,
Djicknack Dione,
Oumar Ndiaye,
Moussa Hamady Sy,
Nogaye Ndiaye,
Alassane Traore,
Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao
Applying X-ray fluorescence (XRF), this study investigated the elemental analysis and heavy metal contents in five Senegalese powdered milk samples (V1, L1, H1, G1, and D1). The primary focus was on Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Phosphorous (P), and Chlorine (Cl), with special attention given to the compliance of these elements with safety standards. The analysis revealed that Aluminum was either absent or present in minimal quantities across all samples, suggesting that the powdered milk is largely free from this element. Calcium levels were found to be consistently higher than the Acceptable Maximum Level (AML) across all samples, with the H1 sample significantly exceeding the AML by approximately 11.1 times, with a concentration of 27,745.06 ± 310.16 ppm. This indicates a potential risk of excessive calcium intake from this sample. Potassium concentrations varied significantly; while the V1 sample remained within acceptable limits, the G1 sample exhibited potassium levels substantially above the AML, reaching 51,058.15 ± 456.13 ppm, which could pose health concerns if consumed in large quantities. Chlorine concentrations generally met the AML, except for the G1 sample, which slightly surpassed the limit at 3631.04 ± 31.23 ppm. The phosphorus content in the H1 sample was notably high, though further details are needed to fully assess its implications. The study underscores the necessity for continuous monitoring of heavy metal and elemental levels in powdered milk to ensure consumer safety.
| Published in | American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 13, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12 |
| Page(s) | 57-63 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
X-ray Fluorescence, Powdered Milk, Heavy Metal Concentrations, Elemental Analysis and AML
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APA Style
Faye, P. M., Dione, D., Ndiaye, O., Sy, M. H., Ndiaye, N., et al. (2024). Using Nuclear Methods in X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Quantify Heavy Metals in Senegalese Powdered Milk: Improving Milk Safety. American Journal of Modern Physics, 13(4), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12
ACS Style
Faye, P. M.; Dione, D.; Ndiaye, O.; Sy, M. H.; Ndiaye, N., et al. Using Nuclear Methods in X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Quantify Heavy Metals in Senegalese Powdered Milk: Improving Milk Safety. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2024, 13(4), 57-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12
AMA Style
Faye PM, Dione D, Ndiaye O, Sy MH, Ndiaye N, et al. Using Nuclear Methods in X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Quantify Heavy Metals in Senegalese Powdered Milk: Improving Milk Safety. Am J Mod Phys. 2024;13(4):57-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12,
author = {Papa Macoumba Faye and Djicknack Dione and Oumar Ndiaye and Moussa Hamady Sy and Nogaye Ndiaye and Alassane Traore and Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao},
title = {Using Nuclear Methods in X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Quantify Heavy Metals in Senegalese Powdered Milk: Improving Milk Safety
},
journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {57-63},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20241304.12},
abstract = {Applying X-ray fluorescence (XRF), this study investigated the elemental analysis and heavy metal contents in five Senegalese powdered milk samples (V1, L1, H1, G1, and D1). The primary focus was on Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Phosphorous (P), and Chlorine (Cl), with special attention given to the compliance of these elements with safety standards. The analysis revealed that Aluminum was either absent or present in minimal quantities across all samples, suggesting that the powdered milk is largely free from this element. Calcium levels were found to be consistently higher than the Acceptable Maximum Level (AML) across all samples, with the H1 sample significantly exceeding the AML by approximately 11.1 times, with a concentration of 27,745.06 ± 310.16 ppm. This indicates a potential risk of excessive calcium intake from this sample. Potassium concentrations varied significantly; while the V1 sample remained within acceptable limits, the G1 sample exhibited potassium levels substantially above the AML, reaching 51,058.15 ± 456.13 ppm, which could pose health concerns if consumed in large quantities. Chlorine concentrations generally met the AML, except for the G1 sample, which slightly surpassed the limit at 3631.04 ± 31.23 ppm. The phosphorus content in the H1 sample was notably high, though further details are needed to fully assess its implications. The study underscores the necessity for continuous monitoring of heavy metal and elemental levels in powdered milk to ensure consumer safety.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Using Nuclear Methods in X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Quantify Heavy Metals in Senegalese Powdered Milk: Improving Milk Safety AU - Papa Macoumba Faye AU - Djicknack Dione AU - Oumar Ndiaye AU - Moussa Hamady Sy AU - Nogaye Ndiaye AU - Alassane Traore AU - Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao Y1 - 2024/09/29 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12 T2 - American Journal of Modern Physics JF - American Journal of Modern Physics JO - American Journal of Modern Physics SP - 57 EP - 63 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2326-8891 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20241304.12 AB - Applying X-ray fluorescence (XRF), this study investigated the elemental analysis and heavy metal contents in five Senegalese powdered milk samples (V1, L1, H1, G1, and D1). The primary focus was on Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Phosphorous (P), and Chlorine (Cl), with special attention given to the compliance of these elements with safety standards. The analysis revealed that Aluminum was either absent or present in minimal quantities across all samples, suggesting that the powdered milk is largely free from this element. Calcium levels were found to be consistently higher than the Acceptable Maximum Level (AML) across all samples, with the H1 sample significantly exceeding the AML by approximately 11.1 times, with a concentration of 27,745.06 ± 310.16 ppm. This indicates a potential risk of excessive calcium intake from this sample. Potassium concentrations varied significantly; while the V1 sample remained within acceptable limits, the G1 sample exhibited potassium levels substantially above the AML, reaching 51,058.15 ± 456.13 ppm, which could pose health concerns if consumed in large quantities. Chlorine concentrations generally met the AML, except for the G1 sample, which slightly surpassed the limit at 3631.04 ± 31.23 ppm. The phosphorus content in the H1 sample was notably high, though further details are needed to fully assess its implications. The study underscores the necessity for continuous monitoring of heavy metal and elemental levels in powdered milk to ensure consumer safety. VL - 13 IS - 4 ER -
Institute Technologies of Nuclear Applied, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Physics of Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Institute Technologies of Nuclear Applied, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Physics of Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Institute Technologies of Nuclear Applied, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Physics of Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Institute Technologies of Nuclear Applied, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Physics of Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Institute Technologies of Nuclear Applied, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Physics of Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Institute Technologies of Nuclear Applied, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Physics of Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Institute Technologies of Nuclear Applied, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Physics of Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
