| Peer-Reviewed

Efficacy of Psychoedcation on Improving Attitudes Towards Professional Psychological Help Seeking for a Mental Illness Among Teacher Trainees in Kenya

Received: 25 August 2016     Accepted: 5 September 2016     Published: 14 October 2016
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This study was aimed at determining the efficacy of psychoeducation in improving attitudes towards professional psychological help seeking among young adults in Kenya. Four out of twenty teacher training colleges were sampled. Two colleges made up the control group while the other two made up the experimental group. Both groups were assessed at baseline, before the experimental group was presented with an intervention in form of two, two-hour each psychoeducation modules using power point while sited in their normal classrooms. The second assessment was done a day after the psychoeducation, while the control group received no intervention but were assessed again two days after the baseline assessment. The control group had no improvement in the summative scores of attitudes towards help seeking, while the experimental group increased positively in their attitudes towards seeking help for a mental illness, which is in line with other studies. Globally. We conclude that with education on opinions about mental illness and expectations about counseling, the youth could improve their attitudes towards seeking help for a mental illness problem. This study recommends that young adults and college students should be given education in order to improve their attitudes to seeking help for a mental illness. Collage students should have this education in their curriculum to assist them identify mental illness and seek help for the same.

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13
Page(s) 120-124
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Efficacy, Psychoeducaton, Attitudes, Help Seeking, Mental Illness, Teacher Trainees

