Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens; Farah Abaza

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11

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Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens, Farah Abaza

Published in American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 3 July 2021 Accepted: 26 September 2021 Published: 12 October 2021

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Abstract

Since, there is a high level of concern for historic buildings becoming sustainable this paper will investigate the indoor air quality of three historical buildings that are on the National Registry of Historic Buildings and located around Fulton County, Georgia, USA and three historical buildings that are not certified in the same area. The certification for the three certified buildings was obtained thru Earth Craft Sustainable Preservation program, which is the only historic building certification in the United States. The research entails field measurements of CO₂ levels, air borne particles (both types and sizes), and greenhouse gas emissions. This was done by counting the airborne particles with sizes between 0.3 to 5.0 nanometers, and identifying biological and non-biological airborne particles both indoors and outdoors. These tests were used to determine if the interior of the certified buildings have better CO₂ levels than the exterior and to ascertain how much the certification process effects the indoor air quality. This information will be compared to the noncertified buildings to ascertain if the results of the testing will show that the indoor air quality and greenhouse gases are better than the noncertified buildings. This research will demonstrate the need for improved indoor air quality testing in historic buildings before certifying them as being sustainable in the area of indoor air quality.

Published in	American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11
Page(s)	91-95
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Indoor Air Quality, Historic Buildings, Particulate Matter, CO₂

References

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[2]	Boogaard, H., Kos, G. P., Weijers, E. P., Janssen, N. A., Fischer, P. H., van der Zee, S. C.,... Hoek, G. (2011). Contrast in air pollution components between major streets and background locations: Particulate matter mass, black carbon, elemental composition, nitrogen oxide and ultrafine particle number. Atmospheric Environment, Volume 45, 650-658. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.kennesaw.edu/science/article/pii/S1296207415001375
[3]	Brown, J. P., & Rose, W. B. (1996). Humidity and Moisture in Historic Buildings: The Orgins of Building and Object Conservation. Museums in Historic Buildings, Volume 27 (No. 3), 12-15. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1504411
[4]	Cappitelli, F., Fermo, P., Vecchi, R., Piazzalunga, A., Valli, G., Zanardini, E., & Sorlini, C. (2009). Chemical-physical and Microbiological Measurements for Indoor Air Quality Assessment at the Ca' Granda Historical Archive, Milan (Italy). Water Soil Pollut, 201, 109-120. doi: 10.1007/s11270-008-9931-5.
[5]	CMS Mechanical. (2017). Defining Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Retrieved October 08, 2017, from CMS nextech: http://cmsmechanical.com/recent-news/defining-indoor-air-quality-iaq/
[6]	D'Ayala, D., & Aktas, Y. D. (2016). Moisture dynamics in the masonry fabric of historic buildings subjected to wind-driven rain and flooding. Building and Environment, Volume 104, 208-220. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from www.elsevier.com/locate/buildenv
[7]	Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Smart Growth and Preservation of Existing and Historic Buildings. Retrieved 09 25, 2017, from Smart Growth: https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/smart-growth-and-preservation-existing-and-historic-buildings#background
[8]	Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great Amaerican Cities. New York, New York, United States: Vintage Books.
[9]	Johnston, D., & Gibson, S. (2008). Green from the Ground Up. Newton, Connecticut, United States: Taunton Press.
[10]	Parks, S (2019). Preservation Brief 24: Heating, Ventilating, and Cooling Historic Buildings—Problems and Recommended Approaches. Technical Preservation Services. Retrieved April 09, 2017, from https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/
[11]	Neely, J. (2014, May 13). Nine Practical Reasons to Save Old Buildings. Retrieved November 25, 2017, from National Trust for Historic Preservation: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/national-trust-for-historic-preservation/six-practical-reasons-to_b_4956983.html
[12]	Phoenix, T. (2015, May 15). Lessons learned: ASHRAE's approach in the refurbishment of historic and existing buildings. Energy and Buildings, Volume 95, 13-14. Retrieved October 7, 2016, from http://dx.doi.org.proxy.kennesaw.edu/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.02.034
[13]	Prihatmanti, R., & Bahaddin, A. (2014). Indoor Air Quality in Adaptively Reused Heritage Buildings at a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Penang, Malaysia. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, Voulme 19 (No. 1), 69-91. Retrieved Febrauary 22, 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305162054_Indoor_air_quality_in_adaptively_reused_heritage_buildings_at_a_UNESCO_world_Heritage_site_Penang_Malaysia
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APA Style

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens, Farah Abaza. (2021). Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 9(4), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11

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ACS Style

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens; Farah Abaza. Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2021, 9(4), 91-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11

