Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi; Olatunji Sunday Yinka; Owolabi Joshua Oladele; Olanrewaju John Afees; Aminu Azeezat Jolade; Fabiyi Sunday Oluseyi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15

Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju John Afees, Aminu Azeezat Jolade, Fabiyi Sunday Oluseyi

Published in American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 28 June 2018 Accepted: 1 August 2018 Published: 13 September 2018

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Abstract

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of electrical modulation of the nervous system activity which involves the uses of low current to stimulate specified areas of the brain using electrodes to the scalp. This study was carried out to investigate if tDCS which is being used in the treatment of various disorders of the brain could have any possible side effects that might be worse than the treated disorder or any effects of tDCS on the cytoarchitecture of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were used and were placed into 5 groups (A-E). Rats in group A were divided into two groups A (SHAM) (tDCS for 30seconds) and A (N-SHAM). Rats in groups B, C, D and E were stimulated for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes with 12Volt respectively for the duration of 14 days and the animals were euthanized on the last day of the experiment two hours post brain stimulation. The specimen were subjected to gross morphological analysis and basic demonstration of the DLPFC using H & E and special stains. There was no significant difference in the neuronal structure and the supporting cells of the brain across the groups A (SHAM), B (5MINS), C (10MINS), D (15MINS), E (20MINS) when compared with control group A (N-SHAM) which suggest that tDCS does not have any neurodegenerative effects and could be safe in its use as neuro-stimulator to enhance cognitive ability in healthy individuals.

Published in	American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15
Page(s)	78-85
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Transcranial, Stimulation, Dorsolateral, Prefrontal, Cytoarchitecture, Electrodes

References

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APA Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju John Afees, Aminu Azeezat Jolade, et al. (2018). Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 6(3), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15

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ACS Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi; Olatunji Sunday Yinka; Owolabi Joshua Oladele; Olanrewaju John Afees; Aminu Azeezat Jolade, et al. Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2018, 6(3), 78-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15

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AMA Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju John Afees, Aminu Azeezat Jolade, et al. Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2018;6(3):78-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15,
  author = {Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi and Olatunji Sunday Yinka and Owolabi Joshua Oladele and Olanrewaju John Afees and Aminu Azeezat Jolade and Fabiyi Sunday Oluseyi},
  title = {Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20180603.15},
  abstract = {Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of electrical modulation of the nervous system activity which involves the uses of low current to stimulate specified areas of the brain using electrodes to the scalp. This study was carried out to investigate if tDCS which is being used in the treatment of various disorders of the brain could have any possible side effects that might be worse than the treated disorder or any effects of tDCS on the cytoarchitecture of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were used and were placed into 5 groups (A-E). Rats in group A were divided into two groups A (SHAM) (tDCS for 30seconds) and A (N-SHAM). Rats in groups B, C, D and E were stimulated for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes with 12Volt respectively for the duration of 14 days and the animals were euthanized on the last day of the experiment two hours post brain stimulation. The specimen were subjected to gross morphological analysis and basic demonstration of the DLPFC using H & E and special stains. There was no significant difference in the neuronal structure and the supporting cells of the brain across the groups A (SHAM), B (5MINS), C (10MINS), D (15MINS), E (20MINS) when compared with control group A (N-SHAM) which suggest that tDCS does not have any neurodegenerative effects and could be safe in its use as neuro-stimulator to enhance cognitive ability in healthy individuals.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure
AU  - Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi
AU  - Olatunji Sunday Yinka
AU  - Owolabi Joshua Oladele
AU  - Olanrewaju John Afees
AU  - Aminu Azeezat Jolade
AU  - Fabiyi Sunday Oluseyi
Y1  - 2018/09/13
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 78
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15
AB  - Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of electrical modulation of the nervous system activity which involves the uses of low current to stimulate specified areas of the brain using electrodes to the scalp. This study was carried out to investigate if tDCS which is being used in the treatment of various disorders of the brain could have any possible side effects that might be worse than the treated disorder or any effects of tDCS on the cytoarchitecture of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were used and were placed into 5 groups (A-E). Rats in group A were divided into two groups A (SHAM) (tDCS for 30seconds) and A (N-SHAM). Rats in groups B, C, D and E were stimulated for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes with 12Volt respectively for the duration of 14 days and the animals were euthanized on the last day of the experiment two hours post brain stimulation. The specimen were subjected to gross morphological analysis and basic demonstration of the DLPFC using H & E and special stains. There was no significant difference in the neuronal structure and the supporting cells of the brain across the groups A (SHAM), B (5MINS), C (10MINS), D (15MINS), E (20MINS) when compared with control group A (N-SHAM) which suggest that tDCS does not have any neurodegenerative effects and could be safe in its use as neuro-stimulator to enhance cognitive ability in healthy individuals.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Olatunji Sunday Yinka

