Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger

Djibo Boube Bachirou; Mounkaila Saley Moussa; Boubacar Ibrahim; Abdou Saley Inoussa; Ibrahim Halidou; Rabani Adamou

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15

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Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger

Djibo Boube Bachirou, Mounkaila Saley Moussa, Boubacar Ibrahim, Abdou Saley Inoussa, Ibrahim Halidou, Rabani Adamou

Published in American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 17 November 2022 Accepted: 12 December 2022 Published: 23 December 2022

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Abstract

Water is the basic vital need of all living such as human being and environment species. Water demand is increasing day by day whether it is domestic, industrial and agricultural etc., but the source of water is limited. Recently, solar water pumping system is being used as a viable alternative to supply safe drinking water to the rural communities. So, the pumped water is afforded to the end-users through water distribution system. Therefore, the wrong sizing and installation of the water distribution network due to the lack of taking into account some parameters in the sizing of the system in order to supply water to the household at the right pressure and flow. This study aims to analyze the performance of the sekoukou village water distribution system toward water-energy nexus in rural area of Africa. Survey is conducted not only to assess the various water source available and accessibility for a safe drinking water within the sekoukou village but also the impact of the pressure losses to the remote hamlet to the storage source. Subsequently, the overall water distribution of the sekoukou village is analyzed using the Epanet software. To do so, first the characteristics of the water distribution network component are collected then the topographical survey of the area is conducted, and the quantification of the water consumed at the different hamlet tap. As a result, the study revealed that the water flow and the pressure are significantly affected by the topographical characteristic of the area the size of the pipe (length and diameter) as well as the height of the water storage tank. Thus, out of the 10 nodes 66.6% have pressure between 15 m to 22m while the node 2 has a pressure of 13.4 m. In contrast, the pressure at the node 10 is 7.15 (1 bar to 0.7 bar) m which is under the recommended minimum of 10 m (1bar), cause the slow water flow at the hamlet 4.

Published in	American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15
Page(s)	123-133
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Performance Analyses, Water-Energy Nexus, Water Distribution Network, Rural Area, West Africa, Niger

References

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[4]	Argaw et al. (2003). Renewable energy for water pumping applications in rural villages. In New Mexico State, United States (Issue July).
[5]	Chandel et al. (2015). Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system technology for irrigation and community drinking water supplies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 1084–1099.
[6]	Venkata et al. (2015). Network analysis of water distribution system in rural areas using EPANET. Procedia Engineering, 119 (1), 496–505.
[7]	Masri, M. (1997). Design of Optimal Water distribution Networks. M.SC. Thesis, An-Najah National University.
[8]	Yadav et al. (2015). To Assess the Prevailing Water Distribution Network using EPANET. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2 (8), 777-781.
[9]	Pandya, N. C., & Popawala, R. 2017. A Review on paradigm shift of Water Distribution Infrastructure. IJEDR, 5 (2), 1962–1966.
[10]	Hardy cross. 1936. Analysis of flow in networks of conduits or Conductors. Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois, 286.
[11]	Dejan et al. 2019. Short Overview of Early Developments of the Hardy Cross Type Methods for Computation of Flow Distribution in Pipe Networks. Applied Sciences 9 (10).
[12]	Martin, D. W. and Peters G. 1963. The application of Newton’s method to network analysis by Digital Computers. J. Inst. of Water Engrs., 17, 115-129.
[13]	Brkić, Dejan, and Pavel Praks. 2018. “Improved Hardy Cross Method for Pipe Networks.” (December): 1–13.
[14]	Williams et al. 1973. Enhancement of Convergence of Pipe Network Solutions. PENCIL Pub. Phys. Sci. Eng, 33 (1057–1067).
[15]	Mehta et al. 2016. Study of Water Distribution Network Using EPANET. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering, Science, Management, 1–11.
[16]	Kolpe, S., & Vaidya, D. 2018. Experimental Analysis of Water Distribution. 9153–9160. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2018.0708038
[17]	Mounkaila Saley Moussa, Djibo Bachirou, Ibrahim Halidou. Assessing the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Pumping System for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village, Niger. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering. Vol. 11, No. 6, 2022, pp. 114-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20221106.11.
[18]	Lekombo Claude Sara. Potential role of renewable energy in energy mix to overcome energy shortfall in Niger case of sekoukou village, Master Thesis, PAUWES, 2019, online at URI: http://repository.pauwes-cop.net/handle/1/326
[19]	Hassane A., Rabani A. 2018. Qualité Physico-Chimique et Bactériologique Des Eaux de Consommation Du Village de Sekoukou.
[20]	Shaher et al. 2003. Hydraulic Performance of Palestinian Water Distribution Systems (Jenin Water Supply Network as a Case Study) (Doctoral dissertation).
[21]	Totsuka, N., Trifunovic, N., & Vairavamoorthy, K. 2004. Intermittent urban water supply under water starving situations.
[22]	H. Gisha, A. W/Mariam, and B. Abate, “Water Distribution Network Analysis of Bodditi Town by EPANET,” J. Inf. Eng. Appl., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 10–17, 2016.
[23]	Wiwik Yunarni Widiarti et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 437 012043 DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/437/1/012043.
[24]	E Kurniati, Kamariah and T Susilawati. Analysis of clean water distribution systems using EPANET 2.0 (Case study of Uma Sima Village, Sumbawa Regency). 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 708 012105 DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/708/1/012105.

