On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution

Alexander L Shimkevich

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11

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On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution

Alexander L Shimkevich

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 7 May 2013 Published: 10 June 2013

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Abstract

Studying electron properties of liquid water in the frame of band theory shows that obtaining its non-stoichiometric state is a simple way to vary physical and chemical properties, and changing a Reduction–Oxidation (RedOx) potential of any aqueous solution. In this connection, Fermi level in the band gap, as a measurable characteristic of non-stoichiometric liquid water, is the most convenient energy for monitoring and managing its RedOx potential. The hypo-stoichiometric state, H2O1–z, of liquid water is realized when the position of Fermi level is shifted to the bottom of conduction band. This state can be fixed by micro emulsifying gaseous hydrogen in liquid water or by electro-reducing the alkaline solution (catholyte) with possible forming alkaline (A) nanohydrides (AHH2O) n. As strong reducers, they can be quasi-stable in the aqueous solution and be an effective means for holding the negative RedOx potential of liquid water.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11
Page(s)	185-189
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

RedOx Potential, Fermi Level, Liquid Water, Hypo-stoichiometric State, Alkaline Solution, Catholyte, Nanohydrides

References

[1]	Ph. Wernet et al., Science, vol. 304, p. 995, 2004.
[2]	T. Tokushima et al., "High resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy of liquid water: the observation of two structural motifs", Chem. Phys. Letters, vol. 460, p. 387, 2008.
[3]	P.N. Alekseev, Yu.M. Semchenkov, A.L. Shimkevich, "Aqueous nanofluid as a two-phase coolant for PWR", Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, Article ID 214381, 6 pages, 2012, doi: 10.1155/2012/214381.
[4]	A.L. Shimkevich and I.Yu. Shimkevich, "On 2D water chemistry", in Proceedings of Nuclear Plant Chemistry Conference (NPC-2012), Paper # P1-39-176, 2012.
[5]	G. Galli, Electronic properties of water, University of California, Davis, http://angstrom.ucdavis.edu.
[6]	M. Chaplin, Ionization of water, London: South Bank University, 2008.
[7]	Ch. Kittel, H. Kroemer, Thermal physics, 2nd ed., San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1980. ISBN 978-0-7167-1088-2.
[8]	http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/electrolysis.html.
[9]	W.M. Clark, The determination of hydrogen ions, 2nd ed., Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co. USA, 1927.
[10]	G.R. Buettner, F.Q. Schafer, "Free radicals, oxidants, and antioxidants", Teratology, vol. 62, p. 234, 2000.
[11]	M. Chen et al., "Synthesis and self-organization of soluble monodisperse palladium nanoclusters", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 287, p. 146, 2005.

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Alexander L Shimkevich. (2013). On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution. American Journal of Modern Physics, 2(4), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11

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Alexander L Shimkevich. On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2013, 2(4), 185-189. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11

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Alexander L Shimkevich. On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution. Am J Mod Phys. 2013;2(4):185-189. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11,
  author = {Alexander L Shimkevich},
  title = {On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {185-189},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20130204.11},
  abstract = {Studying electron properties of liquid water in the frame of band theory shows that obtaining its non-stoichiometric state is a simple way to vary physical and chemical properties, and changing a Reduction–Oxidation (RedOx) potential of any aqueous solution. In this connection, Fermi level in the band gap, as a measurable characteristic of non-stoichiometric liquid water, is the most convenient energy for monitoring and managing its RedOx potential. The hypo-stoichiometric state, H2O1–z, of liquid water is realized when the position of Fermi level is shifted to the bottom of conduction band. This state can be fixed by micro emulsifying gaseous hydrogen in liquid water or by electro-reducing the alkaline solution (catholyte) with possible forming alkaline (A) nanohydrides (AHH2O) n. As strong reducers, they can be quasi-stable in the aqueous solution and be an effective means for holding the negative RedOx potential of liquid water.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution
AU  - Alexander L Shimkevich
Y1  - 2013/06/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 185
EP  - 189
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11
AB  - Studying electron properties of liquid water in the frame of band theory shows that obtaining its non-stoichiometric state is a simple way to vary physical and chemical properties, and changing a Reduction–Oxidation (RedOx) potential of any aqueous solution. In this connection, Fermi level in the band gap, as a measurable characteristic of non-stoichiometric liquid water, is the most convenient energy for monitoring and managing its RedOx potential. The hypo-stoichiometric state, H2O1–z, of liquid water is realized when the position of Fermi level is shifted to the bottom of conduction band. This state can be fixed by micro emulsifying gaseous hydrogen in liquid water or by electro-reducing the alkaline solution (catholyte) with possible forming alkaline (A) nanohydrides (AHH2O) n. As strong reducers, they can be quasi-stable in the aqueous solution and be an effective means for holding the negative RedOx potential of liquid water.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Alexander L Shimkevich

NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Kurchatov Sq., Moscow, 123182, Russia

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APA Style

Alexander L Shimkevich. (2013). On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution. American Journal of Modern Physics, 2(4), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11

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ACS Style

Alexander L Shimkevich. On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2013, 2(4), 185-189. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11

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AMA Style

Alexander L Shimkevich. On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution. Am J Mod Phys. 2013;2(4):185-189. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11,
  author = {Alexander L Shimkevich},
  title = {On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {185-189},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20130204.11},
  abstract = {Studying electron properties of liquid water in the frame of band theory shows that obtaining its non-stoichiometric state is a simple way to vary physical and chemical properties, and changing a Reduction–Oxidation (RedOx) potential of any aqueous solution. In this connection, Fermi level in the band gap, as a measurable characteristic of non-stoichiometric liquid water, is the most convenient energy for monitoring and managing its RedOx potential. The hypo-stoichiometric state, H2O1–z, of liquid water is realized when the position of Fermi level is shifted to the bottom of conduction band. This state can be fixed by micro emulsifying gaseous hydrogen in liquid water or by electro-reducing the alkaline solution (catholyte) with possible forming alkaline (A) nanohydrides (AHH2O) n. As strong reducers, they can be quasi-stable in the aqueous solution and be an effective means for holding the negative RedOx potential of liquid water.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - On Arising Nanohydrides in Reduced Alkaline Solution
AU  - Alexander L Shimkevich
Y1  - 2013/06/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 185
EP  - 189
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130204.11
AB  - Studying electron properties of liquid water in the frame of band theory shows that obtaining its non-stoichiometric state is a simple way to vary physical and chemical properties, and changing a Reduction–Oxidation (RedOx) potential of any aqueous solution. In this connection, Fermi level in the band gap, as a measurable characteristic of non-stoichiometric liquid water, is the most convenient energy for monitoring and managing its RedOx potential. The hypo-stoichiometric state, H2O1–z, of liquid water is realized when the position of Fermi level is shifted to the bottom of conduction band. This state can be fixed by micro emulsifying gaseous hydrogen in liquid water or by electro-reducing the alkaline solution (catholyte) with possible forming alkaline (A) nanohydrides (AHH2O) n. As strong reducers, they can be quasi-stable in the aqueous solution and be an effective means for holding the negative RedOx potential of liquid water.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download