Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan

Nayab Fatima; Shahid Iqbal; Sadaf Younis Akhwand; Muhammad Suleman; Muhammad Ibrahim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14

| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan

Nayab Fatima, Shahid Iqbal, Sadaf Younis Akhwand, Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Ibrahim

Published in International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 7 January 2015 Accepted: 15 January 2015 Published: 27 January 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The objective of this research is to further determine the gender differences while controlling the effect of selected variables on job satisfaction using data gathered from employees working in the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and public sector schools of selected Districts of Southern Punjab. This research was based on primary data which was collected from 90 employees (45 females and 45 males) working with the Ngo’s and Schools. The research results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between selected independent variables with dependent variable. The research results also indicated that in Pakistan, male employees are more satisfied with their jobs as compared to female employees. This study is helpful for management to revise their policies to eliminate the differences of job benefits for males and females in order to increase the job satisfaction of female employees.

Published in	International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14
Page(s)	27-33
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gender, Job Condition, Management Condition, Personal Fulfillment, Using Ability in the Job

References

[1]	Al-Ajmi, R. (2006). “The effect of gender on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Kuwait”. International Journal of Management. Vol. 23 No. 4. pp. 838-943.
[2]	Burke, R., Koyuncu, M. and Fiksenbaum, L. (2008a). “Work experiences, satisfactions and Psychological well-being of female and male managers in the hospitality sector in Turkey”. Equal Opportunities International. Vol. 27 No. 6. pp. 505-18.
[3]	Burke, R., Matthiesen, S., Einarsen, S., Fiskenbaum, L. and Soiland, V. (2008b). “Gender differences in work experiences and satisfactions of Norwegian oil rig workers”.Gender in Management: An International Journal. Vol. 23 No. 2.pp. 137-47.
[4]	Clark, A. (1996). “Job satisfaction in Britain”. British Journal of Industrial Relations. Vol. 34 No. 2. pp. 189-217.
[5]	Eskildsen, J., Kristensen, K. and Westlund, A. (2004). “Work motivation and job satisfaction in the Nordic countries”. Employee Relations. Vol. 26 Nos ½. pp. 122-36.
[6]	Frye, W. and Mount, D. (2007).“An examination of job satisfaction of general managers based on hotel size and service type”. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. Vol. 6 No. 2. pp. 109-34.
[7]	Garcia-Bernal, J., Gargallo-Castel, A., Marzo-Navarro, M. and Rivera-Torres, P. (2005). “Job satisfaction: empirical evidence of gender differences”. Women in Management Review, Vol. 20 Nos ¾. pp. 279-88.
[8]	Ghiselli, R., La Lopa, J. and Bai, B. (2001). “Job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intent among food-service managers”. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly. Vol. 42 No. 2. pp. 28-37.
[9]	Jung, K., Jae Moon, M. and Hahm, S.D. (2007). “Do age, gender, and sector affect job satisfaction? Results from the Korean labor and income panel data”. Review of Public Personnel Administration. Vol. 27 No. 2. p. 125.
[10]	Kim, S. (2005). “Gender differences in the job satisfaction of public employees: a study of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Korea”. Sex Roles. Vol. 52 Nos 9/10. pp. 667-81.
[11]	Koyuncu, M., Burke, R. and Fiksenbaum, L. (2006). “Work experience and satisfaction of male and female professors in Turkey: signs of progress?”. Equal Opportunities International. Vol. 25 No. 1. pp. 38-47.
[12]	Kusluvan, S. and Kusluvan, Z. (2000). “Perceptions and attitudes of undergraduate tourism students towards working in the tourism industry in Turkey”. Tourism Management. Vol. 21. pp. 251-69.
[13]	Li, L. and Leung, R. (2001).“Female managers in Asian hotels: profile and career challenges”. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.Vol. 13. pp. 189-96.
[14]	Linz, S. (2003). “Job satisfaction among Russian workers”. International Journal of Manpower. Vol. 24 No. 6. pp. 626-52.
[15]	Locke, E. (1969). “What is job satisfaction?”. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. Vol. 4. pp. 309-36.
[16]	McCuddy, M., Pinar, M. and Birkan, I. (2010). “Gender bias in managing human resources in the Turkish hospitality industry: is bias impacted by demographic context?”. Proceedings of ASBBS.Vol. 17 No. 1. pp. 479-93.
[17]	Mora, T. and Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. (2009). “The job satisfaction gender gap among young recent university graduates: evidence from Catalonia”. Journal of Socio-Economics.Vol. 38. pp. 581-9.
[18]	Noe, F., Uysal, M. and Magnini, V. (2010). Tourist Customer Satisfaction: An Encounter Approach. Routledge. London.
[19]	Okpara, J., Sqillace, M. and Erondu, E. (2005). “Gender differences and job satisfaction: a study of university teachers in the United States”. Women in Management Review. Vol. 20 Nos ¾. pp. 177-90.
[20]	Okumus, F., Sariisik, M. and Naipaul, S. (2010). “Understanding why women work in five-star hotels in a developing country and their work-related problems”. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. Vol. 11 No. 1. pp. 76-105.
[21]	Pavesic, D. and Brymer, R. (1990). “Job satisfaction: what’s happening to the young managers?”. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly. Vol. 30 No. 4. pp. 90-6.
