Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria

Joshua Benjamin Wisdom; Suleiman Muhammed Yushau; Gwani Muhammad; Umar Muhammad Kangiwa; Abbas Mustapha; Oladipo Mumin Olatunji

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11

Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria

Joshua Benjamin Wisdom, Suleiman Muhammed Yushau, Gwani Muhammad, Umar Muhammad Kangiwa, Abbas Mustapha, Oladipo Mumin Olatunji

Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 3 September 2021 Accepted: 18 September 2021 Published: 12 October 2021

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Abstract

Solar flares are known to produce fast Corona Mass Ejections (CMEs) that can lead to the occurrence of different classes of geomagnetic storms. Severe geomagnetic storms can generate disturbances in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere that can affect communication channels; by disrupting Satellite and navigation systems, such as GPS, Galileo, Compass and GLONASS. During intense Solar flares, enhancement in the ionospheric electron density usually occurs, leading to the absorption of the High Frequency (HF) signals by the ionosphere. Enhancement in the Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio waves (3 – 30 kHz) usually takes place during solar flares. This phenomenon is called Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID). These SIDs serves as an opportunity for the tracking of solar flares using VLF. In this study, the diurnal variation of the VLF signals transmitted from six locations selected from USA, Australia and Japan were used to monitor SIDs. The signals were received using the 0-50 kHz frequency receiver (Super SID Monitor) installed at the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology (KSUST), Aliero, Nigeria (latitude: 12.31°N and Longitude: 4.50°E). The diurnal variation of the VLF signals alongside some magnetic indices (Dst, kp, and ap), solar wind speed and density as well as the solar flux index (f10.7) for the month of February, 2020 was investigated. Results from this study reveal that; the VLF amplitudes appeared to be stronger when the lowest level of the geomagnetic activity was recorded across all stations on the quietest day of the month. During this day, the intensity of the signals received vary across the stations, ranging from 2*10⁴ to 4*10⁷dB. During the disturbed period, decrease in the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index was observed to have two minimum excursion with values of -31 and -33 nT, thus indicating a weak geomagnetic storm (-30-50) event. Consequently a gradual increase in the solar wind speed with a peak value of 520 km/s, significant decrease in the VLF amplitude ranging from 50 – 7*10⁵dB was observed during the weak geomagnetic storm, on 19 February, 2020. It is also evident from this study that the intensity/strength of the VLF signal and its pattern of propagation are greatly affected by the geomagnetic storm. In spite of the changes in the VLF amplitude observed, there was no trace of solar flares during the weak geomagnetic storm. This therefore suggests that not all classes of geomagnetic storms are connected to solar flares.

Published in	International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11
Page(s)	37-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Solar Flares, Ionosphere, Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance, Geomagnetic Storms, Space Weather

References

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[13]	Kamide, Y., Baumjohann W., Daglis I. A., Gonzalez W. D., Grande M., Joselyn J. A., McPherron R. L., Philips J. L., Reeves E. G. D., Rostoker G., Sharma A. S., Singer H. J., Tsurutani B. T., and Vasyliunas V. M., (1998) current understanding of magnetic storms: Storm-substorm relationships. Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 103, No. A8, Pp. 17,705-17,728.
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Joshua Benjamin Wisdom, Suleiman Muhammed Yushau, Gwani Muhammad, Umar Muhammad Kangiwa, Abbas Mustapha, et al. (2021). Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 9(3), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11

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ACS Style

Joshua Benjamin Wisdom; Suleiman Muhammed Yushau; Gwani Muhammad; Umar Muhammad Kangiwa; Abbas Mustapha, et al. Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2021, 9(3), 37-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11

