Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration

Filippo Azzaro

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17

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Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration

Filippo Azzaro

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 6)

Received: 4 November 2013 Published: 10 December 2013

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Abstract

The Nutrient Probe Analyser-4 (NPA-4) is an automatic chemical analyser for “in-situ” and continuous measurements, based on a new improvement of the exclusive analytical technology developed by Systea and named LFA (Loop Flow Analysis); LFA has permitted levels never reached before in analytical automation and in analyser miniaturisation. With NPA-4 probes, it is possible to analyse directly in the water up to four parameters with the same instrument, using a particular configuration of LFA technology, which allows the sequential analysis of more than one analytical method in a single analytical reactor (30 minutes for a complete 4 parameters cycle). It has been conceived to execute ammonium, nitrate-nitrite, nitrite and orthophosphate analysis at low concentration in sea water samples. The hermetic closed Loop provides full protection against background interference, a basic requirement for stable trace analysis. At the start of a cycle the loop is washed and filled with sample. The sample colour is measured for compensation. Small amounts of concentrated reagents are added and mixed with high intensity. The intensity of the colour of the reaction product is measured one or two colorimetric dual beam with silicon detector, depending on requested methods. The standard wet chemistries for nutrients analysis used in NPA-4 are the ones recommended by international standard The statistical test show that the results of automated and manual analyses agree for all the examined parameters. Precision of all four analyses is ≤ 3 % RSD. The Limit of detection of 5, 5, 2.5 and 2.5 µg/L were reported for N-NH4, N-NO3, N-NO2 and P-PO4, respectively. Multiparametric on line analyzer: it is possible to connect to a data logger with analogue and digital signals, in order to have on line simultaneous analysis of the sample. A typical application is on line analysis of seawater on an oceanographic research buoy (Max -5m). It does not require any operator.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17
Page(s)	315-322
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Seawater, Ammonia, Nitrates, Nitrites, Orthophosphate, Colorimetric Techniques

References

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[3]	Y. Hiray, N. Yoza, S. Ohashi, Flow injection analysis of inorganic ortho and poly-phosphate using ascorbic acid as reductant of molybdophosphate. Chem. Lett., 1980, 5, 499-502.
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[5]	K.S. Johnson, R.L. Petty, Determination of nitrate and nitrite in seawater by flow injection analisis. Oceanogr. Limnol. 1983. 28, 1260-1266.
[6]	S.M Oliveira., T.I. Marques Da Silva Lopes, I.V. Tóth, A.O. Santos Silva, Rangel, Determination of ammonium in marine waters using a gas diffusion multicommuted flow injection system with in-line prevention of metal hydroxides precipitation. J. Environ. Monit., 2009. 11, 228-234
[7]	R. Vuillemin, D. Le Roux, P. Dorval, K. Bucas, J. P. Sudreau, M. Hamon, C. Le Gall, P M. Sarradin,. CHEMINI: A new in situ CHEmical MINIaturized analyzer Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2009, 56, 1391-1399.
[8]	F. Azzaro, E.. Crisafi, G. Magazzù, F. Oliva, A. Puglisi, Un nuovo fotometro automatico per la determinazione di nutrienti da boa Oceanografica. In: Atti "Workshop: Il monitoraggio automatico dell'inquinamento marino". Taranto, Italy. 1994., pp 213-226.
[9]	F. Azzaro, M. Galletta,. Automatic colorimetric analyzer prototype for high frequency measurement of nutrients in seawater. Mar. Chem., 2006, 99, 191-198.
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[11]	R. Vuillemin, L. Sanfilippo, P. Moscetta, L. Zudaire, E. Carbones, E. Maria, C. Tricoire, L. Oriol, S. Blain, N. Le Bris, P. Lebaron, Continuous Nutrient automated monitoring on the Mediterranean Sea using in situ flow analyser. OCEANS 2009, MTS/IEEE Biloxi - Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local Challenges, 26-29 Oct. 2009, Biloxi, USA
[12]	J.D.H. Strickland, T.R. Parsons, A practical handbook of seawate analysis: Bull. Fish. Res. Ed. Can. 1972, 167, 1-311.
[13]	K. Grasshoff, "Methods of seawater analysis," with contributions by A. Almgreen, R.Dawson, M.Erhardt, S.H. Fonselius, B.Josefsson, F.Koroleff and K. Kremling, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1976, 1-317.
[14]	N. Cardellicchio, M. Luzzana, Messa a punto di un prototipo di analizzatore colorimetrico programmabile per la determinazione automatica dei nutrienti in acqua di mare. Atti del Seminario Tecnico Scientifico del Progetto Strategico "Monitoraggio automatico dell’Inquinamento Marino nel Mezzogiorno" Lecce Italy, 1993, pp 137-158.
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Filippo Azzaro. (2013). Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(6), 315-322. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17

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ACS Style

Filippo Azzaro. Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(6), 315-322. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17

