Stand-alone microgrid hold a primary solution for electricity and water supply in remote areas access to National grid is not possible. This paper presents a detailed optimal sizing and economic evaluations of a stand-alone microgrid for a remote village (Amarika) in Namibia. Several renewable energy sources such as wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays were considered with a battery backup storage system and a reverse osmosis desalination plant for water supply. Modelling of the microgrid was done based on the meteorological data, the daily water and energy demand of the village. Particle swarm optimization was employed for the system techno- economic optimization: to determine a suitable microgrid configuration that can be established at minimum cost. Sensitivity analysis of the system was performed to examine the effect of variation of LPSP on LCOE. The results demonstrate that the optimized microgrid configuration and the optimization algorithm are effective and can be adopted in supplying power and water to the village. The levelized cost of electricity proves the economic feasibility of the microgrid. The levelized cost of electricity falls within a 90% standard deviation (σ=0.065) of the mean. This proved to be economically feasible with a 96.5% reliability of power supply.
| Published in | American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12 |
| Page(s) | 64-73 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Stand-Alone Microgrid, Water Desalination, Optimization, Economic Evaluation
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APA Style
Tom Wanjekeche, Theophilus Ananias. (2019). Optimal and Economic Evaluation of a Stand-alone Microgrid for Electricity and Water Supply for Namibia’s Rural Village. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 7(3), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12
ACS Style
Tom Wanjekeche; Theophilus Ananias. Optimal and Economic Evaluation of a Stand-alone Microgrid for Electricity and Water Supply for Namibia’s Rural Village. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2019, 7(3), 64-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12
AMA Style
Tom Wanjekeche, Theophilus Ananias. Optimal and Economic Evaluation of a Stand-alone Microgrid for Electricity and Water Supply for Namibia’s Rural Village. Am J Energy Eng. 2019;7(3):64-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12,
author = {Tom Wanjekeche and Theophilus Ananias},
title = {Optimal and Economic Evaluation of a Stand-alone Microgrid for Electricity and Water Supply for Namibia’s Rural Village},
journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {64-73},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20190703.12},
abstract = {Stand-alone microgrid hold a primary solution for electricity and water supply in remote areas access to National grid is not possible. This paper presents a detailed optimal sizing and economic evaluations of a stand-alone microgrid for a remote village (Amarika) in Namibia. Several renewable energy sources such as wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays were considered with a battery backup storage system and a reverse osmosis desalination plant for water supply. Modelling of the microgrid was done based on the meteorological data, the daily water and energy demand of the village. Particle swarm optimization was employed for the system techno- economic optimization: to determine a suitable microgrid configuration that can be established at minimum cost. Sensitivity analysis of the system was performed to examine the effect of variation of LPSP on LCOE. The results demonstrate that the optimized microgrid configuration and the optimization algorithm are effective and can be adopted in supplying power and water to the village. The levelized cost of electricity proves the economic feasibility of the microgrid. The levelized cost of electricity falls within a 90% standard deviation (σ=0.065) of the mean. This proved to be economically feasible with a 96.5% reliability of power supply.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Optimal and Economic Evaluation of a Stand-alone Microgrid for Electricity and Water Supply for Namibia’s Rural Village AU - Tom Wanjekeche AU - Theophilus Ananias Y1 - 2019/11/11 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12 T2 - American Journal of Energy Engineering JF - American Journal of Energy Engineering JO - American Journal of Energy Engineering SP - 64 EP - 73 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2329-163X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20190703.12 AB - Stand-alone microgrid hold a primary solution for electricity and water supply in remote areas access to National grid is not possible. This paper presents a detailed optimal sizing and economic evaluations of a stand-alone microgrid for a remote village (Amarika) in Namibia. Several renewable energy sources such as wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays were considered with a battery backup storage system and a reverse osmosis desalination plant for water supply. Modelling of the microgrid was done based on the meteorological data, the daily water and energy demand of the village. Particle swarm optimization was employed for the system techno- economic optimization: to determine a suitable microgrid configuration that can be established at minimum cost. Sensitivity analysis of the system was performed to examine the effect of variation of LPSP on LCOE. The results demonstrate that the optimized microgrid configuration and the optimization algorithm are effective and can be adopted in supplying power and water to the village. The levelized cost of electricity proves the economic feasibility of the microgrid. The levelized cost of electricity falls within a 90% standard deviation (σ=0.065) of the mean. This proved to be economically feasible with a 96.5% reliability of power supply. VL - 7 IS - 3 ER -
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