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AMA Style

Joshua Benjamin Wisdom, Suleiman Muhammed Yushau, Gwani Muhammad, Umar Muhammad Kangiwa, Abbas Mustapha, et al. Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2021;9(3):37-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11,
  author = {Joshua Benjamin Wisdom and Suleiman Muhammed Yushau and Gwani Muhammad and Umar Muhammad Kangiwa and Abbas Mustapha and Oladipo Mumin Olatunji},
  title = {Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20210903.11},
  abstract = {Solar flares are known to produce fast Corona Mass Ejections (CMEs) that can lead to the occurrence of different classes of geomagnetic storms. Severe geomagnetic storms can generate disturbances in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere that can affect communication channels; by disrupting Satellite and navigation systems, such as GPS, Galileo, Compass and GLONASS. During intense Solar flares, enhancement in the ionospheric electron density usually occurs, leading to the absorption of the High Frequency (HF) signals by the ionosphere. Enhancement in the Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio waves (3 – 30 kHz) usually takes place during solar flares. This phenomenon is called Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID). These SIDs serves as an opportunity for the tracking of solar flares using VLF. In this study, the diurnal variation of the VLF signals transmitted from six locations selected from USA, Australia and Japan were used to monitor SIDs. The signals were received using the 0-50 kHz frequency receiver (Super SID Monitor) installed at the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology (KSUST), Aliero, Nigeria (latitude: 12.31°N and Longitude: 4.50°E). The diurnal variation of the VLF signals alongside some magnetic indices (Dst, kp, and ap), solar wind speed and density as well as the solar flux index (f10.7) for the month of February, 2020 was investigated. Results from this study reveal that; the VLF amplitudes appeared to be stronger when the lowest level of the geomagnetic activity was recorded across all stations on the quietest day of the month. During this day, the intensity of the signals received vary across the stations, ranging from 2*104 to 4*107dB. During the disturbed period, decrease in the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index was observed to have two minimum excursion with values of -31 and -33 nT, thus indicating a weak geomagnetic storm (-30-50) event. Consequently a gradual increase in the solar wind speed with a peak value of 520 km/s, significant decrease in the VLF amplitude ranging from 50 – 7*105dB was observed during the weak geomagnetic storm, on 19 February, 2020. It is also evident from this study that the intensity/strength of the VLF signal and its pattern of propagation are greatly affected by the geomagnetic storm. In spite of the changes in the VLF amplitude observed, there was no trace of solar flares during the weak geomagnetic storm. This therefore suggests that not all classes of geomagnetic storms are connected to solar flares.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria
AU  - Joshua Benjamin Wisdom
AU  - Suleiman Muhammed Yushau
AU  - Gwani Muhammad
AU  - Umar Muhammad Kangiwa
AU  - Abbas Mustapha
AU  - Oladipo Mumin Olatunji
Y1  - 2021/10/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 37
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11
AB  - Solar flares are known to produce fast Corona Mass Ejections (CMEs) that can lead to the occurrence of different classes of geomagnetic storms. Severe geomagnetic storms can generate disturbances in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere that can affect communication channels; by disrupting Satellite and navigation systems, such as GPS, Galileo, Compass and GLONASS. During intense Solar flares, enhancement in the ionospheric electron density usually occurs, leading to the absorption of the High Frequency (HF) signals by the ionosphere. Enhancement in the Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio waves (3 – 30 kHz) usually takes place during solar flares. This phenomenon is called Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID). These SIDs serves as an opportunity for the tracking of solar flares using VLF. In this study, the diurnal variation of the VLF signals transmitted from six locations selected from USA, Australia and Japan were used to monitor SIDs. The signals were received using the 0-50 kHz frequency receiver (Super SID Monitor) installed at the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology (KSUST), Aliero, Nigeria (latitude: 12.31°N and Longitude: 4.50°E). The diurnal variation of the VLF signals alongside some magnetic indices (Dst, kp, and ap), solar wind speed and density as well as the solar flux index (f10.7) for the month of February, 2020 was investigated. Results from this study reveal that; the VLF amplitudes appeared to be stronger when the lowest level of the geomagnetic activity was recorded across all stations on the quietest day of the month. During this day, the intensity of the signals received vary across the stations, ranging from 2*104 to 4*107dB. During the disturbed period, decrease in the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index was observed to have two minimum excursion with values of -31 and -33 nT, thus indicating a weak geomagnetic storm (-30-50) event. Consequently a gradual increase in the solar wind speed with a peak value of 520 km/s, significant decrease in the VLF amplitude ranging from 50 – 7*105dB was observed during the weak geomagnetic storm, on 19 February, 2020. It is also evident from this study that the intensity/strength of the VLF signal and its pattern of propagation are greatly affected by the geomagnetic storm. In spite of the changes in the VLF amplitude observed, there was no trace of solar flares during the weak geomagnetic storm. This therefore suggests that not all classes of geomagnetic storms are connected to solar flares.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Joshua Benjamin Wisdom

Department of Physics, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
Suleiman Muhammed Yushau

Department of Physics, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
Gwani Muhammad

Department of Physics, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
Umar Muhammad Kangiwa

Department of Physics, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
Abbas Mustapha

Department of Physics, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
Oladipo Mumin Olatunji

Department of Physics and Electronics, Koladaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria

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APA Style

Joshua Benjamin Wisdom, Suleiman Muhammed Yushau, Gwani Muhammad, Umar Muhammad Kangiwa, Abbas Mustapha, et al. (2021). Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 9(3), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11

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ACS Style

Joshua Benjamin Wisdom; Suleiman Muhammed Yushau; Gwani Muhammad; Umar Muhammad Kangiwa; Abbas Mustapha, et al. Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2021, 9(3), 37-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11

