Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia

Getachew Bersisa; Glory Umoh; Taye Tesema; Nuguss Hundesa; Shashitu Bedada

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11

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Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia

Getachew Bersisa, Glory Umoh, Taye Tesema, Nuguss Hundesa, Shashitu Bedada

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 20 November 2022 Accepted: 16 December 2022 Published: 31 March 2023

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Abstract

The survey of weeds was conducted in high sesame growing areas of Ethiopia namely, Metekel, Gonder, and Humera Zones during 2018/19 cropping season to assess the abundance and distribution. It was done at the crop seedling stage using a systematic sampling technique and in quadrant counts (0.5 m²). Weed species composition and their quantitative measures were calculated using descriptive formulas. The result showed 23 weed families that comprised 135 weed species. The most dominant families were Commelinaceae (5.92%), Asteraceae (11%), Cyperaceae (7.40%), Fabaceae (12.59%), and Poaceae (18.51%) respectively. Most of the species (70%) were erect annual herbs and grasses, the rest were perennials that had vegetative propagating structures, annual prostrate herbs, annual, perennial climbers, or perennial shrubs. In the morphological classification, 88 species of broadleaf weeds (65.18%) were found, followed by 33 grasses (24.44%) and 14 (10.37%) types of sedge weeds. Dicotyledonous species were found to be more dominant than monocotyledonous ones in the survey area. The highest weed densities were recorded near the crop harvest stage. Weed species composition varied between crop stages within the same location and across locations at both crop stages. Also, weed composition varied in both crop stages at different locations, indicating a devising different weed management options, which would be considered for different locations in weed flora composition. From this investigation, it can be deduced that Sorghum halepense, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus spp, and Cyperus rotundus turned into a drawback in the sesame production areas.

Published in	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11
Page(s)	1-13
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crops Protection, Weed Species, Weed Densities, Weed Composition, Weed Problems

References

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[2]	Akobundu I. O. (1987). Weed Science in the Tropics: Principles and Practices. Wiley Chichester, UK Anonymous (2009). "Purple Witchweed “Infonet-biovisionN. p 14 Sep Web. 7 Dec 2010. http://www.infonetbiovision.org/default/ct/112/pests.
[3]	Bedigian D. and J. R. Harlan. 1986. “Evidence for cultivation of sesame in the ancient world,” Economic Botany, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 137–154.
[4]	Gadesa A, Tadesse T, Dabi A (2016) Quantitative Determination of Weed Occurrence on Upland Rice of Bambasi, Ethiopia. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 1 (3): 53-56.
[5]	Umar. Okoye, C. & Mammon, B. 2010 Resource use efficiency in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production under organic and inorganic fertilizers applications in Keana Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6, 466-471.
[6]	FAO (2008). Regional sesame production, trade and consumption. United Nation/ Food and Agricultural Organization.
[7]	Fiseha B., Tsehaye, Y. & Abay, F. 2015. Grain yield-based yield-based cluster analysis and correlation of agronomic traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes in Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 5, 11-17.
[8]	Langham, D. (2007). Phonology of sesame. In: Issues in New Crops and New Use.
[9]	Langham D R. (2008). Growth and Development of Sesame, Sesaco Corporation.
[10]	Stroud Parker C (1989). A Weed Identification Guide for Ethiopia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy.
[11]	Welday Gebreegziabher, Ram S. Verma and Samuel Tegene (2018). Assessment of Critical Period of Weed Competition in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid) at Tana Beles Sugar. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 5 (6): 91-99, http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2018.05.06.008.
[12]	Assefa Sintayehu (2019). Weed flora survey in field crops of Northwestern. African Journal of Agricultural Research http://dx.doi.10.5897/AJAR2019.13947.
[13]	Ethiopia Taye T and T Yohannes. (1998.) Qualitative and quantitative determination of weeds in tef in west Shewa zone. In: Fassi lReda and D. G. Tanner (eds.). Arem 4: 46-60. EWSS, Addis Ababa.
[14]	Uddin, M. K., Juraimi, A. S., Ismail, M. R. & Brosnan, J. T. (2010). Characterizing weed populations in different tufgrass sites throughout the klang valley of western Peninsular Malaysia. Weed technology. 24: 173-181.
[15]	Tamado T, and Milberg P (2000). Weed Flora in arable fields of Eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of Parthenium hysterophorus. Blackwell Science Ltd Weed Research 40: 507-521.
[16]	Firehun, Y. (2004). Weed flora in sugarcane plantations of Wonji-Shoa and Metahara as influenced by some environmental and crop management practices. Msc. Thesis. Alemaya University School of Graduate Studies.
[17]	Rao, A. N., Johnson, D. E., Sivaprasad, B. Ladha, J. K., and Mortimer, A. M. (2007): Weed management in direct seeded rice. Advances in Agronomy 93: 153-254.