[22]	Pettijohn, C., Pettijohn, L. and Taylor, A. (2004). “The relationships between food service wait staff skills, satisfaction, commitment and their levels of customer orientation”. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. Vol. 5 No. 2. pp. 43-59.
[23]	Pinar, M., McCuddy, M., Birkan, I. and Kozak, M. (2011). “Gender diversity in the hospitality industry: an empirical study in Turkey”. International Journal of Hospitality Management. Vol. 30.pp. 73-81.
[24]	Rusbult, C., Farrell, D., Rogers, G. and Mainous, A. III (1988). “Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: an integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction”. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 31 No. 3. pp. 599-627.
[25]	Ryan, C., Ghazali, H. and Mohsin, A. (2011). “Determinants of intention to leave a non-managerial job in the fast-food industry of West Malaysia”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Vol. 23 No. 3.pp. 344-60.
[26]	Schaap, J., Stedham, Y. and Yamamura, J. (2008). “Casino management: exploring gender-based differences in perceptions of managerial work”. International Journal of Hospitality Management. Vol. 27. pp. 87-97.
[27]	Schneider, B. and Snyder, R. (1975). “Some relationships between job satisfaction and organization climate”. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 60 No. 3. pp. 318-28.
[28]	Spector, P.E. (1997). Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes, and Consequences. Sage Publications. London.
[29]	Szivas, E., Riley, M. and Airey, D. (2003). “Labor mobility into tourism: attraction and satisfaction”, Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 30 No. 1.pp. 64-76.
[30]	Tuzun, I. (2009).“The impact of identification and commitment on job satisfaction: the case of a Turkish service provider”. Management Research News. Vol. 32 No. 8. pp. 728-38.
[31]	Ward, M. and Sloane, P. (2000). “Non-pecuniary advantages versus pecuniary disadvantages; jobsatisfaction among male and female academics in Scottish universities”. Scottish Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 47 No. 3. pp. 273-303.
[32]	Yang, J. (2010). “Antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction in the hotel industry”. International Journal of Hospitality Management.Vol. 29. pp. 609-19.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nayab Fatima, Shahid Iqbal, Sadaf Younis Akhwand, Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Ibrahim. (2015). Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Nayab Fatima; Shahid Iqbal; Sadaf Younis Akhwand; Muhammad Suleman; Muhammad Ibrahim. Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan. Int. J. Econ. Finance Manag. Sci. 2015, 3(1), 27-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nayab Fatima, Shahid Iqbal, Sadaf Younis Akhwand, Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Ibrahim. Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan. Int J Econ Finance Manag Sci. 2015;3(1):27-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14,
  author = {Nayab Fatima and Shahid Iqbal and Sadaf Younis Akhwand and Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ibrahim},
  title = {Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan},
  journal = {International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijefm.20150301.14},
  abstract = {The objective of this research is to further determine the gender differences while controlling the effect of selected variables on job satisfaction using data gathered from employees working in the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and public sector schools of selected Districts of Southern Punjab. This research was based on primary data which was collected from 90 employees (45 females and 45 males) working with the Ngo’s and Schools. The research results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between selected independent variables with dependent variable. The research results also indicated that in Pakistan, male employees are more satisfied with their jobs as compared to female employees. This study is helpful for management to revise their policies to eliminate the differences of job benefits for males and females in order to increase the job satisfaction of female employees.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan
AU  - Nayab Fatima
AU  - Shahid Iqbal
AU  - Sadaf Younis Akhwand
AU  - Muhammad Suleman
AU  - Muhammad Ibrahim
Y1  - 2015/01/27
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14
T2  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
SP  - 27
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9561
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14
AB  - The objective of this research is to further determine the gender differences while controlling the effect of selected variables on job satisfaction using data gathered from employees working in the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and public sector schools of selected Districts of Southern Punjab. This research was based on primary data which was collected from 90 employees (45 females and 45 males) working with the Ngo’s and Schools. The research results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between selected independent variables with dependent variable. The research results also indicated that in Pakistan, male employees are more satisfied with their jobs as compared to female employees. This study is helpful for management to revise their policies to eliminate the differences of job benefits for males and females in order to increase the job satisfaction of female employees.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Nayab Fatima

