, Shih-En Chien, Ching-Shan Chen, The Effect of Inrush Current on Transformer Protection, 38th North American Power Symposium, 2006, PP. 449-456. |
| [6] | Kyeon Hur, Surya Santoso, Analysis and Modeling of Dy-namic Overvoltage Phenomena due to Transformer Energizing, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 12-16 June 2005, PP. 1126-1130. |
| [7] | Mukesh Nagpal, Terrence G. Martinich, Ali Moshref, Kip Morison, and P. Kundur, Assessing and Limiting Impact of Transformer Inrush Current on Power Quality, IEEE Trans-action on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 890-896, APRIL 2006. |
| [8] | Mojtaba Khederzadeh, Power Quality Enhancement by TCSC Application to Mitigate the Impact of Transformer Inrush Current, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2008. PP. 1-5. |
| [9] | Y. Cui, G. Abdulsalam, S. Chen, and W. Xu, A sequential phase energization technique for transformer inrush current reduction-Part I: Simulation and experimental results, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 943–949, Apr. 2005. |
| [10] | J. F. Chen, T. J. Liang, C. K. Cheng, S. D. Chen, R. L. Lin, and W. H. Yang, Asymmetrical winding configuration to reduce inrush current with appropriate short-circuit current in transformer, IEE Proceedings -Electric Power Applications, May 2005, PP. 605-611. |
| [11] | Hun-Chul Seo, Chul-Hwan Kim, Sang-Bong Rhee, Jae-Chul Kim, and Ok-Bae HyunV, Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Application for Reduction of the Transformer Inrush Current: A Decision Scheme of the Optimal Insertion Resis-tance, IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 20, No. 4, PP. 2255-2263, AUGUST 2010. |
| [12] | Nicola Chiesa and Hans Kristian Hoidalen, Novel Approach for Reducing Transformer Inrush Currents: Laboratory Measurements, Analytical Interpretation and Simulation Studies, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 2609-2616, OCTOBER 2010. |
| [13] | C. K. Cheng, T. J. Liang, J. F. Chen, S. D. Chen, and W. H. Yang, Novel approach to reducing the inrush current of a power transformer, Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., Elect. Power Appl., vol. 151, no. 3, PP. 289–295, May 2004. |
| [14] | Sami G. Abdulsalam, and Wilsun Xu, A Sequential Phase Energization Method for Transformer Inrush Current Re-duction-Transient Performance and Practical Considerations, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 22, No. 1, PP. 208-216, JANUARY 2007. |
| [15] | Duan xiongying, Huangzhihui, Liao minfu and Zou jiyan, Controlled Vacuum Circuit Breaker for Transformer Inrush Current Minimization, XXIII-rd International Symposium On Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum , Bucharest, 2008. |
| [16] | K. P. Basu and Ali Asghar, Reduction of Magnetizing Inrush Current in a Delta Connected Transformer, 2nd IEEE Inter-national Conference on Power and Energy, PP. 35-38, De-cember 1-3, 2008, Johor Baharu, Malaysia. |
| [17] | Yu-Hsing Chen, Chang-Yi Lin, Jhao-Ming Chen, and Po-Tai Cheng, An Inrush Mitigation Technique of Load Trans-formers for the Series Voltage Sag Compensator, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 8, PP. 2211-2221, AUGUST 2010. |
| [18] | F. Fard Ali Asghar, and K. P. Basu, Reduction of three-phase transformer magnetizing inrush current by use of point on wave switching, proceedings of 2009 IEEE Student Conference On Research and Development, PP. 368-370, 16-18 Nov. 2009, Malaysia. |
| [19] | Miroslav Novak, Elimination of three-phase transformer inrush current through core forced magnetization and si-multaneous closing, International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), 2009, PP. 1-4. |
| [20] | Gholamabas M.H. Hajivar, S.S. Mortazavi, Mohsen Saniei, The Neutral Grounding Resistor Sizing Using an Analytical Method Based on Nonlinear Transformer Model for Inrush Current Mitigation, UPEC2010, 31st Aug - 3rd Sept 2010. |
| [21] | Baris Kovan, Francisco de León, Dariusz Czarkowski, Zivan Zabar, and Leo Birenbaum, Mitigation of Inrush Currents in Network Transformers by Reducing the Residual Flux With an Ultra-Low-Frequency Power Source , IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 1563-1570, JULY 2011. |
| [22] | S. V. Kulkarni and S. A. Khaparde, Transformer engineering: design and practice, ser. Power engineering. New York, N.Y.: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2004, 476 pages. |
| [23] | Ramsis girgis, Inrush current turorial session, IEEE standards transformer committee, Orlando, Florida, 2001. |
| [24] | P. C. Y. Ling and A. Basak, Investigation of magnetizing inrush current in a single-phase transformer, IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, vol. 24, no. 6, PP. 3217–3222, Nov. 1988. |
| [25] | M. Tarafdar Hagh and M. Abapour, DC reactor type trans-former inrush current limiter, IET, Electric Power Application, 2007, Vol. 1, Issue. 5, PP. 808–814. |
| [26] | Gaowa Wuyun, dichen Liu, and Po Li, Calculation of Residual Flux Based on Preisach Model and Entering Phase control of transformer to eliminate Inrush Current, the 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics, 1-4 Aug. 2006, pp.396-401. |