References
[1] Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J,. Erskine, H. E., Charlesson, F. J., Norman, R.S., Flaxman, A. R., Johns, N., Burstein, R., Murray, C. J. L., & Vos, T. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: finding from the Global Burrden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet; 382(9904): 1564-1574. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6.
[2] Al-Krenawi, A., Graham, J. R., Dean, Y. Z. & Eltaiba, N. (2004). Cross-National Study of Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Help: Jordan, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Arabs in Israel. International Journal of Social Psychiatry; 50(2): 102-114. doi: 10.1177/0020764004040957.
[3] Goldman, C. R. (1988). Toward a Definition of Psychoeducation. Psychiatric Services; 39(6): 666-668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.39.6.666.
[4] Gonzalez, J. M., Tinsley, H. E. A., & Kreuder, K. R. (2002). Effects of Psychoeducational Interventions on Opinions of Mental Illness, Attitudes toward Help Seeking, and Expectations about Psychotherapy in College Students. Journal of College Student Development; 43(1): 51-63.
[5] Taylor-Rodgers, E., & Batterham, P. J. (2014). Evaluation of an online psychoeducation intervention to promote mental health help seeking attitudes and intentions among young adults: Randomised controlled trial Journal of Affective Disorders; 168: 65-71. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.047.
[6] Hadlaczky, G., Hokby, S., Mkrtchian, A., Carli, V., & Wasserman, D. (2014). Mental Health First Aid is effective Public Health Intervention for Improving Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior: A meta-analysis: International Review of Psychiatry. Psychiatry; 26(4): 467-475. DOI:10.3109/09540261.2014.924910.
[7] Ghafoori, B., & Korosteleva, O. (2016). A Randomized, Control Pilot Study of a single Psychoeducation Treatment for Urban, Culturally Diverse, Trauma-Exposed Adults,. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease: 204(6): 421-430. J doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000512.
[8] Adewuya, A. & Makanjuola, R. (2015). Preferred treatment for mental illness among Southwestern Nigerians. Psychiatric Services; 60(1): 121-124.
[9] Anderson, L. M. C., Schierenbeck, I., Strumpher, J., Krantz, G., Topper, K., Backman, G., Ricks, E., & Rooyen, D. V. (2013). Help-seeking behavior, barriers to care and experiences of care among persons with depression in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Affective Disorders; 151(2): 439-448. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.022.
[10] Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Sawyer, S. M., Viner, R. M., Haller, D. M., Bose, K., & Mathers, C. D. (2009). Global Patterns of mortality in young people: a systematic analysis of population health data. The Lancet, 374(9693): 881-892.
[11] Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P. A., Demler, O., Jin, R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593-602.
[12] Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., & Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. Journal of psychiatric research, 47(3), 391-400.‏
[13] Yorgason, J. B., Linville, D., & Zitzman, B. (2008). Mental Health Among College Students: Do Those Who Need Services Know About and Use Them? Journal of American College Health; 57(2): 173-182. Doi: 10.3200/JACH.57.2.173-182.
[14] Rickwood, D., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2005). Young people’s help seeking for mental health problems. Australian e-Journal for Advancement of Mental Health; 4(3): 218-251. DOI: 10.5172/jamh.4.3.218.
[15] Kokkinos, C. M., & Stavropoulos, G. (2016). Burning out during practicum: the case of teacher trainees. Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology; 36(3): 548-568. Doi: 10.1080/01443410.2014.955461.
[16] Nyavanga, E. J. & Barasa, M. (2016). Attitudes Towards Professional Psychological Help Seeking Among Young Adults in Kenya: Case Study of Public Teacher Training Colleges. Psychology and Behavioural Sciences; 5(3): 69-76. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20160503.12
.
[17] Reidel-Heller, S. G., Matschinger, H., Angermeyer, M. C. (2005). Mental Disorders- Who and What might help? Help-Seeking and treatment preferences of lay public. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology; 40(2); 167-174.
[18] Hadlaczky, G., Hokby, S., Mkrtchian, A., Carli, V., & Wasserman, D. (2014). Mental Health First Aid is effective Public Health Intervention for Improving Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior: A meta-analysis: International Review of Psychiatry. Psychiatry; 26(4): 467-475. DOI:10.3109/09540261.2014.924910.
[19] Jorm, A. F. (2012). Mental Health Literacy: Empowerring the Community to take action for better Mental Health. American Psychologist; 67(3): 231-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025957.
[20] Fischer, E. H., & Turner, J. L., “Orientations to seeking professional help: Development and research utility of an attitude scale,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 79-90, 1970.
[21] Suradi Salim. (2010) Psychological Help seeking Attitudes among Malaysian college and University Students. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences; 5: 426-430. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.117
[22] Kelly, C. M., Jorm, A. F. and Wright A. (2007). Improving Mental Health Literacy as a Strategy to facilitate early Interventions for Mental Disorders. The Medical Journal of Australia; 187(7): 26-30.
[23] Watson, A. C., Otey, E., Westbrook, A. L., Gardener, A. L., Lamb, T. A., Corrigan, P. W. and Fenton, W. S. (2004). Chaning Middle Schoolers’ Attitudes about Mental Illness through Education. Schizophrenia Bull; 30(3): 563-572.
[24] Wahl, O. F., Susin, J., Kaplan, L., Lax, A., & Zatina, D. (2011): Changing Knowledge and Attitudes with Middle School Mental Health Education Curriculum. Stigma Res Action;! (1): 44-53. doi: 10.5463/sra.v1i1.17.
[25] Zhao, S., Sampson, S., Xia, J. & Jayaram, M. B. (2015). Psychoeducation (brief) for people with serious mental illness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 4: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010823.pub2.
[26] Wei, Y., Hayden, J. A., Kutcher, S., Zygmunt, A. and McGrath, P. (2013), The effectiveness of school mental health literacy programs to address knowledge, attitudes and help seeking among youth. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 7: 109–121. doi:10.1111/eip.12010.
[27] Richwood, D., Cavanagh, S. Curtis, L., & Sakrouge, R. (2004). Educatiing Young People about Mental Health and Mental Illness: Evaluating a School-Based Programme. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion; 6(4): 23-32. Doi 10.1080/14623730.2004.9721941.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Nyavanga Eunice Jemalel, Mourice Barasa, Chebet Ivy Mmbone, David M. Ndetei. (2016). Efficacy of Psychoedcation on Improving Attitudes Towards Professional Psychological Help Seeking for a Mental Illness Among Teacher Trainees in Kenya. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4(5), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Nyavanga Eunice Jemalel; Mourice Barasa; Chebet Ivy Mmbone; David M. Ndetei. Efficacy of Psychoedcation on Improving Attitudes Towards Professional Psychological Help Seeking for a Mental Illness Among Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2016, 4(5), 120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Nyavanga Eunice Jemalel, Mourice Barasa, Chebet Ivy Mmbone, David M. Ndetei. Efficacy of Psychoedcation on Improving Attitudes Towards Professional Psychological Help Seeking for a Mental Illness Among Teacher Trainees in Kenya. Eur J Prev Med. 2016;4(5):120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13,
      author = {Nyavanga Eunice Jemalel and Mourice Barasa and Chebet Ivy Mmbone and David M. Ndetei},
      title = {Efficacy of Psychoedcation on Improving Attitudes Towards Professional Psychological Help Seeking for a Mental Illness Among Teacher Trainees in Kenya},
      journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5},
      pages = {120-124},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20160405.13},
      abstract = {This study was aimed at determining the efficacy of psychoeducation in improving attitudes towards professional psychological help seeking among young adults in Kenya. Four out of twenty teacher training colleges were sampled. Two colleges made up the control group while the other two made up the experimental group. Both groups were assessed at baseline, before the experimental group was presented with an intervention in form of two, two-hour each psychoeducation modules using power point while sited in their normal classrooms. The second assessment was done a day after the psychoeducation, while the control group received no intervention but were assessed again two days after the baseline assessment. The control group had no improvement in the summative scores of attitudes towards help seeking, while the experimental group increased positively in their attitudes towards seeking help for a mental illness, which is in line with other studies. Globally. We conclude that with education on opinions about mental illness and expectations about counseling, the youth could improve their attitudes towards seeking help for a mental illness problem. This study recommends that young adults and college students should be given education in order to improve their attitudes to seeking help for a mental illness. Collage students should have this education in their curriculum to assist them identify mental illness and seek help for the same.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Efficacy of Psychoedcation on Improving Attitudes Towards Professional Psychological Help Seeking for a Mental Illness Among Teacher Trainees in Kenya
    AU  - Nyavanga Eunice Jemalel
    AU  - Mourice Barasa
    AU  - Chebet Ivy Mmbone
    AU  - David M. Ndetei
    Y1  - 2016/10/14
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13
    T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    SP  - 120
    EP  - 124
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8230
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20160405.13
    AB  - This study was aimed at determining the efficacy of psychoeducation in improving attitudes towards professional psychological help seeking among young adults in Kenya. Four out of twenty teacher training colleges were sampled. Two colleges made up the control group while the other two made up the experimental group. Both groups were assessed at baseline, before the experimental group was presented with an intervention in form of two, two-hour each psychoeducation modules using power point while sited in their normal classrooms. The second assessment was done a day after the psychoeducation, while the control group received no intervention but were assessed again two days after the baseline assessment. The control group had no improvement in the summative scores of attitudes towards help seeking, while the experimental group increased positively in their attitudes towards seeking help for a mental illness, which is in line with other studies. Globally. We conclude that with education on opinions about mental illness and expectations about counseling, the youth could improve their attitudes towards seeking help for a mental illness problem. This study recommends that young adults and college students should be given education in order to improve their attitudes to seeking help for a mental illness. Collage students should have this education in their curriculum to assist them identify mental illness and seek help for the same.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • The Technical University of Kenya, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology, Department of Human & Social Development, Nairobi, Kenya

  • International Planned Parenthood Federation - Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya

  • The Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Melbourne, Australia

  • The University of Nairobi, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Sections