Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh

Md Kamrul Hassan; Md Inamul Islam; Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal; Md Julfikkar Alam

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14

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Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh

Md Kamrul Hassan, Md Inamul Islam, Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal, Md Julfikkar Alam

Published in American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 8, Issue 3)

Received: 21 August 2020 Accepted: 1 September 2020 Published: 10 September 2020

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Abstract

Context: In the face of increasing number of relapse cases of schizophrenia, sufficient work is not available in Bangladesh. Aims: To find out the common factors of relapse of schizophrenia in Bangladesh and to find out the relationship of relapse of schizophrenia with sociodemographic characteristics. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study; Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka and Psychiatry department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Materials and Methods: Data from 50 relapse patients receiving treatment of schizophrenia were collected, from April 2018 to September 2018. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were processed and analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) win version 16. Results: The mean age was 31.16 (±10.59) years ranging from 14 to 55 years. Majority of the respondents 70% (n=35) were under 35 years. 62% (n=31) of the respondents were male and 38% (n=19) were female. 96% (n=48) of the respondents were Muslims. 52% (n=26) of the respondents were married and 46% (n=23) were unmarried. 46% (n=23) were from rural background and 54% (n=27) of the respondents were from urban background. 40% (n=20) of the respondents were from lower class, 52% (n=26) were from middle class, and only 8% (n=4) were from higher class. 56% (n=28) of the respondents had perceived stressful life events and 44% (n=22) of the respondents had no such history. 52% (n=26) of the patients had experienced high expressed emotion and 48% (n=24) had low expressed emotion. Among the 50 relapsed schizophrenia patients, only 26% (n=13) had full compliance, 30% (n=15) had full noncompliance and rest had partial compliance. There was no significant relationship between educational status and medication compliance in the current study. The study revealed significant association with lower social class and presumptive stressful life events. Conclusions: This study highlighted the perceptions of schizophrenic patients and their caregivers about factors that influence relapse. It indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and non-compliance to medication had a role in relapse. This study provides information about socio-demographic and other related factors which can offer important guideline for future study. Adherence to antipsychotic medication, reducing high expressed emotion and stressful life events protect patients from relapse.

Published in	American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14
Page(s)	60-64
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Schizophrenia, Factor, Relapse, Prevention

References

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APA Style

Md Kamrul Hassan, Md Inamul Islam, Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal, Md Julfikkar Alam. (2020). Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 8(3), 60-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14

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ACS Style

Md Kamrul Hassan; Md Inamul Islam; Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal; Md Julfikkar Alam. Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2020, 8(3), 60-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14

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AMA Style

Md Kamrul Hassan, Md Inamul Islam, Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal, Md Julfikkar Alam. Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2020;8(3):60-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14,
  author = {Md Kamrul Hassan and Md Inamul Islam and Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal and Md Julfikkar Alam},
  title = {Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {60-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20200803.14},
  abstract = {Context: In the face of increasing number of relapse cases of schizophrenia, sufficient work is not available in Bangladesh. Aims: To find out the common factors of relapse of schizophrenia in Bangladesh and to find out the relationship of relapse of schizophrenia with sociodemographic characteristics. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study; Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka and Psychiatry department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Materials and Methods: Data from 50 relapse patients receiving treatment of schizophrenia were collected, from April 2018 to September 2018. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were processed and analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) win version 16. Results: The mean age was 31.16 (±10.59) years ranging from 14 to 55 years. Majority of the respondents 70% (n=35) were under 35 years. 62% (n=31) of the respondents were male and 38% (n=19) were female. 96% (n=48) of the respondents were Muslims. 52% (n=26) of the respondents were married and 46% (n=23) were unmarried. 46% (n=23) were from rural background and 54% (n=27) of the respondents were from urban background. 40% (n=20) of the respondents were from lower class, 52% (n=26) were from middle class, and only 8% (n=4) were from higher class. 56% (n=28) of the respondents had perceived stressful life events and 44% (n=22) of the respondents had no such history. 52% (n=26) of the patients had experienced high expressed emotion and 48% (n=24) had low expressed emotion. Among the 50 relapsed schizophrenia patients, only 26% (n=13) had full compliance, 30% (n=15) had full noncompliance and rest had partial compliance. There was no significant relationship between educational status and medication compliance in the current study. The study revealed significant association with lower social class and presumptive stressful life events. Conclusions: This study highlighted the perceptions of schizophrenic patients and their caregivers about factors that influence relapse. It indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and non-compliance to medication had a role in relapse. This study provides information about socio-demographic and other related factors which can offer important guideline for future study. Adherence to antipsychotic medication, reducing high expressed emotion and stressful life events protect patients from relapse.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh
AU  - Md Kamrul Hassan
AU  - Md Inamul Islam
AU  - Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal
AU  - Md Julfikkar Alam
Y1  - 2020/09/10
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 60
EP  - 64
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14
AB  - Context: In the face of increasing number of relapse cases of schizophrenia, sufficient work is not available in Bangladesh. Aims: To find out the common factors of relapse of schizophrenia in Bangladesh and to find out the relationship of relapse of schizophrenia with sociodemographic characteristics. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study; Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka and Psychiatry department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Materials and Methods: Data from 50 relapse patients receiving treatment of schizophrenia were collected, from April 2018 to September 2018. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were processed and analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) win version 16. Results: The mean age was 31.16 (±10.59) years ranging from 14 to 55 years. Majority of the respondents 70% (n=35) were under 35 years. 62% (n=31) of the respondents were male and 38% (n=19) were female. 96% (n=48) of the respondents were Muslims. 52% (n=26) of the respondents were married and 46% (n=23) were unmarried. 46% (n=23) were from rural background and 54% (n=27) of the respondents were from urban background. 40% (n=20) of the respondents were from lower class, 52% (n=26) were from middle class, and only 8% (n=4) were from higher class. 56% (n=28) of the respondents had perceived stressful life events and 44% (n=22) of the respondents had no such history. 52% (n=26) of the patients had experienced high expressed emotion and 48% (n=24) had low expressed emotion. Among the 50 relapsed schizophrenia patients, only 26% (n=13) had full compliance, 30% (n=15) had full noncompliance and rest had partial compliance. There was no significant relationship between educational status and medication compliance in the current study. The study revealed significant association with lower social class and presumptive stressful life events. Conclusions: This study highlighted the perceptions of schizophrenic patients and their caregivers about factors that influence relapse. It indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and non-compliance to medication had a role in relapse. This study provides information about socio-demographic and other related factors which can offer important guideline for future study. Adherence to antipsychotic medication, reducing high expressed emotion and stressful life events protect patients from relapse.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Md Kamrul Hassan

Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Md Inamul Islam

Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh
Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal

Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Md Julfikkar Alam

Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Sylhet, Bangladesh

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Md Kamrul Hassan, Md Inamul Islam, Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal, Md Julfikkar Alam. (2020). Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 8(3), 60-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14

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ACS Style

Md Kamrul Hassan; Md Inamul Islam; Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal; Md Julfikkar Alam. Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2020, 8(3), 60-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14

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AMA Style

Md Kamrul Hassan, Md Inamul Islam, Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal, Md Julfikkar Alam. Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2020;8(3):60-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14,
  author = {Md Kamrul Hassan and Md Inamul Islam and Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal and Md Julfikkar Alam},
  title = {Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {60-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20200803.14},
  abstract = {Context: In the face of increasing number of relapse cases of schizophrenia, sufficient work is not available in Bangladesh. Aims: To find out the common factors of relapse of schizophrenia in Bangladesh and to find out the relationship of relapse of schizophrenia with sociodemographic characteristics. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study; Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka and Psychiatry department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Materials and Methods: Data from 50 relapse patients receiving treatment of schizophrenia were collected, from April 2018 to September 2018. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were processed and analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) win version 16. Results: The mean age was 31.16 (±10.59) years ranging from 14 to 55 years. Majority of the respondents 70% (n=35) were under 35 years. 62% (n=31) of the respondents were male and 38% (n=19) were female. 96% (n=48) of the respondents were Muslims. 52% (n=26) of the respondents were married and 46% (n=23) were unmarried. 46% (n=23) were from rural background and 54% (n=27) of the respondents were from urban background. 40% (n=20) of the respondents were from lower class, 52% (n=26) were from middle class, and only 8% (n=4) were from higher class. 56% (n=28) of the respondents had perceived stressful life events and 44% (n=22) of the respondents had no such history. 52% (n=26) of the patients had experienced high expressed emotion and 48% (n=24) had low expressed emotion. Among the 50 relapsed schizophrenia patients, only 26% (n=13) had full compliance, 30% (n=15) had full noncompliance and rest had partial compliance. There was no significant relationship between educational status and medication compliance in the current study. The study revealed significant association with lower social class and presumptive stressful life events. Conclusions: This study highlighted the perceptions of schizophrenic patients and their caregivers about factors that influence relapse. It indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and non-compliance to medication had a role in relapse. This study provides information about socio-demographic and other related factors which can offer important guideline for future study. Adherence to antipsychotic medication, reducing high expressed emotion and stressful life events protect patients from relapse.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Associated with Relapse of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh
AU  - Md Kamrul Hassan
AU  - Md Inamul Islam
AU  - Abul Hossain Muhammad Kazi Mostofa Kamal
AU  - Md Julfikkar Alam
Y1  - 2020/09/10
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 60
EP  - 64
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200803.14
AB  - Context: In the face of increasing number of relapse cases of schizophrenia, sufficient work is not available in Bangladesh. Aims: To find out the common factors of relapse of schizophrenia in Bangladesh and to find out the relationship of relapse of schizophrenia with sociodemographic characteristics. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study; Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka and Psychiatry department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Materials and Methods: Data from 50 relapse patients receiving treatment of schizophrenia were collected, from April 2018 to September 2018. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were processed and analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) win version 16. Results: The mean age was 31.16 (±10.59) years ranging from 14 to 55 years. Majority of the respondents 70% (n=35) were under 35 years. 62% (n=31) of the respondents were male and 38% (n=19) were female. 96% (n=48) of the respondents were Muslims. 52% (n=26) of the respondents were married and 46% (n=23) were unmarried. 46% (n=23) were from rural background and 54% (n=27) of the respondents were from urban background. 40% (n=20) of the respondents were from lower class, 52% (n=26) were from middle class, and only 8% (n=4) were from higher class. 56% (n=28) of the respondents had perceived stressful life events and 44% (n=22) of the respondents had no such history. 52% (n=26) of the patients had experienced high expressed emotion and 48% (n=24) had low expressed emotion. Among the 50 relapsed schizophrenia patients, only 26% (n=13) had full compliance, 30% (n=15) had full noncompliance and rest had partial compliance. There was no significant relationship between educational status and medication compliance in the current study. The study revealed significant association with lower social class and presumptive stressful life events. Conclusions: This study highlighted the perceptions of schizophrenic patients and their caregivers about factors that influence relapse. It indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and non-compliance to medication had a role in relapse. This study provides information about socio-demographic and other related factors which can offer important guideline for future study. Adherence to antipsychotic medication, reducing high expressed emotion and stressful life events protect patients from relapse.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download