Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018

Ataguade Mekonnen; Wondwossen Terefe; Abate Bekele Belachew; Amaha Kahsay Adhanu; Kebede Embaye Gezae

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018

Ataguade Mekonnen, Wondwossen Terefe, Abate Bekele Belachew, Amaha Kahsay Adhanu, Kebede Embaye Gezae

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)

Received: 30 May 2019 Accepted: 21 October 2019 Published: 30 October 2019

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Abstract

It has been evidenced that zinc deficiency has an adverse effect on both mother and fetus, and subsequent birth outcomes and child survival. However, data on the prevalence and determinants of zinc deficiency among pregnant women are scanty in the country. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in the study setting in particular and the country in general. Hospital based cross-sectional study was done in Gambella Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia from January to March, 2016. A randomly selected 246 pregnant women were included in this study. Blood samples were collected to analyze biochemical indicators of zinc deficiency. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the effect of various explanatory variables on the serum zinc level. The mean serum zinc concentration was 58.75μg/dl (95%CI: 56.10-61.41). The overall prevalence of zinc deficiency among pregnant women was 55.3% (95% CI: 50.0-61.3). Zinc deficiency was positively associated with short birth interval (AOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.08-6.27), the third trimester (AOR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.49-9.49), failure to consume diet of animal source (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.01-5.74), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=3.59; 95% CI: 1.45-8.96), low serum albumin level (AOR=3.05; 95%CI: 1.31-7.08), and anemia (AOR=3.09; 95%CI: 1.19-7.95). More than half (55.3%) of pregnant women had biochemical evidence of zinc deficiency. Moreover, the magnitude of zinc deficiency was pronounced among pregnant mothers with short birth interval, advanced gestational age, minimal intake of animal food sources, inadequate dietary diversity score, low serum albumin level, and low hemoglobin level (anemia). Therefore, effort should be made to encourage pregnant mothers to consume balanced diet including animal food sources particularly in their third trimester, to monitor their hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, and strengthening family planning implementations to prevent the occurrence of zinc deficiency.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12
Page(s)	91-99
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cross Sectional Study, Gambella, Pregnant Women, Zinc Deficiency

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Ataguade Mekonnen, Wondwossen Terefe, Abate Bekele Belachew, Amaha Kahsay Adhanu, Kebede Embaye Gezae. (2019). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018. American Journal of Life Sciences, 7(5), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12

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ACS Style

Ataguade Mekonnen; Wondwossen Terefe; Abate Bekele Belachew; Amaha Kahsay Adhanu; Kebede Embaye Gezae. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018. Am. J. Life Sci. 2019, 7(5), 91-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12

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AMA Style

Ataguade Mekonnen, Wondwossen Terefe, Abate Bekele Belachew, Amaha Kahsay Adhanu, Kebede Embaye Gezae. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018. Am J Life Sci. 2019;7(5):91-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12,
  author = {Ataguade Mekonnen and Wondwossen Terefe and Abate Bekele Belachew and Amaha Kahsay Adhanu and Kebede Embaye Gezae},
  title = {Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {91-99},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20190705.12},
  abstract = {It has been evidenced that zinc deficiency has an adverse effect on both mother and fetus, and subsequent birth outcomes and child survival. However, data on the prevalence and determinants of zinc deficiency among pregnant women are scanty in the country. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in the study setting in particular and the country in general. Hospital based cross-sectional study was done in Gambella Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia from January to March, 2016. A randomly selected 246 pregnant women were included in this study. Blood samples were collected to analyze biochemical indicators of zinc deficiency. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the effect of various explanatory variables on the serum zinc level. The mean serum zinc concentration was 58.75μg/dl (95%CI: 56.10-61.41). The overall prevalence of zinc deficiency among pregnant women was 55.3% (95% CI: 50.0-61.3). Zinc deficiency was positively associated with short birth interval (AOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.08-6.27), the third trimester (AOR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.49-9.49), failure to consume diet of animal source (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.01-5.74), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=3.59; 95% CI: 1.45-8.96), low serum albumin level (AOR=3.05; 95%CI: 1.31-7.08), and anemia (AOR=3.09; 95%CI: 1.19-7.95). More than half (55.3%) of pregnant women had biochemical evidence of zinc deficiency. Moreover, the magnitude of zinc deficiency was pronounced among pregnant mothers with short birth interval, advanced gestational age, minimal intake of animal food sources, inadequate dietary diversity score, low serum albumin level, and low hemoglobin level (anemia). Therefore, effort should be made to encourage pregnant mothers to consume balanced diet including animal food sources particularly in their third trimester, to monitor their hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, and strengthening family planning implementations to prevent the occurrence of zinc deficiency.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018
AU  - Ataguade Mekonnen
AU  - Wondwossen Terefe
AU  - Abate Bekele Belachew
AU  - Amaha Kahsay Adhanu
AU  - Kebede Embaye Gezae
Y1  - 2019/10/30
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 91
EP  - 99
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12
AB  - It has been evidenced that zinc deficiency has an adverse effect on both mother and fetus, and subsequent birth outcomes and child survival. However, data on the prevalence and determinants of zinc deficiency among pregnant women are scanty in the country. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in the study setting in particular and the country in general. Hospital based cross-sectional study was done in Gambella Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia from January to March, 2016. A randomly selected 246 pregnant women were included in this study. Blood samples were collected to analyze biochemical indicators of zinc deficiency. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the effect of various explanatory variables on the serum zinc level. The mean serum zinc concentration was 58.75μg/dl (95%CI: 56.10-61.41). The overall prevalence of zinc deficiency among pregnant women was 55.3% (95% CI: 50.0-61.3). Zinc deficiency was positively associated with short birth interval (AOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.08-6.27), the third trimester (AOR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.49-9.49), failure to consume diet of animal source (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.01-5.74), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=3.59; 95% CI: 1.45-8.96), low serum albumin level (AOR=3.05; 95%CI: 1.31-7.08), and anemia (AOR=3.09; 95%CI: 1.19-7.95). More than half (55.3%) of pregnant women had biochemical evidence of zinc deficiency. Moreover, the magnitude of zinc deficiency was pronounced among pregnant mothers with short birth interval, advanced gestational age, minimal intake of animal food sources, inadequate dietary diversity score, low serum albumin level, and low hemoglobin level (anemia). Therefore, effort should be made to encourage pregnant mothers to consume balanced diet including animal food sources particularly in their third trimester, to monitor their hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, and strengthening family planning implementations to prevent the occurrence of zinc deficiency.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Ataguade Mekonnen