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AMA Style

Joshua Benjamin Wisdom, Suleiman Muhammed Yushau, Gwani Muhammad, Umar Muhammad Kangiwa, Abbas Mustapha, et al. Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2021;9(3):37-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11,
  author = {Joshua Benjamin Wisdom and Suleiman Muhammed Yushau and Gwani Muhammad and Umar Muhammad Kangiwa and Abbas Mustapha and Oladipo Mumin Olatunji},
  title = {Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20210903.11},
  abstract = {Solar flares are known to produce fast Corona Mass Ejections (CMEs) that can lead to the occurrence of different classes of geomagnetic storms. Severe geomagnetic storms can generate disturbances in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere that can affect communication channels; by disrupting Satellite and navigation systems, such as GPS, Galileo, Compass and GLONASS. During intense Solar flares, enhancement in the ionospheric electron density usually occurs, leading to the absorption of the High Frequency (HF) signals by the ionosphere. Enhancement in the Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio waves (3 – 30 kHz) usually takes place during solar flares. This phenomenon is called Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID). These SIDs serves as an opportunity for the tracking of solar flares using VLF. In this study, the diurnal variation of the VLF signals transmitted from six locations selected from USA, Australia and Japan were used to monitor SIDs. The signals were received using the 0-50 kHz frequency receiver (Super SID Monitor) installed at the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology (KSUST), Aliero, Nigeria (latitude: 12.31°N and Longitude: 4.50°E). The diurnal variation of the VLF signals alongside some magnetic indices (Dst, kp, and ap), solar wind speed and density as well as the solar flux index (f10.7) for the month of February, 2020 was investigated. Results from this study reveal that; the VLF amplitudes appeared to be stronger when the lowest level of the geomagnetic activity was recorded across all stations on the quietest day of the month. During this day, the intensity of the signals received vary across the stations, ranging from 2*104 to 4*107dB. During the disturbed period, decrease in the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index was observed to have two minimum excursion with values of -31 and -33 nT, thus indicating a weak geomagnetic storm (-30-50) event. Consequently a gradual increase in the solar wind speed with a peak value of 520 km/s, significant decrease in the VLF amplitude ranging from 50 – 7*105dB was observed during the weak geomagnetic storm, on 19 February, 2020. It is also evident from this study that the intensity/strength of the VLF signal and its pattern of propagation are greatly affected by the geomagnetic storm. In spite of the changes in the VLF amplitude observed, there was no trace of solar flares during the weak geomagnetic storm. This therefore suggests that not all classes of geomagnetic storms are connected to solar flares.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Monitoring of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) with 0–50 kHz Frequency Receiver over Aliero, Nigeria
AU  - Joshua Benjamin Wisdom
AU  - Suleiman Muhammed Yushau
AU  - Gwani Muhammad
AU  - Umar Muhammad Kangiwa
AU  - Abbas Mustapha
AU  - Oladipo Mumin Olatunji
Y1  - 2021/10/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 37
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20210903.11
AB  - Solar flares are known to produce fast Corona Mass Ejections (CMEs) that can lead to the occurrence of different classes of geomagnetic storms. Severe geomagnetic storms can generate disturbances in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere that can affect communication channels; by disrupting Satellite and navigation systems, such as GPS, Galileo, Compass and GLONASS. During intense Solar flares, enhancement in the ionospheric electron density usually occurs, leading to the absorption of the High Frequency (HF) signals by the ionosphere. Enhancement in the Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio waves (3 – 30 kHz) usually takes place during solar flares. This phenomenon is called Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID). These SIDs serves as an opportunity for the tracking of solar flares using VLF. In this study, the diurnal variation of the VLF signals transmitted from six locations selected from USA, Australia and Japan were used to monitor SIDs. The signals were received using the 0-50 kHz frequency receiver (Super SID Monitor) installed at the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology (KSUST), Aliero, Nigeria (latitude: 12.31°N and Longitude: 4.50°E). The diurnal variation of the VLF signals alongside some magnetic indices (Dst, kp, and ap), solar wind speed and density as well as the solar flux index (f10.7) for the month of February, 2020 was investigated. Results from this study reveal that; the VLF amplitudes appeared to be stronger when the lowest level of the geomagnetic activity was recorded across all stations on the quietest day of the month. During this day, the intensity of the signals received vary across the stations, ranging from 2*104 to 4*107dB. During the disturbed period, decrease in the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index was observed to have two minimum excursion with values of -31 and -33 nT, thus indicating a weak geomagnetic storm (-30-50) event. Consequently a gradual increase in the solar wind speed with a peak value of 520 km/s, significant decrease in the VLF amplitude ranging from 50 – 7*105dB was observed during the weak geomagnetic storm, on 19 February, 2020. It is also evident from this study that the intensity/strength of the VLF signal and its pattern of propagation are greatly affected by the geomagnetic storm. In spite of the changes in the VLF amplitude observed, there was no trace of solar flares during the weak geomagnetic storm. This therefore suggests that not all classes of geomagnetic storms are connected to solar flares.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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