Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019

Dissanayake Dmdok; Kurugama Kakm

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12

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Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019

Dissanayake Dmdok, Kurugama Kakm

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 22 June 2021 Accepted: 5 July 2021 Published: 13 July 2021

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Abstract

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a metropolis whose temperature is several degrees higher than the surrounding rural areas. In connection with the UHI phenomenon, the earth’s surface temperature (LST) was estimated using Landsat satellite imagery covering the city of Colombo. The results showed that the UHI effect spread to the north, east, and southeast of Colombo City between 2001 and 2019. Analyzing the correlation between the LST, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) and normalized difference index (NDBI), it is found that there is an inverse correlation between NDVI and LST; however, it is reported that NDBI is associated with the four LST periods of 2001, 2009, 2016 and 2019 which indicates that vegetation can weaken UHI, while built-up land can enhance the UHI. The result of albedo analysis shows that low albedo has a greater impact on the formation of UHI. According to this environmental assessment using the Urban Thermal Difference Index (UTFVI), 27% of the region suffers the worst thermal stress. Therefore, in future urban planning, mitigation measures should be taken to improve the quality of the life of the people and the environment in the city of Colombo.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12
Page(s)	66-76
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Urban Heat Island (UHI), NDVI, NDBI LST, UTFVI, Albedo

References

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[12]	Ranagalage, M., Estoque, R. and Murayama, Y., 2017. An Urban Heat Island Study of the Colombo Metropolitan Area, Sri Lanka, Based on Landsat Data (1997–2017). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6 (7), p. 189.
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[17]	Salomon, J., Schaaf, C., Strahler, A., Feng Gao and Yufang Jin, 2006. Validation of the MODIS bidirectional reflectance distribution function and albedo retrievals using combined observations from the aqua and terra platforms. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44 (6), pp. 1555-1565.
[18]	Zaeemdar, S. and Baycan, T., 2017. Analysis of the Relationship between Urban Heat Island and Land Cover in Istanbul through Landsat 8 OLI. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 8 (11). doi: 10.4172/2157-7617.1000423.
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Dissanayake Dmdok, Kurugama Kakm. (2021). Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 10(3), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12

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ACS Style

Dissanayake Dmdok; Kurugama Kakm. Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 10(3), 66-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12

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AMA Style

Dissanayake Dmdok, Kurugama Kakm. Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019. Am J Environ Prot. 2021;10(3):66-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12,
  author = {Dissanayake Dmdok and Kurugama Kakm},
  title = {Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {66-76},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20211003.12},
  abstract = {The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a metropolis whose temperature is several degrees higher than the surrounding rural areas. In connection with the UHI phenomenon, the earth’s surface temperature (LST) was estimated using Landsat satellite imagery covering the city of Colombo. The results showed that the UHI effect spread to the north, east, and southeast of Colombo City between 2001 and 2019. Analyzing the correlation between the LST, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) and normalized difference index (NDBI), it is found that there is an inverse correlation between NDVI and LST; however, it is reported that NDBI is associated with the four LST periods of 2001, 2009, 2016 and 2019 which indicates that vegetation can weaken UHI, while built-up land can enhance the UHI. The result of albedo analysis shows that low albedo has a greater impact on the formation of UHI. According to this environmental assessment using the Urban Thermal Difference Index (UTFVI), 27% of the region suffers the worst thermal stress. Therefore, in future urban planning, mitigation measures should be taken to improve the quality of the life of the people and the environment in the city of Colombo.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019
AU  - Dissanayake Dmdok
AU  - Kurugama Kakm
Y1  - 2021/07/13
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 66
EP  - 76
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12
AB  - The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a metropolis whose temperature is several degrees higher than the surrounding rural areas. In connection with the UHI phenomenon, the earth’s surface temperature (LST) was estimated using Landsat satellite imagery covering the city of Colombo. The results showed that the UHI effect spread to the north, east, and southeast of Colombo City between 2001 and 2019. Analyzing the correlation between the LST, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) and normalized difference index (NDBI), it is found that there is an inverse correlation between NDVI and LST; however, it is reported that NDBI is associated with the four LST periods of 2001, 2009, 2016 and 2019 which indicates that vegetation can weaken UHI, while built-up land can enhance the UHI. The result of albedo analysis shows that low albedo has a greater impact on the formation of UHI. According to this environmental assessment using the Urban Thermal Difference Index (UTFVI), 27% of the region suffers the worst thermal stress. Therefore, in future urban planning, mitigation measures should be taken to improve the quality of the life of the people and the environment in the city of Colombo.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Dissanayake Dmdok

Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Katubedda, Sri Lanka
Kurugama Kakm

Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Katubedda, Sri Lanka

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APA Style

Dissanayake Dmdok, Kurugama Kakm. (2021). Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 10(3), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12

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ACS Style

Dissanayake Dmdok; Kurugama Kakm. Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 10(3), 66-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12

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AMA Style

Dissanayake Dmdok, Kurugama Kakm. Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019. Am J Environ Prot. 2021;10(3):66-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12,
  author = {Dissanayake Dmdok and Kurugama Kakm},
  title = {Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {66-76},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20211003.12},
  abstract = {The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a metropolis whose temperature is several degrees higher than the surrounding rural areas. In connection with the UHI phenomenon, the earth’s surface temperature (LST) was estimated using Landsat satellite imagery covering the city of Colombo. The results showed that the UHI effect spread to the north, east, and southeast of Colombo City between 2001 and 2019. Analyzing the correlation between the LST, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) and normalized difference index (NDBI), it is found that there is an inverse correlation between NDVI and LST; however, it is reported that NDBI is associated with the four LST periods of 2001, 2009, 2016 and 2019 which indicates that vegetation can weaken UHI, while built-up land can enhance the UHI. The result of albedo analysis shows that low albedo has a greater impact on the formation of UHI. According to this environmental assessment using the Urban Thermal Difference Index (UTFVI), 27% of the region suffers the worst thermal stress. Therefore, in future urban planning, mitigation measures should be taken to improve the quality of the life of the people and the environment in the city of Colombo.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Urbanization of Colombo City and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature from 2001-2019
AU  - Dissanayake Dmdok
AU  - Kurugama Kakm
Y1  - 2021/07/13
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 66
EP  - 76
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211003.12
AB  - The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a metropolis whose temperature is several degrees higher than the surrounding rural areas. In connection with the UHI phenomenon, the earth’s surface temperature (LST) was estimated using Landsat satellite imagery covering the city of Colombo. The results showed that the UHI effect spread to the north, east, and southeast of Colombo City between 2001 and 2019. Analyzing the correlation between the LST, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) and normalized difference index (NDBI), it is found that there is an inverse correlation between NDVI and LST; however, it is reported that NDBI is associated with the four LST periods of 2001, 2009, 2016 and 2019 which indicates that vegetation can weaken UHI, while built-up land can enhance the UHI. The result of albedo analysis shows that low albedo has a greater impact on the formation of UHI. According to this environmental assessment using the Urban Thermal Difference Index (UTFVI), 27% of the region suffers the worst thermal stress. Therefore, in future urban planning, mitigation measures should be taken to improve the quality of the life of the people and the environment in the city of Colombo.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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