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AMA Style

Filippo Azzaro. Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(6):315-322. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17,
  author = {Filippo Azzaro},
  title = {Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {6},
  pages = {315-322},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130106.17},
  abstract = {The Nutrient Probe Analyser-4 (NPA-4) is an automatic chemical analyser for “in-situ” and continuous measurements, based on a new improvement of the exclusive analytical technology developed by Systea and named LFA (Loop Flow Analysis); LFA has permitted levels never reached before in analytical automation and in analyser miniaturisation. With NPA-4 probes, it is possible to analyse directly in the water up to four parameters with the same instrument, using a particular configuration of LFA technology, which allows the sequential analysis of more than one analytical method in a single analytical reactor (30 minutes for a complete 4 parameters cycle). It has been conceived to execute ammonium, nitrate-nitrite, nitrite and orthophosphate analysis at low concentration in sea water samples. The hermetic closed Loop provides full protection against background interference, a basic requirement for stable trace analysis. At the start of a cycle the loop is washed and filled with sample. The sample colour is measured for compensation. Small amounts of concentrated reagents are added and mixed with high intensity. The intensity of the colour of the reaction product is measured one or two colorimetric dual beam with silicon detector, depending on requested methods. The standard wet chemistries for nutrients analysis used in NPA-4 are the ones recommended by international standard The statistical test show that the results of automated and manual analyses agree for all the examined parameters. Precision of all four analyses is ≤ 3 % RSD. The Limit of detection of 5, 5, 2.5 and 2.5 µg/L were reported for N-NH4, N-NO3, N-NO2 and P-PO4, respectively. Multiparametric on line analyzer: it is possible to connect to a data logger with analogue and digital signals, in order to have on line simultaneous analysis of the sample. A typical application is on line analysis of seawater on an oceanographic research buoy (Max -5m). It does not require any operator.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration
AU - Filippo Azzaro
Y1 - 2013/12/10
PY - 2013
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17
DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17
T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP - 315
EP - 322
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7667
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17
AB - The Nutrient Probe Analyser-4 (NPA-4) is an automatic chemical analyser for “in-situ” and continuous measurements, based on a new improvement of the exclusive analytical technology developed by Systea and named LFA (Loop Flow Analysis); LFA has permitted levels never reached before in analytical automation and in analyser miniaturisation. With NPA-4 probes, it is possible to analyse directly in the water up to four parameters with the same instrument, using a particular configuration of LFA technology, which allows the sequential analysis of more than one analytical method in a single analytical reactor (30 minutes for a complete 4 parameters cycle). It has been conceived to execute ammonium, nitrate-nitrite, nitrite and orthophosphate analysis at low concentration in sea water samples. The hermetic closed Loop provides full protection against background interference, a basic requirement for stable trace analysis. At the start of a cycle the loop is washed and filled with sample. The sample colour is measured for compensation. Small amounts of concentrated reagents are added and mixed with high intensity. The intensity of the colour of the reaction product is measured one or two colorimetric dual beam with silicon detector, depending on requested methods. The standard wet chemistries for nutrients analysis used in NPA-4 are the ones recommended by international standard The statistical test show that the results of automated and manual analyses agree for all the examined parameters. Precision of all four analyses is ≤ 3 % RSD. The Limit of detection of 5, 5, 2.5 and 2.5 µg/L were reported for N-NH4, N-NO3, N-NO2 and P-PO4, respectively. Multiparametric on line analyzer: it is possible to connect to a data logger with analogue and digital signals, in order to have on line simultaneous analysis of the sample. A typical application is on line analysis of seawater on an oceanographic research buoy (Max -5m). It does not require any operator.
VL - 1
IS - 6
ER -

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Filippo Azzaro

National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment, Detached Unit of Messina Spianata S. Raineri Messina, Italy

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Filippo Azzaro. (2013). Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(6), 315-322. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17

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ACS Style

Filippo Azzaro. Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(6), 315-322. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17

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AMA Style

Filippo Azzaro. Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(6):315-322. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17,
  author = {Filippo Azzaro},
  title = {Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {6},
  pages = {315-322},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130106.17},
  abstract = {The Nutrient Probe Analyser-4 (NPA-4) is an automatic chemical analyser for “in-situ” and continuous measurements, based on a new improvement of the exclusive analytical technology developed by Systea and named LFA (Loop Flow Analysis); LFA has permitted levels never reached before in analytical automation and in analyser miniaturisation. With NPA-4 probes, it is possible to analyse directly in the water up to four parameters with the same instrument, using a particular configuration of LFA technology, which allows the sequential analysis of more than one analytical method in a single analytical reactor (30 minutes for a complete 4 parameters cycle). It has been conceived to execute ammonium, nitrate-nitrite, nitrite and orthophosphate analysis at low concentration in sea water samples. The hermetic closed Loop provides full protection against background interference, a basic requirement for stable trace analysis. At the start of a cycle the loop is washed and filled with sample. The sample colour is measured for compensation. Small amounts of concentrated reagents are added and mixed with high intensity. The intensity of the colour of the reaction product is measured one or two colorimetric dual beam with silicon detector, depending on requested methods. The standard wet chemistries for nutrients analysis used in NPA-4 are the ones recommended by international standard The statistical test show that the results of automated and manual analyses agree for all the examined parameters. Precision of all four analyses is ≤ 3 % RSD. The Limit of detection of 5, 5, 2.5 and 2.5 µg/L were reported for N-NH4, N-NO3, N-NO2 and P-PO4, respectively. Multiparametric on line analyzer: it is possible to connect to a data logger with analogue and digital signals, in order to have on line simultaneous analysis of the sample. A typical application is on line analysis of seawater on an oceanographic research buoy (Max -5m). It does not require any operator.},
 year = {2013}
}

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