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AMA Style

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens, Farah Abaza. Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings. Am J Energy Eng. 2021;9(4):91-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11,
  author = {Jacqueline Furcha Stephens and Farah Abaza},
  title = {Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {91-95},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20210904.11},
  abstract = {Since, there is a high level of concern for historic buildings becoming sustainable this paper will investigate the indoor air quality of three historical buildings that are on the National Registry of Historic Buildings and located around Fulton County, Georgia, USA and three historical buildings that are not certified in the same area. The certification for the three certified buildings was obtained thru Earth Craft Sustainable Preservation program, which is the only historic building certification in the United States. The research entails field measurements of CO2 levels, air borne particles (both types and sizes), and greenhouse gas emissions. This was done by counting the airborne particles with sizes between 0.3 to 5.0 nanometers, and identifying biological and non-biological airborne particles both indoors and outdoors. These tests were used to determine if the interior of the certified buildings have better CO2 levels than the exterior and to ascertain how much the certification process effects the indoor air quality. This information will be compared to the noncertified buildings to ascertain if the results of the testing will show that the indoor air quality and greenhouse gases are better than the noncertified buildings. This research will demonstrate the need for improved indoor air quality testing in historic buildings before certifying them as being sustainable in the area of indoor air quality.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings
AU  - Jacqueline Furcha Stephens
AU  - Farah Abaza
Y1  - 2021/10/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 91
EP  - 95
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11
AB  - Since, there is a high level of concern for historic buildings becoming sustainable this paper will investigate the indoor air quality of three historical buildings that are on the National Registry of Historic Buildings and located around Fulton County, Georgia, USA and three historical buildings that are not certified in the same area. The certification for the three certified buildings was obtained thru Earth Craft Sustainable Preservation program, which is the only historic building certification in the United States. The research entails field measurements of CO2 levels, air borne particles (both types and sizes), and greenhouse gas emissions. This was done by counting the airborne particles with sizes between 0.3 to 5.0 nanometers, and identifying biological and non-biological airborne particles both indoors and outdoors. These tests were used to determine if the interior of the certified buildings have better CO2 levels than the exterior and to ascertain how much the certification process effects the indoor air quality. This information will be compared to the noncertified buildings to ascertain if the results of the testing will show that the indoor air quality and greenhouse gases are better than the noncertified buildings. This research will demonstrate the need for improved indoor air quality testing in historic buildings before certifying them as being sustainable in the area of indoor air quality.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens

Construction Management, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, United States
Farah Abaza

Biology Major, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, United States

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens, Farah Abaza. (2021). Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 9(4), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11

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ACS Style

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens; Farah Abaza. Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2021, 9(4), 91-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11

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AMA Style

Jacqueline Furcha Stephens, Farah Abaza. Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings. Am J Energy Eng. 2021;9(4):91-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11,
  author = {Jacqueline Furcha Stephens and Farah Abaza},
  title = {Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {91-95},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20210904.11},
  abstract = {Since, there is a high level of concern for historic buildings becoming sustainable this paper will investigate the indoor air quality of three historical buildings that are on the National Registry of Historic Buildings and located around Fulton County, Georgia, USA and three historical buildings that are not certified in the same area. The certification for the three certified buildings was obtained thru Earth Craft Sustainable Preservation program, which is the only historic building certification in the United States. The research entails field measurements of CO2 levels, air borne particles (both types and sizes), and greenhouse gas emissions. This was done by counting the airborne particles with sizes between 0.3 to 5.0 nanometers, and identifying biological and non-biological airborne particles both indoors and outdoors. These tests were used to determine if the interior of the certified buildings have better CO2 levels than the exterior and to ascertain how much the certification process effects the indoor air quality. This information will be compared to the noncertified buildings to ascertain if the results of the testing will show that the indoor air quality and greenhouse gases are better than the noncertified buildings. This research will demonstrate the need for improved indoor air quality testing in historic buildings before certifying them as being sustainable in the area of indoor air quality.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Indoor Air Quality of Historic Buildings: A Comparison of Certified to Non-certified Buildings
AU  - Jacqueline Furcha Stephens
AU  - Farah Abaza
Y1  - 2021/10/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 91
EP  - 95
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20210904.11
AB  - Since, there is a high level of concern for historic buildings becoming sustainable this paper will investigate the indoor air quality of three historical buildings that are on the National Registry of Historic Buildings and located around Fulton County, Georgia, USA and three historical buildings that are not certified in the same area. The certification for the three certified buildings was obtained thru Earth Craft Sustainable Preservation program, which is the only historic building certification in the United States. The research entails field measurements of CO2 levels, air borne particles (both types and sizes), and greenhouse gas emissions. This was done by counting the airborne particles with sizes between 0.3 to 5.0 nanometers, and identifying biological and non-biological airborne particles both indoors and outdoors. These tests were used to determine if the interior of the certified buildings have better CO2 levels than the exterior and to ascertain how much the certification process effects the indoor air quality. This information will be compared to the noncertified buildings to ascertain if the results of the testing will show that the indoor air quality and greenhouse gases are better than the noncertified buildings. This research will demonstrate the need for improved indoor air quality testing in historic buildings before certifying them as being sustainable in the area of indoor air quality.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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