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Gambella of Health Sciences, Gambella, Ethiopia
Wondwossen Terefe

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Abate Bekele Belachew

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Amaha Kahsay Adhanu

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Kebede Embaye Gezae

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

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Ataguade Mekonnen, Wondwossen Terefe, Abate Bekele Belachew, Amaha Kahsay Adhanu, Kebede Embaye Gezae. (2019). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018. American Journal of Life Sciences, 7(5), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12

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ACS Style

Ataguade Mekonnen; Wondwossen Terefe; Abate Bekele Belachew; Amaha Kahsay Adhanu; Kebede Embaye Gezae. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018. Am. J. Life Sci. 2019, 7(5), 91-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12

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AMA Style

Ataguade Mekonnen, Wondwossen Terefe, Abate Bekele Belachew, Amaha Kahsay Adhanu, Kebede Embaye Gezae. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018. Am J Life Sci. 2019;7(5):91-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12,
  author = {Ataguade Mekonnen and Wondwossen Terefe and Abate Bekele Belachew and Amaha Kahsay Adhanu and Kebede Embaye Gezae},
  title = {Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {91-99},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20190705.12},
  abstract = {It has been evidenced that zinc deficiency has an adverse effect on both mother and fetus, and subsequent birth outcomes and child survival. However, data on the prevalence and determinants of zinc deficiency among pregnant women are scanty in the country. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in the study setting in particular and the country in general. Hospital based cross-sectional study was done in Gambella Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia from January to March, 2016. A randomly selected 246 pregnant women were included in this study. Blood samples were collected to analyze biochemical indicators of zinc deficiency. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the effect of various explanatory variables on the serum zinc level. The mean serum zinc concentration was 58.75μg/dl (95%CI: 56.10-61.41). The overall prevalence of zinc deficiency among pregnant women was 55.3% (95% CI: 50.0-61.3). Zinc deficiency was positively associated with short birth interval (AOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.08-6.27), the third trimester (AOR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.49-9.49), failure to consume diet of animal source (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.01-5.74), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=3.59; 95% CI: 1.45-8.96), low serum albumin level (AOR=3.05; 95%CI: 1.31-7.08), and anemia (AOR=3.09; 95%CI: 1.19-7.95). More than half (55.3%) of pregnant women had biochemical evidence of zinc deficiency. Moreover, the magnitude of zinc deficiency was pronounced among pregnant mothers with short birth interval, advanced gestational age, minimal intake of animal food sources, inadequate dietary diversity score, low serum albumin level, and low hemoglobin level (anemia). Therefore, effort should be made to encourage pregnant mothers to consume balanced diet including animal food sources particularly in their third trimester, to monitor their hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, and strengthening family planning implementations to prevent the occurrence of zinc deficiency.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence and Associated Factors of Zinc Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Gambella Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia, 2018
AU  - Ataguade Mekonnen
AU  - Wondwossen Terefe
AU  - Abate Bekele Belachew
AU  - Amaha Kahsay Adhanu
AU  - Kebede Embaye Gezae
Y1  - 2019/10/30
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 91
EP  - 99
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20190705.12
AB  - It has been evidenced that zinc deficiency has an adverse effect on both mother and fetus, and subsequent birth outcomes and child survival. However, data on the prevalence and determinants of zinc deficiency among pregnant women are scanty in the country. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in the study setting in particular and the country in general. Hospital based cross-sectional study was done in Gambella Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia from January to March, 2016. A randomly selected 246 pregnant women were included in this study. Blood samples were collected to analyze biochemical indicators of zinc deficiency. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the effect of various explanatory variables on the serum zinc level. The mean serum zinc concentration was 58.75μg/dl (95%CI: 56.10-61.41). The overall prevalence of zinc deficiency among pregnant women was 55.3% (95% CI: 50.0-61.3). Zinc deficiency was positively associated with short birth interval (AOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.08-6.27), the third trimester (AOR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.49-9.49), failure to consume diet of animal source (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.01-5.74), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=3.59; 95% CI: 1.45-8.96), low serum albumin level (AOR=3.05; 95%CI: 1.31-7.08), and anemia (AOR=3.09; 95%CI: 1.19-7.95). More than half (55.3%) of pregnant women had biochemical evidence of zinc deficiency. Moreover, the magnitude of zinc deficiency was pronounced among pregnant mothers with short birth interval, advanced gestational age, minimal intake of animal food sources, inadequate dietary diversity score, low serum albumin level, and low hemoglobin level (anemia). Therefore, effort should be made to encourage pregnant mothers to consume balanced diet including animal food sources particularly in their third trimester, to monitor their hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, and strengthening family planning implementations to prevent the occurrence of zinc deficiency.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
ER  -

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