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Djibo Boube Bachirou, Mounkaila Saley Moussa, Boubacar Ibrahim, Abdou Saley Inoussa, Ibrahim Halidou, et al. (2022). Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 10(4), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15

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Djibo Boube Bachirou; Mounkaila Saley Moussa; Boubacar Ibrahim; Abdou Saley Inoussa; Ibrahim Halidou, et al. Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2022, 10(4), 123-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15

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AMA Style

Djibo Boube Bachirou, Mounkaila Saley Moussa, Boubacar Ibrahim, Abdou Saley Inoussa, Ibrahim Halidou, et al. Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger. Am J Energy Eng. 2022;10(4):123-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15,
  author = {Djibo Boube Bachirou and Mounkaila Saley Moussa and Boubacar Ibrahim and Abdou Saley Inoussa and Ibrahim Halidou and Rabani Adamou},
  title = {Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {123-133},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20221004.15},
  abstract = {Water is the basic vital need of all living such as human being and environment species. Water demand is increasing day by day whether it is domestic, industrial and agricultural etc., but the source of water is limited. Recently, solar water pumping system is being used as a viable alternative to supply safe drinking water to the rural communities. So, the pumped water is afforded to the end-users through water distribution system. Therefore, the wrong sizing and installation of the water distribution network due to the lack of taking into account some parameters in the sizing of the system in order to supply water to the household at the right pressure and flow. This study aims to analyze the performance of the sekoukou village water distribution system toward water-energy nexus in rural area of Africa. Survey is conducted not only to assess the various water source available and accessibility for a safe drinking water within the sekoukou village but also the impact of the pressure losses to the remote hamlet to the storage source. Subsequently, the overall water distribution of the sekoukou village is analyzed using the Epanet software. To do so, first the characteristics of the water distribution network component are collected then the topographical survey of the area is conducted, and the quantification of the water consumed at the different hamlet tap. As a result, the study revealed that the water flow and the pressure are significantly affected by the topographical characteristic of the area the size of the pipe (length and diameter) as well as the height of the water storage tank. Thus, out of the 10 nodes 66.6% have pressure between 15 m to 22m while the node 2 has a pressure of 13.4 m. In contrast, the pressure at the node 10 is 7.15 (1 bar to 0.7 bar) m which is under the recommended minimum of 10 m (1bar), cause the slow water flow at the hamlet 4.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger
AU  - Djibo Boube Bachirou
AU  - Mounkaila Saley Moussa
AU  - Boubacar Ibrahim
AU  - Abdou Saley Inoussa
AU  - Ibrahim Halidou
AU  - Rabani Adamou
Y1  - 2022/12/23
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 123
EP  - 133
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15
AB  - Water is the basic vital need of all living such as human being and environment species. Water demand is increasing day by day whether it is domestic, industrial and agricultural etc., but the source of water is limited. Recently, solar water pumping system is being used as a viable alternative to supply safe drinking water to the rural communities. So, the pumped water is afforded to the end-users through water distribution system. Therefore, the wrong sizing and installation of the water distribution network due to the lack of taking into account some parameters in the sizing of the system in order to supply water to the household at the right pressure and flow. This study aims to analyze the performance of the sekoukou village water distribution system toward water-energy nexus in rural area of Africa. Survey is conducted not only to assess the various water source available and accessibility for a safe drinking water within the sekoukou village but also the impact of the pressure losses to the remote hamlet to the storage source. Subsequently, the overall water distribution of the sekoukou village is analyzed using the Epanet software. To do so, first the characteristics of the water distribution network component are collected then the topographical survey of the area is conducted, and the quantification of the water consumed at the different hamlet tap. As a result, the study revealed that the water flow and the pressure are significantly affected by the topographical characteristic of the area the size of the pipe (length and diameter) as well as the height of the water storage tank. Thus, out of the 10 nodes 66.6% have pressure between 15 m to 22m while the node 2 has a pressure of 13.4 m. In contrast, the pressure at the node 10 is 7.15 (1 bar to 0.7 bar) m which is under the recommended minimum of 10 m (1bar), cause the slow water flow at the hamlet 4.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Djibo Boube Bachirou

West African Center for Sustainable Rural Transformation, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger
Mounkaila Saley Moussa

West African Center for Sustainable Rural Transformation, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger
Boubacar Ibrahim

Department of Hydro-Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger
Abdou Saley Inoussa

Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger
Ibrahim Halidou

Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger
Rabani Adamou

West African Center for Sustainable Rural Transformation, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger

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APA Style

Djibo Boube Bachirou, Mounkaila Saley Moussa, Boubacar Ibrahim, Abdou Saley Inoussa, Ibrahim Halidou, et al. (2022). Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 10(4), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15

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ACS Style

Djibo Boube Bachirou; Mounkaila Saley Moussa; Boubacar Ibrahim; Abdou Saley Inoussa; Ibrahim Halidou, et al. Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2022, 10(4), 123-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15

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AMA Style

Djibo Boube Bachirou, Mounkaila Saley Moussa, Boubacar Ibrahim, Abdou Saley Inoussa, Ibrahim Halidou, et al. Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger. Am J Energy Eng. 2022;10(4):123-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15,
  author = {Djibo Boube Bachirou and Mounkaila Saley Moussa and Boubacar Ibrahim and Abdou Saley Inoussa and Ibrahim Halidou and Rabani Adamou},
  title = {Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {123-133},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20221004.15},
  abstract = {Water is the basic vital need of all living such as human being and environment species. Water demand is increasing day by day whether it is domestic, industrial and agricultural etc., but the source of water is limited. Recently, solar water pumping system is being used as a viable alternative to supply safe drinking water to the rural communities. So, the pumped water is afforded to the end-users through water distribution system. Therefore, the wrong sizing and installation of the water distribution network due to the lack of taking into account some parameters in the sizing of the system in order to supply water to the household at the right pressure and flow. This study aims to analyze the performance of the sekoukou village water distribution system toward water-energy nexus in rural area of Africa. Survey is conducted not only to assess the various water source available and accessibility for a safe drinking water within the sekoukou village but also the impact of the pressure losses to the remote hamlet to the storage source. Subsequently, the overall water distribution of the sekoukou village is analyzed using the Epanet software. To do so, first the characteristics of the water distribution network component are collected then the topographical survey of the area is conducted, and the quantification of the water consumed at the different hamlet tap. As a result, the study revealed that the water flow and the pressure are significantly affected by the topographical characteristic of the area the size of the pipe (length and diameter) as well as the height of the water storage tank. Thus, out of the 10 nodes 66.6% have pressure between 15 m to 22m while the node 2 has a pressure of 13.4 m. In contrast, the pressure at the node 10 is 7.15 (1 bar to 0.7 bar) m which is under the recommended minimum of 10 m (1bar), cause the slow water flow at the hamlet 4.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Performance Analyses of Water Distribution System Toward Water-Energy Nexus for Rural Area Transformation in West Africa: Case of Sekoukou Village in Niger
AU  - Djibo Boube Bachirou
AU  - Mounkaila Saley Moussa
AU  - Boubacar Ibrahim
AU  - Abdou Saley Inoussa
AU  - Ibrahim Halidou
AU  - Rabani Adamou
Y1  - 2022/12/23
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 123
EP  - 133
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20221004.15
AB  - Water is the basic vital need of all living such as human being and environment species. Water demand is increasing day by day whether it is domestic, industrial and agricultural etc., but the source of water is limited. Recently, solar water pumping system is being used as a viable alternative to supply safe drinking water to the rural communities. So, the pumped water is afforded to the end-users through water distribution system. Therefore, the wrong sizing and installation of the water distribution network due to the lack of taking into account some parameters in the sizing of the system in order to supply water to the household at the right pressure and flow. This study aims to analyze the performance of the sekoukou village water distribution system toward water-energy nexus in rural area of Africa. Survey is conducted not only to assess the various water source available and accessibility for a safe drinking water within the sekoukou village but also the impact of the pressure losses to the remote hamlet to the storage source. Subsequently, the overall water distribution of the sekoukou village is analyzed using the Epanet software. To do so, first the characteristics of the water distribution network component are collected then the topographical survey of the area is conducted, and the quantification of the water consumed at the different hamlet tap. As a result, the study revealed that the water flow and the pressure are significantly affected by the topographical characteristic of the area the size of the pipe (length and diameter) as well as the height of the water storage tank. Thus, out of the 10 nodes 66.6% have pressure between 15 m to 22m while the node 2 has a pressure of 13.4 m. In contrast, the pressure at the node 10 is 7.15 (1 bar to 0.7 bar) m which is under the recommended minimum of 10 m (1bar), cause the slow water flow at the hamlet 4.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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