| Peer-Reviewed

The Role of Income and Property Taxes in Tax Transition and the Mediating Effect of Financial Development

Published in Economics (Volume 10, Issue 2)
Received: 10 May 2021     Accepted: 27 May 2021     Published: 16 June 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This paper investigates second wave tax transition (transfer of tax pressure from border taxation towards domestic taxation) concerns in developing countries. It essentially focuses on the compensation effects of incomes and property taxes over international trade tax revenue losses in developing countries. Using a generalized method of moment estimator, we come to the evidence that, incomes and property taxes are poor instruments to balance trade tax revenue losses of trade liberalization in these countries. However, a mediating effect of financial development in the compensation nexus driven by corporate income taxes was found. We explain this result by the fact that the use of financial sector generates paper trails to government in order to enforce and raise corporate income taxes. Financial development may progressively crowd-out informal sector and leads to business formalization. Surprising, we do not find any mediating effect of financial development in the compensation patterns with personal income taxes. Nevertheless, some heterogeneities were discovered. Financial development mediates the compensation patterns of personal income taxes in Latin American countries, while the effect holds on corporate income taxes in African countries. We conclude the paper by highlighting the important role of financial development in second generation tax transition concerns over developing countries.

Published in Economics (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13
Page(s) 46-63
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Income Taxes, Property Tax, Tax Transition, Developing Countries

References
[1] Aizenman, J., & Jinjarak, Y. (2009). Globalisation and developing countries–a shrinking tax base? The Journal of Development Studies, 45 (5), 653–671.
[2] Ali, M., Shifa, A., Shimeles, A., & Woldeyes, F. B. (2015). Information technology and fiscal capacity in a developing country: Evidence from Ethiopia.
[3] Alm, J., Bahl, R., & Murray, M. N. (1991). Tax base erosion in developing countries. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 39 (4), 849–872.
[4] Alm, J., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Wallace, S. (2005). Taxing the hard-to-tax: Lessons from theory and practice. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
[5] Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The review of economic studies, 58 (2), 277–297.
[6] Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. Journal of econometrics, 68 (1), 29–51.
[7] Attila, G., Chambas, G., & Combes, J.-L. (2009). Corruption et mobilisation des recettes publiques: une analyse économétrique. Recherches Economiques De Louvain/Louvain Eco- nomic Review, 75 (2), 229–268.
[8] Bahl, R., & Martinez-Vazquez, J. (2007). The property tax in developing countries: Current practice and prospects. Documento de trabajo (07RB1).
[9] Barrot, L.-D., Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2018). Openness, specialization, and the external vulnerability of developing countries. Journal of Development Economics, 134, 310–328.
[10] Baunsgaard, T., & Keen, M. (2010). Tax revenue and (or?) trade liberalization. Journal of Public Economics, 94 (9), 563-577.
[11] Beck, T., Lin, C., & Ma, Y. (2014). Why do firms evade taxes? the role of information sharing and financial sector outreach. The Journal of Finance, 69 (2), 763-817.
[12] Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2013). Taxation and development. In handbook of public economics, vol. 5 (Vol. 5, p. 51-110).
[13] Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2014). Why do developing countries tax so little? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28 (4), 99-120.
[14] Bevan, D. (1995). Fiscal implications of trade liberalization. IMF Working Paper (95/50). Bird, R. (2010). Smart tax administration.
[15] Bird, R. M., et al. (2004). Administrative dimensions of tax reform. Asia-Pacific tax bulletin, 10 (3), 134–50.
[16] Bird, R. M., & Zolt, E. M. (2005). The limited role of the personal income tax in developing countries. Journal of Asian Economics, 16 (6), 928-946.
[17] Bird, R. M., & Zolt, E. M. (2008a). Technology and taxation in developing countries: From hand to mouse. National Tax Journal, 61 (4), 791–821.
[18] Bird, R. M., & Zolt, E. M. (2008b). Technology and taxation in developing countries: from hand to mouse. National Tax Journal, 791–821.
[19] Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of econometrics, 87 (1), 115–143.
[20] Bose, N., Salvatore, C., & Martin, A. (2012). The impact of banking development on the size of shadow economies. Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (6), 620-638.
[21] Brun, J.-F., Chambas, G., & Guerineau, S. (2011). Aide et mobilisation fiscale dans les pays en développement.
[22] Capasso, S., & Jappelli, T. (2013). Financial development and the underground economy. Journal of Development Economics, 101, 167-178.
[23] Chambas, G. (2005a). Afrique au sud du sahara: Mobiliser des ressources fiscales pour le développement. Economica.
[24] Chambas, G. (2005b). Afrique au sud du sahara: quelle stratégie de transition fiscale? Afrique contemporaine (1), 133–163.
[25] Crivelli, E., de Mooij, R., & Keen, M. (2016). Base erosion, profit shifting and developing countries. FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, 72 (3), 268-301.
[26] Diarra, S. (2012). Chocs et mobilisation des recettes publiques dans les pays en développement (Doctoral dissertation, Université d’Auvergne-Clermont-Ferrand I). Retrieved from https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777227/
[27] Ellul, A., Jappelli, T., Pagano, M., & Panunz, F. (2015). Transparency, tax pressure, and access to finance. Review of Finance, 20, 37-76.
[28] Feige, E. L. (2007). The underground economies: Tax evasion and information distortion. Cambridge University Press.
[29] Fu, J.-R., Farn, C.-K., & Chao, W.-P. (2006). Acceptance of electronic tax filing: A study of taxpayer intentions. Information & Management, 43 (1), 109–126.
[30] Fuest, C., Hebous, S., & Riedel, N. (2011). International debt shifting and multinational firms in developing economies. Economics letters, 113 (2), 135–138.
[31] Fuest, C., & Riedel, N. (2010). Tax evasion and tax avoidance in developing countries: The role of international profit shifting.
[32] Gilbert, S., & Ilievski, B. (2016). Banks, development, and tax. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 61, 1-13.
[33] Gnangnon, S. K., & Brun, J.-F. (2017). Impact of export upgrading on tax revenue in developing and high-income countries. Oxford Development Studies, 45 (4), 542-561.
[34] Gnangnon, S. K., & Brun, J.-F. (2018). Impact of bridging the internet gap on public revenue mobilization. Information Economics and Policy, 43, 23–33.
[35] Gordon, R., & Li, W. (2009). Tax structures in developing countries: Many puzzles and a possible explanation. Journal of Public Economics, 93 (7), 855-866.
[36] Gunning, M. J., & Collier, M. P. (1996). Policy towards commodity shocks in developing countries. International Monetary Fund.
[37] Gupta, A. S. (2007). Determinants of tax revenue efforts in developing countries. International Monetary Fund, 7/184.
[38] Hansen, L. P. (1982). Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators.
[39] Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1029–1054.
[40] Hasan, I., Chun, K., Qiang, W., & Hao, Z. (2014). Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The effect of corporate tax avoidance on the cost of bank loans. Journal of Financial Economics, 113 (1), 109-130.
[41] Heng, D., Ivanova, A., Mariscal, R., Ramakrishnan, M. U., & Wong, J. (2016). Advancing financial development in latin america and the caribbean. International Monetary Fund.
[42] Hindriks, J., Keen, M., & Muthoo, A. (1999). Corruption, extortion and evasion. Journal of public Economics, 74 (3), 395–430.
[43] Hondroyiannis, G., & Papaoikonomou, D. (2017). The effect of card payments on vat revenue: New evidence from greece. Economics Letters, 157, 17-20.
[44] Jansky`, P., & Prats, A. (2015). International profit-shifting out of developing countries and the role of tax havens. Development policy review, 33 (3), 271–292.
[45] Jappelli, T., & Pagano, M. (2002). Information sharing, lending and defaults: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Banking Finance, 26 (10), 2017-2045.
[46] Johannesen, N., Tørsløv, T., & Wier, L. (2016). Are less developed countries more exposed to multinational tax avoidance? method and evidence from micro-data (Tech. Rep.). WIDER Working Paper.
[47] Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D., McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2000). Why do firms hide? bribes and unofficial activity after communism. Journal of Public Economics, 76 (3), 495-520.
[48] Kaldor, N. (1962). Will underdeveloped countries learn to tax. Foreign Aff., 41, 410.
[49] Kasipillai, J., Aripin, N., & Amran, N. A. (2003). The influence of education on tax avoidance and tax evasion. eJTR, 1, 134.
[50] Keen, M., & Ligthart, J. (2002). Coordinating tariff reduction and domestic tax reform. Journal of International Economics, 56 (2), 489–507.
[51] Keen, M., & Simone, A. (2004). Tax policy in developing countries: some lessons from the 1990s and some challenges ahead. Helping countries develop: The role of fiscal policy, 302–52.
[52] Kelly, R. (2000). Designing a property tax reform strategy for sub-saharan africa: an analytical framework applied to kenya. Public Budgeting & Finance, 20 (4), 36–51.
[53] Khattry, B., & Rao, J. M. (2002). Fiscal faux pas?: an analysis of the revenue implications of trade liberalization. World Development, 30 (8), 1431–1444.
[54] Kleven, H. J., Kreiner, C. T., & Saez, E. (2016). Why can modern governments tax so much? an agency model of firms as fiscal intermediaries. Economica, 83 (330), 219-246.
[55] Kosonen, T., & Ropponen, O. (2015). The role of information in tax compliance: Evidence from a natural field experiment. Economics Letters, 129, 18-21.
[56] Levine, R. (2005). Finance and growth: Theory and evidence. In P. Aghion & S. N. Durlauf (Eds.), (Vol. 1, p. 865-934). Elsevier.
[57] McCalla, A. F., & Valdes, A. (1997). Diversification and international trade.
[58] Mookherjee, D. (1998). Incentive reforms in developing country bureaucracies: lessons from tax administration., 103–138.
[59] Moore, M. (2007). How does taxation affect the quality of governance? Working paper series, 280. Brighton: IDS.
[60] Nickell, S. (1981). Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1417–1426.
[61] Otchere, I., Senbet, L., & Simbanegavi, W. (2017). Financial sector development in africa-an overview. Review of development finance, 7 (1), 1–5.
[62] Pomeranz, D. (2015). No taxation without information: Deterrence and self-enforcement in the value added tax. American Economic Review, 105 (8), 2539-69.
[63] Silberztein, C. (2009). Transfer pricing: a challenge for developing countries. OECD ob-server (276-277), 29–32.
[64] Spiro, P. S. (2018). Tax policy and the underground economy. Routledge, 179–201.
[65] Stotsky, M. J. G., & WoldeMariam, M. A. (1997). Tax effort in sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund, 97/107.
[66] Tanzi. (1977). Inflation, lags in collection, and the real value of tax revenue. Staff Papers, 24 (1), 154–167.
[67] Tanzi, V., & Zee, H. H. (2000). Tax policy for emerging markets-developing countries (No. 0-35).
[68] International Monetary Fund.
[69] Windmeijer, F. (2005). A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step gmm estimators. Journal of econometrics, 126 (1), 25–51.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Kodjo Adandohoin, Jean-Francois Brun. (2021). The Role of Income and Property Taxes in Tax Transition and the Mediating Effect of Financial Development. Economics, 10(2), 46-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Kodjo Adandohoin; Jean-Francois Brun. The Role of Income and Property Taxes in Tax Transition and the Mediating Effect of Financial Development. Economics. 2021, 10(2), 46-63. doi: 10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Kodjo Adandohoin, Jean-Francois Brun. The Role of Income and Property Taxes in Tax Transition and the Mediating Effect of Financial Development. Economics. 2021;10(2):46-63. doi: 10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13,
      author = {Kodjo Adandohoin and Jean-Francois Brun},
      title = {The Role of Income and Property Taxes in Tax Transition and the Mediating Effect of Financial Development},
      journal = {Economics},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {46-63},
      doi = {10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eco.20211002.13},
      abstract = {This paper investigates second wave tax transition (transfer of tax pressure from border taxation towards domestic taxation) concerns in developing countries. It essentially focuses on the compensation effects of incomes and property taxes over international trade tax revenue losses in developing countries. Using a generalized method of moment estimator, we come to the evidence that, incomes and property taxes are poor instruments to balance trade tax revenue losses of trade liberalization in these countries. However, a mediating effect of financial development in the compensation nexus driven by corporate income taxes was found. We explain this result by the fact that the use of financial sector generates paper trails to government in order to enforce and raise corporate income taxes. Financial development may progressively crowd-out informal sector and leads to business formalization. Surprising, we do not find any mediating effect of financial development in the compensation patterns with personal income taxes. Nevertheless, some heterogeneities were discovered. Financial development mediates the compensation patterns of personal income taxes in Latin American countries, while the effect holds on corporate income taxes in African countries. We conclude the paper by highlighting the important role of financial development in second generation tax transition concerns over developing countries.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Role of Income and Property Taxes in Tax Transition and the Mediating Effect of Financial Development
    AU  - Kodjo Adandohoin
    AU  - Jean-Francois Brun
    Y1  - 2021/06/16
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13
    T2  - Economics
    JF  - Economics
    JO  - Economics
    SP  - 46
    EP  - 63
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-6603
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20211002.13
    AB  - This paper investigates second wave tax transition (transfer of tax pressure from border taxation towards domestic taxation) concerns in developing countries. It essentially focuses on the compensation effects of incomes and property taxes over international trade tax revenue losses in developing countries. Using a generalized method of moment estimator, we come to the evidence that, incomes and property taxes are poor instruments to balance trade tax revenue losses of trade liberalization in these countries. However, a mediating effect of financial development in the compensation nexus driven by corporate income taxes was found. We explain this result by the fact that the use of financial sector generates paper trails to government in order to enforce and raise corporate income taxes. Financial development may progressively crowd-out informal sector and leads to business formalization. Surprising, we do not find any mediating effect of financial development in the compensation patterns with personal income taxes. Nevertheless, some heterogeneities were discovered. Financial development mediates the compensation patterns of personal income taxes in Latin American countries, while the effect holds on corporate income taxes in African countries. We conclude the paper by highlighting the important role of financial development in second generation tax transition concerns over developing countries.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • School of Economics, University of Clermont Auvergne, Center for Studies on International Development, Clermont Ferrand, France

  • School of Economics, University of Clermont Auvergne, Center for Studies on International Development, Clermont Ferrand, France

  • Sections