Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE)

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi; Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe; Tsor James

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11

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Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE)

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi, Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe, Tsor James

Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 6 May 2020 Accepted: 21 May 2020 Published: 16 June 2020

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Abstract

Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) are sudden and short-lived increases in cosmic rays intensities registered by neutron monitors and usually associated with powerful solar explosive events. This work examines the key features of forty-nine (49) Ground level enhancement (GLE) events with a view to understanding the possible link to their solar sources. These constitute the 22^nd -71^st GLE as recorded by the Oulu Neutron monitor. We have computed the increase rates of the GLE and have compared them with the associated solar activity parameters. It is observed that GLEs are more associated with Solar flares than CMEs during the minimum and ascending phase of the 11 year solar cycle when compared with GLEs that occurred during the maximum phase of the solar cycle. In general, more GLE events were associated with solar flares originating from the Northern hemisphere of the solar disk as compared with the southern hemisphere flares. 80% of GLE with percentage increase rate (PIR) <10% were linked with strong flares. There was no/weak statistical association between intensity of solar energetic events (solar flares, CMEs, etc) and increase rate of GLE. The harder solar energetic fluxes seem to be responsible for GLEs with high PIR and that the softer fluxes may be responsible for those with low PIR. These results have important implications for our present understanding of potential solar drivers of the GLEs.

Published in	International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11
Page(s)	1-10
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cosmic Rays, Ground Level Enhancement, Solar Activity, Solar Flares

References

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APA Style

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi, Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe, Tsor James. (2020). Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE). International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11

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ACS Style

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi; Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe; Tsor James. Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE). Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2020, 8(1), 1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11

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AMA Style

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi, Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe, Tsor James. Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE). Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2020;8(1):1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11,
  author = {Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi and Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe and Tsor James},
  title = {Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE)},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-10},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20200801.11},
  abstract = {Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) are sudden and short-lived increases in cosmic rays intensities registered by neutron monitors and usually associated with powerful solar explosive events. This work examines the key features of forty-nine (49) Ground level enhancement (GLE) events with a view to understanding the possible link to their solar sources. These constitute the 22nd -71st GLE as recorded by the Oulu Neutron monitor. We have computed the increase rates of the GLE and have compared them with the associated solar activity parameters. It is observed that GLEs are more associated with Solar flares than CMEs during the minimum and ascending phase of the 11 year solar cycle when compared with GLEs that occurred during the maximum phase of the solar cycle. In general, more GLE events were associated with solar flares originating from the Northern hemisphere of the solar disk as compared with the southern hemisphere flares. 80% of GLE with percentage increase rate (PIR) <10% were linked with strong flares. There was no/weak statistical association between intensity of solar energetic events (solar flares, CMEs, etc) and increase rate of GLE. The harder solar energetic fluxes seem to be responsible for GLEs with high PIR and that the softer fluxes may be responsible for those with low PIR. These results have important implications for our present understanding of potential solar drivers of the GLEs.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE)
AU  - Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi
AU  - Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe
AU  - Tsor James
Y1  - 2020/06/16
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11
AB  - Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) are sudden and short-lived increases in cosmic rays intensities registered by neutron monitors and usually associated with powerful solar explosive events. This work examines the key features of forty-nine (49) Ground level enhancement (GLE) events with a view to understanding the possible link to their solar sources. These constitute the 22nd -71st GLE as recorded by the Oulu Neutron monitor. We have computed the increase rates of the GLE and have compared them with the associated solar activity parameters. It is observed that GLEs are more associated with Solar flares than CMEs during the minimum and ascending phase of the 11 year solar cycle when compared with GLEs that occurred during the maximum phase of the solar cycle. In general, more GLE events were associated with solar flares originating from the Northern hemisphere of the solar disk as compared with the southern hemisphere flares. 80% of GLE with percentage increase rate (PIR) <10% were linked with strong flares. There was no/weak statistical association between intensity of solar energetic events (solar flares, CMEs, etc) and increase rate of GLE. The harder solar energetic fluxes seem to be responsible for GLEs with high PIR and that the softer fluxes may be responsible for those with low PIR. These results have important implications for our present understanding of potential solar drivers of the GLEs.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Tsor James

Department of Physics, Benue State University, Markudi, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi, Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe, Tsor James. (2020). Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE). International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11

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ACS Style

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi; Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe; Tsor James. Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE). Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2020, 8(1), 1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11

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AMA Style

Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi, Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe, Tsor James. Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE). Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2020;8(1):1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11,
  author = {Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi and Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe and Tsor James},
  title = {Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE)},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-10},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20200801.11},
  abstract = {Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) are sudden and short-lived increases in cosmic rays intensities registered by neutron monitors and usually associated with powerful solar explosive events. This work examines the key features of forty-nine (49) Ground level enhancement (GLE) events with a view to understanding the possible link to their solar sources. These constitute the 22nd -71st GLE as recorded by the Oulu Neutron monitor. We have computed the increase rates of the GLE and have compared them with the associated solar activity parameters. It is observed that GLEs are more associated with Solar flares than CMEs during the minimum and ascending phase of the 11 year solar cycle when compared with GLEs that occurred during the maximum phase of the solar cycle. In general, more GLE events were associated with solar flares originating from the Northern hemisphere of the solar disk as compared with the southern hemisphere flares. 80% of GLE with percentage increase rate (PIR) <10% were linked with strong flares. There was no/weak statistical association between intensity of solar energetic events (solar flares, CMEs, etc) and increase rate of GLE. The harder solar energetic fluxes seem to be responsible for GLEs with high PIR and that the softer fluxes may be responsible for those with low PIR. These results have important implications for our present understanding of potential solar drivers of the GLEs.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Some Solar Energetic Events on Cosmic Ray (CR) Ground Level Enhancement (GLE)
AU  - Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi
AU  - Abejoye Sylvester Ajisafe
AU  - Tsor James
Y1  - 2020/06/16
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20200801.11
AB  - Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) are sudden and short-lived increases in cosmic rays intensities registered by neutron monitors and usually associated with powerful solar explosive events. This work examines the key features of forty-nine (49) Ground level enhancement (GLE) events with a view to understanding the possible link to their solar sources. These constitute the 22nd -71st GLE as recorded by the Oulu Neutron monitor. We have computed the increase rates of the GLE and have compared them with the associated solar activity parameters. It is observed that GLEs are more associated with Solar flares than CMEs during the minimum and ascending phase of the 11 year solar cycle when compared with GLEs that occurred during the maximum phase of the solar cycle. In general, more GLE events were associated with solar flares originating from the Northern hemisphere of the solar disk as compared with the southern hemisphere flares. 80% of GLE with percentage increase rate (PIR) <10% were linked with strong flares. There was no/weak statistical association between intensity of solar energetic events (solar flares, CMEs, etc) and increase rate of GLE. The harder solar energetic fluxes seem to be responsible for GLEs with high PIR and that the softer fluxes may be responsible for those with low PIR. These results have important implications for our present understanding of potential solar drivers of the GLEs.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download