Department of Business Administration Bahaudin Zakria University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
Shahid Iqbal

Department of Business Administration Bahaudin Zakria University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
Sadaf Younis Akhwand

Department of Business Administration Bahaudin Zakria University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Suleman

Department of Business Administration Bahaudin Zakria University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Ibrahim

Center for Emerging Sciences Engineering and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nayab Fatima, Shahid Iqbal, Sadaf Younis Akhwand, Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Ibrahim. (2015). Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Nayab Fatima; Shahid Iqbal; Sadaf Younis Akhwand; Muhammad Suleman; Muhammad Ibrahim. Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan. Int. J. Econ. Finance Manag. Sci. 2015, 3(1), 27-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nayab Fatima, Shahid Iqbal, Sadaf Younis Akhwand, Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Ibrahim. Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan. Int J Econ Finance Manag Sci. 2015;3(1):27-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14,
  author = {Nayab Fatima and Shahid Iqbal and Sadaf Younis Akhwand and Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ibrahim},
  title = {Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan},
  journal = {International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijefm.20150301.14},
  abstract = {The objective of this research is to further determine the gender differences while controlling the effect of selected variables on job satisfaction using data gathered from employees working in the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and public sector schools of selected Districts of Southern Punjab. This research was based on primary data which was collected from 90 employees (45 females and 45 males) working with the Ngo’s and Schools. The research results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between selected independent variables with dependent variable. The research results also indicated that in Pakistan, male employees are more satisfied with their jobs as compared to female employees. This study is helpful for management to revise their policies to eliminate the differences of job benefits for males and females in order to increase the job satisfaction of female employees.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Gender Differences on Job Satisfaction of the Female Employees in Pakistan
AU  - Nayab Fatima
AU  - Shahid Iqbal
AU  - Sadaf Younis Akhwand
AU  - Muhammad Suleman
AU  - Muhammad Ibrahim
Y1  - 2015/01/27
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14
T2  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
SP  - 27
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9561
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150301.14
AB  - The objective of this research is to further determine the gender differences while controlling the effect of selected variables on job satisfaction using data gathered from employees working in the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and public sector schools of selected Districts of Southern Punjab. This research was based on primary data which was collected from 90 employees (45 females and 45 males) working with the Ngo’s and Schools. The research results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between selected independent variables with dependent variable. The research results also indicated that in Pakistan, male employees are more satisfied with their jobs as compared to female employees. This study is helpful for management to revise their policies to eliminate the differences of job benefits for males and females in order to increase the job satisfaction of female employees.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download