| [27] | S. Jamali Arand, K. Abbaszadeh, The Study of Magnetic Flux Shunts Effects on the Leakage Reactance of Transformers via FEM, Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 47-52, September 2010. |
| [28] | J. F. Holcomb, Distribution transformer magnetizing inrush current, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part III (Power Apparatus and Systems), vol. 80, no. 57, pp. 697–702, Dec. 1961. |
APA Style
S. Jamali Arand, M. Saeedi, S. Masoudi. (2013). Transformer Inrush Current Mitigation Using Controlled Switching and Magnetic Flux Shunts. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 2(2), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13
ACS Style
S. Jamali Arand; M. Saeedi; S. Masoudi. Transformer Inrush Current Mitigation Using Controlled Switching and Magnetic Flux Shunts. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2013, 2(2), 46-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13
AMA Style
S. Jamali Arand, M. Saeedi, S. Masoudi. Transformer Inrush Current Mitigation Using Controlled Switching and Magnetic Flux Shunts. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2013;2(2):46-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13,
author = {S. Jamali Arand and M. Saeedi and S. Masoudi},
title = {Transformer Inrush Current Mitigation Using Controlled Switching and Magnetic Flux Shunts},
journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {46-53},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.20130202.13},
abstract = {The inrush current is a transient current that results from a sudden change in the exciting voltage across a transformer’s windings. It may cause inadvertent operation of the protective relay system and necessitate strengthening of the transformer’s mechanical structure. Many methods were reported in the literatures for reduction and mitigation of transformer inrush currents. This paper represents a study of techniques that have been proposed for transformer inrush current mitigation. A new, simple and low cost technique to reduce inrush currents caused by transformer energization is presented here. In this method, a controlled switching approach with a grounding resistor connected to transformer neutral point and a magnetic flux shunt is used. By energizing each phase of the transformer in sequence, the neutral resistor behaves as a series-inserted resistor and thereby significantly reduces the inrush currents. The dimensions of the magnetic flux shunts are chosen such that the inrush current amplitude is further reduced. The proposed method has been tested by computer simulation using 2-D FEM (two-dimensional finite element method) by Maxwell software. The obtained results show that the proposed method is efficient in reduction of transformer inrush current and is much less expensive since there is only one resistor involved and the resistor carries only a small neutral current in steady-state.},
year = {2013}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Transformer Inrush Current Mitigation Using Controlled Switching and Magnetic Flux Shunts AU - S. Jamali Arand AU - M. Saeedi AU - S. Masoudi Y1 - 2013/04/02 PY - 2013 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13 T2 - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering JF - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering JO - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering SP - 46 EP - 53 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2326-960X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20130202.13 AB - The inrush current is a transient current that results from a sudden change in the exciting voltage across a transformer’s windings. It may cause inadvertent operation of the protective relay system and necessitate strengthening of the transformer’s mechanical structure. Many methods were reported in the literatures for reduction and mitigation of transformer inrush currents. This paper represents a study of techniques that have been proposed for transformer inrush current mitigation. A new, simple and low cost technique to reduce inrush currents caused by transformer energization is presented here. In this method, a controlled switching approach with a grounding resistor connected to transformer neutral point and a magnetic flux shunt is used. By energizing each phase of the transformer in sequence, the neutral resistor behaves as a series-inserted resistor and thereby significantly reduces the inrush currents. The dimensions of the magnetic flux shunts are chosen such that the inrush current amplitude is further reduced. The proposed method has been tested by computer simulation using 2-D FEM (two-dimensional finite element method) by Maxwell software. The obtained results show that the proposed method is efficient in reduction of transformer inrush current and is much less expensive since there is only one resistor involved and the resistor carries only a small neutral current in steady-state. VL - 2 IS - 2 ER -
Email: