Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme; Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme, Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe

Published in American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 6 April 2020 Accepted: 22 April 2020 Published: 27 May 2020

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Abstract

This study involves the determination of metal concentration in air, water and soil samples at some selected flow stations in Delta State Nigeria. This is to ascertain the level of pollution of the environment by the companies located in the areas. Soil, air and water samples were collected in triplicate for a period of three months. The metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion and extraction. Results of water analysis showed mean copper in the ranged of 0.14±0.03, 0.03±0.02, 0.35±0.00 and 0.23±0.07 mg/L while zinc ranged from 0.06±0.02, 0.11±0.04, 0.29±0.16 and 2.52±0.97 mg/L for PPL, WRPC, AFS and TPS respectively. Cadmium was 0.06±0.01 and 0.05±0.05 mg/L at WRPC and AFS. Mean concentration of lead in soil ranged from 1.09±0.05, 0.95±0.21, 1.69±0.23 and 0.3±0.06 mg/kg; cadmium ranged from 5.26±0.53, 20.45±1.84, 67.48±11.35 and 0.36±0.15 mg/kg; zinc ranged from 38.26±28.50, 116.41±6.71, 682.33±44.82 and 200.44±20.67 mg/kg while copper ranged from 306.17±6.66, 39.64±8.37, 361.60±30.06 and 163.33±9.55 mg/kg for PPL, AFS, WRPC and TPS respectively. Results of air analysis showed of concentrations of lead to ranged from 0.05 – 0.11 µg/kg, cadmium 0.50 – 1.89 µg/kg, zinc 0.05-1.15 µg/kg and copper 0.17 – 0.55 µg/kg. The results of the analysis found the water to be most polluted followed by the soil while the air was the least. The results obtained from the study found some locations polluted while other slightly polluted. The pollution was therefore attributed to the nature of activities carried out at the various locations. It was therefore recommended that humans should consider the consequences for our actions and work to improve air, water and soil quality for future generation

Published in	American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
Page(s)	9-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Pollution, Location, Flow Station and Samples

References

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[18]	Jiang, W., Lui, D. and Hou, W. (2001). Hyper Accumulation of Cadmium by Roots, Bulbs and Shoots of Garlic, Journal of Bio-resource Technology 76 (1): 9013.
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APA Style

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme, Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. (2020). Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 9(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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ACS Style

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme; Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2020, 9(1), 9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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AMA Style

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme, Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Am J Phys Chem. 2020;9(1):9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12,
  author = {Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme and Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe},
  title = {Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20200901.12},
  abstract = {This study involves the determination of metal concentration in air, water and soil samples at some selected flow stations in Delta State Nigeria. This is to ascertain the level of pollution of the environment by the companies located in the areas. Soil, air and water samples were collected in triplicate for a period of three months. The metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion and extraction. Results of water analysis showed mean copper in the ranged of 0.14±0.03, 0.03±0.02, 0.35±0.00 and 0.23±0.07 mg/L while zinc ranged from 0.06±0.02, 0.11±0.04, 0.29±0.16 and 2.52±0.97 mg/L for PPL, WRPC, AFS and TPS respectively. Cadmium was 0.06±0.01 and 0.05±0.05 mg/L at WRPC and AFS. Mean concentration of lead in soil ranged from 1.09±0.05, 0.95±0.21, 1.69±0.23 and 0.3±0.06 mg/kg; cadmium ranged from 5.26±0.53, 20.45±1.84, 67.48±11.35 and 0.36±0.15 mg/kg; zinc ranged from 38.26±28.50, 116.41±6.71, 682.33±44.82 and 200.44±20.67 mg/kg while copper ranged from 306.17±6.66, 39.64±8.37, 361.60±30.06 and 163.33±9.55 mg/kg for PPL, AFS, WRPC and TPS respectively. Results of air analysis showed of concentrations of lead to ranged from 0.05 – 0.11 µg/kg, cadmium 0.50 – 1.89 µg/kg, zinc 0.05-1.15 µg/kg and copper 0.17 – 0.55 µg/kg. The results of the analysis found the water to be most polluted followed by the soil while the air was the least. The results obtained from the study found some locations polluted while other slightly polluted. The pollution was therefore attributed to the nature of activities carried out at the various locations. It was therefore recommended that humans should consider the consequences for our actions and work to improve air, water and soil quality for future generation},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria
AU  - Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme
AU  - Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe
Y1  - 2020/05/27
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
SP  - 9
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2449
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
AB  - This study involves the determination of metal concentration in air, water and soil samples at some selected flow stations in Delta State Nigeria. This is to ascertain the level of pollution of the environment by the companies located in the areas. Soil, air and water samples were collected in triplicate for a period of three months. The metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion and extraction. Results of water analysis showed mean copper in the ranged of 0.14±0.03, 0.03±0.02, 0.35±0.00 and 0.23±0.07 mg/L while zinc ranged from 0.06±0.02, 0.11±0.04, 0.29±0.16 and 2.52±0.97 mg/L for PPL, WRPC, AFS and TPS respectively. Cadmium was 0.06±0.01 and 0.05±0.05 mg/L at WRPC and AFS. Mean concentration of lead in soil ranged from 1.09±0.05, 0.95±0.21, 1.69±0.23 and 0.3±0.06 mg/kg; cadmium ranged from 5.26±0.53, 20.45±1.84, 67.48±11.35 and 0.36±0.15 mg/kg; zinc ranged from 38.26±28.50, 116.41±6.71, 682.33±44.82 and 200.44±20.67 mg/kg while copper ranged from 306.17±6.66, 39.64±8.37, 361.60±30.06 and 163.33±9.55 mg/kg for PPL, AFS, WRPC and TPS respectively. Results of air analysis showed of concentrations of lead to ranged from 0.05 – 0.11 µg/kg, cadmium 0.50 – 1.89 µg/kg, zinc 0.05-1.15 µg/kg and copper 0.17 – 0.55 µg/kg. The results of the analysis found the water to be most polluted followed by the soil while the air was the least. The results obtained from the study found some locations polluted while other slightly polluted. The pollution was therefore attributed to the nature of activities carried out at the various locations. It was therefore recommended that humans should consider the consequences for our actions and work to improve air, water and soil quality for future generation
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme

Deparment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe

Chemistry Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe, Oghara, Nigeria

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APA Style

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme, Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. (2020). Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 9(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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ACS Style

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme; Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2020, 9(1), 9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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AMA Style

Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme, Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Am J Phys Chem. 2020;9(1):9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12,
  author = {Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme and Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe},
  title = {Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20200901.12},
  abstract = {This study involves the determination of metal concentration in air, water and soil samples at some selected flow stations in Delta State Nigeria. This is to ascertain the level of pollution of the environment by the companies located in the areas. Soil, air and water samples were collected in triplicate for a period of three months. The metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion and extraction. Results of water analysis showed mean copper in the ranged of 0.14±0.03, 0.03±0.02, 0.35±0.00 and 0.23±0.07 mg/L while zinc ranged from 0.06±0.02, 0.11±0.04, 0.29±0.16 and 2.52±0.97 mg/L for PPL, WRPC, AFS and TPS respectively. Cadmium was 0.06±0.01 and 0.05±0.05 mg/L at WRPC and AFS. Mean concentration of lead in soil ranged from 1.09±0.05, 0.95±0.21, 1.69±0.23 and 0.3±0.06 mg/kg; cadmium ranged from 5.26±0.53, 20.45±1.84, 67.48±11.35 and 0.36±0.15 mg/kg; zinc ranged from 38.26±28.50, 116.41±6.71, 682.33±44.82 and 200.44±20.67 mg/kg while copper ranged from 306.17±6.66, 39.64±8.37, 361.60±30.06 and 163.33±9.55 mg/kg for PPL, AFS, WRPC and TPS respectively. Results of air analysis showed of concentrations of lead to ranged from 0.05 – 0.11 µg/kg, cadmium 0.50 – 1.89 µg/kg, zinc 0.05-1.15 µg/kg and copper 0.17 – 0.55 µg/kg. The results of the analysis found the water to be most polluted followed by the soil while the air was the least. The results obtained from the study found some locations polluted while other slightly polluted. The pollution was therefore attributed to the nature of activities carried out at the various locations. It was therefore recommended that humans should consider the consequences for our actions and work to improve air, water and soil quality for future generation},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria
AU  - Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme
AU  - Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe
Y1  - 2020/05/27
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
SP  - 9
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2449
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
AB  - This study involves the determination of metal concentration in air, water and soil samples at some selected flow stations in Delta State Nigeria. This is to ascertain the level of pollution of the environment by the companies located in the areas. Soil, air and water samples were collected in triplicate for a period of three months. The metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion and extraction. Results of water analysis showed mean copper in the ranged of 0.14±0.03, 0.03±0.02, 0.35±0.00 and 0.23±0.07 mg/L while zinc ranged from 0.06±0.02, 0.11±0.04, 0.29±0.16 and 2.52±0.97 mg/L for PPL, WRPC, AFS and TPS respectively. Cadmium was 0.06±0.01 and 0.05±0.05 mg/L at WRPC and AFS. Mean concentration of lead in soil ranged from 1.09±0.05, 0.95±0.21, 1.69±0.23 and 0.3±0.06 mg/kg; cadmium ranged from 5.26±0.53, 20.45±1.84, 67.48±11.35 and 0.36±0.15 mg/kg; zinc ranged from 38.26±28.50, 116.41±6.71, 682.33±44.82 and 200.44±20.67 mg/kg while copper ranged from 306.17±6.66, 39.64±8.37, 361.60±30.06 and 163.33±9.55 mg/kg for PPL, AFS, WRPC and TPS respectively. Results of air analysis showed of concentrations of lead to ranged from 0.05 – 0.11 µg/kg, cadmium 0.50 – 1.89 µg/kg, zinc 0.05-1.15 µg/kg and copper 0.17 – 0.55 µg/kg. The results of the analysis found the water to be most polluted followed by the soil while the air was the least. The results obtained from the study found some locations polluted while other slightly polluted. The pollution was therefore attributed to the nature of activities carried out at the various locations. It was therefore recommended that humans should consider the consequences for our actions and work to improve air, water and soil quality for future generation
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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