Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe

Silipiwe Sharai; Tarakini Tawanda; Chibememe Gladman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12

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Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe

Silipiwe Sharai, Tarakini Tawanda, Chibememe Gladman

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 20 April 2020 Accepted: 5 May 2020 Published: 27 May 2020

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Abstract

Wetlands are valuable ecosystems on which humans depend through the utilisation of the ecological goods and services including water for domestic and commercial use. Until recently, efforts on wetland conservation have shifted to community participation since they are important stakeholders in using wetland resources. This study solicited local people’s perceptions on 1) threats to the Monavale wetland (Harare, Zimbabwe), 2) the conservation strategies they perceive most appropriate and 3) the likely consequences of losing this wetland. The study used 80 household questionnaires that were administered to four suburbs (representing three wards) surrounding Monavale, with respondents having different socio-demographic variables (age, ward, employment status and education level). Chi-square tests were used to test for associations between perceived threats across all variables. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed to explore relationships between respondents’ socio-demographic variables with 1) goods and services, and 2) perceived consequences of losing Monavale wetland. Main threats cited were agriculture and housing development projects (43 and 36% of respondents respectively). People from wards 5 and 7 cited mostly socio-economic whilst ward 16 cited ecological related goods and services. The respondents’ age was associated with perceptions towards the threats facing Monavale wetland (χ²=31.563, d. f=12, P=0.002). Respondents cited 5 pieces of legislation with Environmental Management Act being the most (75% of respondents) which they think could be better implemented if wetland conservation is to be achieved. The study concludes that, there is need to integrate all relevant stakeholders in wetland conservation for effective legislation implementation as well as increasing educational awareness to both communities and policy makers.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12
Page(s)	31-38
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Wetlands, Communities, Goods and Services, Threats, Conservation Strategies, Management, Legislation

References

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APA Style

Silipiwe Sharai, Tarakini Tawanda, Chibememe Gladman. (2020). Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 9(2), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12

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ACS Style

Silipiwe Sharai; Tarakini Tawanda; Chibememe Gladman. Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2020, 9(2), 31-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12

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AMA Style

Silipiwe Sharai, Tarakini Tawanda, Chibememe Gladman. Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe. Am J Environ Prot. 2020;9(2):31-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12,
  author = {Silipiwe Sharai and Tarakini Tawanda and Chibememe Gladman},
  title = {Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20200902.12},
  abstract = {Wetlands are valuable ecosystems on which humans depend through the utilisation of the ecological goods and services including water for domestic and commercial use. Until recently, efforts on wetland conservation have shifted to community participation since they are important stakeholders in using wetland resources. This study solicited local people’s perceptions on 1) threats to the Monavale wetland (Harare, Zimbabwe), 2) the conservation strategies they perceive most appropriate and 3) the likely consequences of losing this wetland. The study used 80 household questionnaires that were administered to four suburbs (representing three wards) surrounding Monavale, with respondents having different socio-demographic variables (age, ward, employment status and education level). Chi-square tests were used to test for associations between perceived threats across all variables. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed to explore relationships between respondents’ socio-demographic variables with 1) goods and services, and 2) perceived consequences of losing Monavale wetland. Main threats cited were agriculture and housing development projects (43 and 36% of respondents respectively). People from wards 5 and 7 cited mostly socio-economic whilst ward 16 cited ecological related goods and services. The respondents’ age was associated with perceptions towards the threats facing Monavale wetland (χ2=31.563, d. f=12, P=0.002). Respondents cited 5 pieces of legislation with Environmental Management Act being the most (75% of respondents) which they think could be better implemented if wetland conservation is to be achieved. The study concludes that, there is need to integrate all relevant stakeholders in wetland conservation for effective legislation implementation as well as increasing educational awareness to both communities and policy makers.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe
AU  - Silipiwe Sharai
AU  - Tarakini Tawanda
AU  - Chibememe Gladman
Y1  - 2020/05/27
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12
AB  - Wetlands are valuable ecosystems on which humans depend through the utilisation of the ecological goods and services including water for domestic and commercial use. Until recently, efforts on wetland conservation have shifted to community participation since they are important stakeholders in using wetland resources. This study solicited local people’s perceptions on 1) threats to the Monavale wetland (Harare, Zimbabwe), 2) the conservation strategies they perceive most appropriate and 3) the likely consequences of losing this wetland. The study used 80 household questionnaires that were administered to four suburbs (representing three wards) surrounding Monavale, with respondents having different socio-demographic variables (age, ward, employment status and education level). Chi-square tests were used to test for associations between perceived threats across all variables. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed to explore relationships between respondents’ socio-demographic variables with 1) goods and services, and 2) perceived consequences of losing Monavale wetland. Main threats cited were agriculture and housing development projects (43 and 36% of respondents respectively). People from wards 5 and 7 cited mostly socio-economic whilst ward 16 cited ecological related goods and services. The respondents’ age was associated with perceptions towards the threats facing Monavale wetland (χ2=31.563, d. f=12, P=0.002). Respondents cited 5 pieces of legislation with Environmental Management Act being the most (75% of respondents) which they think could be better implemented if wetland conservation is to be achieved. The study concludes that, there is need to integrate all relevant stakeholders in wetland conservation for effective legislation implementation as well as increasing educational awareness to both communities and policy makers.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Silipiwe Sharai

Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
Tarakini Tawanda

Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
Chibememe Gladman

Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe

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Silipiwe Sharai, Tarakini Tawanda, Chibememe Gladman. (2020). Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 9(2), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12

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ACS Style

Silipiwe Sharai; Tarakini Tawanda; Chibememe Gladman. Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2020, 9(2), 31-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12

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AMA Style

Silipiwe Sharai, Tarakini Tawanda, Chibememe Gladman. Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe. Am J Environ Prot. 2020;9(2):31-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12,
  author = {Silipiwe Sharai and Tarakini Tawanda and Chibememe Gladman},
  title = {Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20200902.12},
  abstract = {Wetlands are valuable ecosystems on which humans depend through the utilisation of the ecological goods and services including water for domestic and commercial use. Until recently, efforts on wetland conservation have shifted to community participation since they are important stakeholders in using wetland resources. This study solicited local people’s perceptions on 1) threats to the Monavale wetland (Harare, Zimbabwe), 2) the conservation strategies they perceive most appropriate and 3) the likely consequences of losing this wetland. The study used 80 household questionnaires that were administered to four suburbs (representing three wards) surrounding Monavale, with respondents having different socio-demographic variables (age, ward, employment status and education level). Chi-square tests were used to test for associations between perceived threats across all variables. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed to explore relationships between respondents’ socio-demographic variables with 1) goods and services, and 2) perceived consequences of losing Monavale wetland. Main threats cited were agriculture and housing development projects (43 and 36% of respondents respectively). People from wards 5 and 7 cited mostly socio-economic whilst ward 16 cited ecological related goods and services. The respondents’ age was associated with perceptions towards the threats facing Monavale wetland (χ2=31.563, d. f=12, P=0.002). Respondents cited 5 pieces of legislation with Environmental Management Act being the most (75% of respondents) which they think could be better implemented if wetland conservation is to be achieved. The study concludes that, there is need to integrate all relevant stakeholders in wetland conservation for effective legislation implementation as well as increasing educational awareness to both communities and policy makers.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Threats and Conservation Strategies on Urban Wetlands: A Case of Monavale and Surrounding Areas in Harare, Zimbabwe
AU  - Silipiwe Sharai
AU  - Tarakini Tawanda
AU  - Chibememe Gladman
Y1  - 2020/05/27
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20200902.12
AB  - Wetlands are valuable ecosystems on which humans depend through the utilisation of the ecological goods and services including water for domestic and commercial use. Until recently, efforts on wetland conservation have shifted to community participation since they are important stakeholders in using wetland resources. This study solicited local people’s perceptions on 1) threats to the Monavale wetland (Harare, Zimbabwe), 2) the conservation strategies they perceive most appropriate and 3) the likely consequences of losing this wetland. The study used 80 household questionnaires that were administered to four suburbs (representing three wards) surrounding Monavale, with respondents having different socio-demographic variables (age, ward, employment status and education level). Chi-square tests were used to test for associations between perceived threats across all variables. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed to explore relationships between respondents’ socio-demographic variables with 1) goods and services, and 2) perceived consequences of losing Monavale wetland. Main threats cited were agriculture and housing development projects (43 and 36% of respondents respectively). People from wards 5 and 7 cited mostly socio-economic whilst ward 16 cited ecological related goods and services. The respondents’ age was associated with perceptions towards the threats facing Monavale wetland (χ2=31.563, d. f=12, P=0.002). Respondents cited 5 pieces of legislation with Environmental Management Act being the most (75% of respondents) which they think could be better implemented if wetland conservation is to be achieved. The study concludes that, there is need to integrate all relevant stakeholders in wetland conservation for effective legislation implementation as well as increasing educational awareness to both communities and policy makers.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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