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APA Style

Getachew Bersisa, Glory Umoh, Taye Tesema, Nuguss Hundesa, Shashitu Bedada. (2023). Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 8(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11

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ACS Style

Getachew Bersisa; Glory Umoh; Taye Tesema; Nuguss Hundesa; Shashitu Bedada. Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2023, 8(1), 1-13. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11

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AMA Style

Getachew Bersisa, Glory Umoh, Taye Tesema, Nuguss Hundesa, Shashitu Bedada. Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia. Ecol Evol Biol. 2023;8(1):1-13. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11

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@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11,
  author = {Getachew Bersisa and Glory Umoh and Taye Tesema and Nuguss Hundesa and Shashitu Bedada},
  title = {Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20230801.11},
  abstract = {The survey of weeds was conducted in high sesame growing areas of Ethiopia namely, Metekel, Gonder, and Humera Zones during 2018/19 cropping season to assess the abundance and distribution. It was done at the crop seedling stage using a systematic sampling technique and in quadrant counts (0.5 m2). Weed species composition and their quantitative measures were calculated using descriptive formulas. The result showed 23 weed families that comprised 135 weed species. The most dominant families were Commelinaceae (5.92%), Asteraceae (11%), Cyperaceae (7.40%), Fabaceae (12.59%), and Poaceae (18.51%) respectively. Most of the species (70%) were erect annual herbs and grasses, the rest were perennials that had vegetative propagating structures, annual prostrate herbs, annual, perennial climbers, or perennial shrubs. In the morphological classification, 88 species of broadleaf weeds (65.18%) were found, followed by 33 grasses (24.44%) and 14 (10.37%) types of sedge weeds. Dicotyledonous species were found to be more dominant than monocotyledonous ones in the survey area. The highest weed densities were recorded near the crop harvest stage. Weed species composition varied between crop stages within the same location and across locations at both crop stages. Also, weed composition varied in both crop stages at different locations, indicating a devising different weed management options, which would be considered for different locations in weed flora composition. From this investigation, it can be deduced that Sorghum halepense, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus spp, and Cyperus rotundus turned into a drawback in the sesame production areas.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia
AU - Getachew Bersisa
AU - Glory Umoh
AU - Taye Tesema
AU - Nuguss Hundesa
AU - Shashitu Bedada
Y1 - 2023/03/31
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11
DO - 10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11
T2 - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-3762
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11
AB - The survey of weeds was conducted in high sesame growing areas of Ethiopia namely, Metekel, Gonder, and Humera Zones during 2018/19 cropping season to assess the abundance and distribution. It was done at the crop seedling stage using a systematic sampling technique and in quadrant counts (0.5 m2). Weed species composition and their quantitative measures were calculated using descriptive formulas. The result showed 23 weed families that comprised 135 weed species. The most dominant families were Commelinaceae (5.92%), Asteraceae (11%), Cyperaceae (7.40%), Fabaceae (12.59%), and Poaceae (18.51%) respectively. Most of the species (70%) were erect annual herbs and grasses, the rest were perennials that had vegetative propagating structures, annual prostrate herbs, annual, perennial climbers, or perennial shrubs. In the morphological classification, 88 species of broadleaf weeds (65.18%) were found, followed by 33 grasses (24.44%) and 14 (10.37%) types of sedge weeds. Dicotyledonous species were found to be more dominant than monocotyledonous ones in the survey area. The highest weed densities were recorded near the crop harvest stage. Weed species composition varied between crop stages within the same location and across locations at both crop stages. Also, weed composition varied in both crop stages at different locations, indicating a devising different weed management options, which would be considered for different locations in weed flora composition. From this investigation, it can be deduced that Sorghum halepense, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus spp, and Cyperus rotundus turned into a drawback in the sesame production areas.
VL - 8
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Getachew Bersisa

Department of Plant Sciences, Ambo University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Glory Umoh

Department of Metallurgy and Structural Integrity, Center for Research in Advanced Materials, Chihuahua, Mexico
Taye Tesema

Department of Plant Sciences, Ethiopian Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Nuguss Hundesa

Department of Applied Biology, Ambo Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Shashitu Bedada

Department of Applied Biology, Ambo Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Getachew Bersisa, Glory Umoh, Taye Tesema, Nuguss Hundesa, Shashitu Bedada. (2023). Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 8(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11

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ACS Style

Getachew Bersisa; Glory Umoh; Taye Tesema; Nuguss Hundesa; Shashitu Bedada. Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2023, 8(1), 1-13. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11

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AMA Style

Getachew Bersisa, Glory Umoh, Taye Tesema, Nuguss Hundesa, Shashitu Bedada. Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia. Ecol Evol Biol. 2023;8(1):1-13. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11

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@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11,
  author = {Getachew Bersisa and Glory Umoh and Taye Tesema and Nuguss Hundesa and Shashitu Bedada},
  title = {Survey of Weeds in Sesame in the Major Growing Area of Ethiopia},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20230801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20230801.11},
  abstract = {The survey of weeds was conducted in high sesame growing areas of Ethiopia namely, Metekel, Gonder, and Humera Zones during 2018/19 cropping season to assess the abundance and distribution. It was done at the crop seedling stage using a systematic sampling technique and in quadrant counts (0.5 m2). Weed species composition and their quantitative measures were calculated using descriptive formulas. The result showed 23 weed families that comprised 135 weed species. The most dominant families were Commelinaceae (5.92%), Asteraceae (11%), Cyperaceae (7.40%), Fabaceae (12.59%), and Poaceae (18.51%) respectively. Most of the species (70%) were erect annual herbs and grasses, the rest were perennials that had vegetative propagating structures, annual prostrate herbs, annual, perennial climbers, or perennial shrubs. In the morphological classification, 88 species of broadleaf weeds (65.18%) were found, followed by 33 grasses (24.44%) and 14 (10.37%) types of sedge weeds. Dicotyledonous species were found to be more dominant than monocotyledonous ones in the survey area. The highest weed densities were recorded near the crop harvest stage. Weed species composition varied between crop stages within the same location and across locations at both crop stages. Also, weed composition varied in both crop stages at different locations, indicating a devising different weed management options, which would be considered for different locations in weed flora composition. From this investigation, it can be deduced that Sorghum halepense, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus spp, and Cyperus rotundus turned into a drawback in the sesame production areas.},
 year = {2023}
}

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