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Owolabi Joshua Oladele

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Olanrewaju John Afees

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Aminu Azeezat Jolade

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Fabiyi Sunday Oluseyi

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju John Afees, Aminu Azeezat Jolade, et al. (2018). Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 6(3), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15

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ACS Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi; Olatunji Sunday Yinka; Owolabi Joshua Oladele; Olanrewaju John Afees; Aminu Azeezat Jolade, et al. Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2018, 6(3), 78-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15

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AMA Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju John Afees, Aminu Azeezat Jolade, et al. Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2018;6(3):78-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15,
  author = {Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi and Olatunji Sunday Yinka and Owolabi Joshua Oladele and Olanrewaju John Afees and Aminu Azeezat Jolade and Fabiyi Sunday Oluseyi},
  title = {Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20180603.15},
  abstract = {Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of electrical modulation of the nervous system activity which involves the uses of low current to stimulate specified areas of the brain using electrodes to the scalp. This study was carried out to investigate if tDCS which is being used in the treatment of various disorders of the brain could have any possible side effects that might be worse than the treated disorder or any effects of tDCS on the cytoarchitecture of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were used and were placed into 5 groups (A-E). Rats in group A were divided into two groups A (SHAM) (tDCS for 30seconds) and A (N-SHAM). Rats in groups B, C, D and E were stimulated for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes with 12Volt respectively for the duration of 14 days and the animals were euthanized on the last day of the experiment two hours post brain stimulation. The specimen were subjected to gross morphological analysis and basic demonstration of the DLPFC using H & E and special stains. There was no significant difference in the neuronal structure and the supporting cells of the brain across the groups A (SHAM), B (5MINS), C (10MINS), D (15MINS), E (20MINS) when compared with control group A (N-SHAM) which suggest that tDCS does not have any neurodegenerative effects and could be safe in its use as neuro-stimulator to enhance cognitive ability in healthy individuals.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Histological Evidence of the Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Therapeutic Procedure
AU  - Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi
AU  - Olatunji Sunday Yinka
AU  - Owolabi Joshua Oladele
AU  - Olanrewaju John Afees
AU  - Aminu Azeezat Jolade
AU  - Fabiyi Sunday Oluseyi
Y1  - 2018/09/13
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 78
EP  - 85
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.15
AB  - Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of electrical modulation of the nervous system activity which involves the uses of low current to stimulate specified areas of the brain using electrodes to the scalp. This study was carried out to investigate if tDCS which is being used in the treatment of various disorders of the brain could have any possible side effects that might be worse than the treated disorder or any effects of tDCS on the cytoarchitecture of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were used and were placed into 5 groups (A-E). Rats in group A were divided into two groups A (SHAM) (tDCS for 30seconds) and A (N-SHAM). Rats in groups B, C, D and E were stimulated for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes with 12Volt respectively for the duration of 14 days and the animals were euthanized on the last day of the experiment two hours post brain stimulation. The specimen were subjected to gross morphological analysis and basic demonstration of the DLPFC using H & E and special stains. There was no significant difference in the neuronal structure and the supporting cells of the brain across the groups A (SHAM), B (5MINS), C (10MINS), D (15MINS), E (20MINS) when compared with control group A (N-SHAM) which suggest that tDCS does not have any neurodegenerative effects and could be safe in its use as neuro-stimulator to enhance cognitive ability in healthy individuals.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download