Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men

Laura Celano; Anabel Vidal; Alicia Olascoaga; Walter Alallon; Ana Denicola; Leonor Thomson

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13

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Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men

Laura Celano, Anabel Vidal, Alicia Olascoaga, Walter Alallon, Ana Denicola, Leonor Thomson

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 11 December 2013 Published: 30 December 2013

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Abstract

Profuse epidemiological evidence supports a higher risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in smoker women than in men with the same habit. Although it is already known that cigarette smoking alters the redox state, is unknown if the imbalance in the normal equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants is responsible for the elevated female susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate the effect of smoking on serum redox status in women compared with men, accounting for divergences in other major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and serum carbonyls were assessed in 116 healthy Uruguayans, composed by 50 females and 66 males. The smoking habit was declared by 17 females (34 %) and 36 males (54 %). The lipid profile was modified by cigarette smoking, affecting in a different way males and females. In particular, HDL-C that was higher in non-smoker females (59 (28) mg/dL) than in non-smoker males (46 (14) mg/dL) significantly decreased in smoker females (51 (13) mg/dL), remaining unchanged in the smoker male population (42 (12) mg/dL). Conversely LDL-C, which gave similar values for non-smoker females (110.1 ± 35.2 mg/dL) and males (98.5 ± 36.0 mg/dL), increased exclusively in smoker males (122.2 ± 36.4 mg/dL, p<0.05). In turn, the level of serum antioxidants that was higher in non-smoker males (1.9  0.3 mM FRAP) than females (1.5  0.4 mM /FRAP), remained unchanged in smokers. Similar results were obtained for carbonyls, which showed higher levels in non-smoker males (0.90 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein) than females (0.74 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein), and while the level remained unmodified in smokers males (0.86  0.28 nmol/mg of protein) increased non-significantly in smoker females (0.79  0.31 nmol/mg of protein). Whereas the oxidation index correlated positively with LDL-C (r = 0.45) in smoker males, and with triglycerides in both non-smoker and smoker females(r = 0.42 and 0.79, respectively), a negative and intense correlation with HDL-C (r = -0.79), and a positive one with the LDL-C/HDL-C index (r = 0.87) was observed exclusively in smoker females. Our results point to an association at the molecular level between oxidative stress footprints and plasma lipoprotein/cholesterol concentration predominantly in smoker females, and support the concept that the higher sensitivity of women to smoking related cardiovascular pathology is associated with oxidants-mediated biomolecular insults.

Published in	American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
Page(s)	53-57
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cardiovascular Disease, Cigarette Smoking, Lipid Profile, Gender, Antioxidants, Protein Oxidation

References

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[13]	Michos, E. D.; Vasamreddy, C. R.; Becker, D. M.; Yanek, L. R.; Moy, T. F.; Fishman, E. K.; et al. Women with a low Framingham risk score and a family history of premature coronary heart disease have a high prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 150:1276-1281; 2005.
[14]	Beal, M. F. Oxidatively modified proteins in aging and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 32:797-803; 2002.
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[16]	Tomasina, F.; Carabio, C.; Celano, L.; Thomson, L. Analysis of two methods to evaluate antioxidants. Biochemistry and molecular biology education: Biochem Mol Biol Educ 40:266-270; 2012.
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APA Style

Laura Celano, Anabel Vidal, Alicia Olascoaga, Walter Alallon, Ana Denicola, et al. (2013). Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1(3), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13

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ACS Style

Laura Celano; Anabel Vidal; Alicia Olascoaga; Walter Alallon; Ana Denicola, et al. Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2013, 1(3), 53-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13

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AMA Style

Laura Celano, Anabel Vidal, Alicia Olascoaga, Walter Alallon, Ana Denicola, et al. Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2013;1(3):53-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13,
  author = {Laura Celano and Anabel Vidal and Alicia Olascoaga and Walter Alallon and Ana Denicola and Leonor Thomson},
  title = {Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {53-57},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20130103.13},
  abstract = {Profuse epidemiological evidence supports a higher risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in smoker women than in men with the same habit. Although it is already known that cigarette smoking alters the redox state, is unknown if the imbalance in the normal equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants is responsible for the elevated female susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate the effect of smoking on serum redox status in women compared with men, accounting for divergences in other major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and serum carbonyls were assessed in 116 healthy Uruguayans, composed by 50 females and 66 males. The smoking habit was declared by 17 females (34 %) and 36 males (54 %). The lipid profile was modified by cigarette smoking, affecting in a different way males and females. In particular, HDL-C that was higher in non-smoker females (59 (28) mg/dL) than in non-smoker males (46 (14) mg/dL) significantly decreased in smoker females (51 (13) mg/dL), remaining unchanged in the smoker male population (42 (12) mg/dL). Conversely LDL-C, which gave similar values for non-smoker females (110.1 ± 35.2 mg/dL) and males (98.5 ± 36.0 mg/dL), increased exclusively in smoker males (122.2 ± 36.4 mg/dL, p<0.05). In turn, the level of serum antioxidants that was higher in non-smoker males (1.9  0.3 mM FRAP) than females (1.5  0.4 mM /FRAP), remained unchanged in smokers. Similar results were obtained for carbonyls, which showed higher levels in non-smoker males (0.90 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein) than females (0.74 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein), and while the level remained unmodified in smokers males (0.86  0.28 nmol/mg of protein) increased non-significantly in smoker females (0.79  0.31 nmol/mg of protein). Whereas the oxidation index correlated positively with LDL-C (r = 0.45) in smoker males, and with triglycerides in both non-smoker and smoker females(r = 0.42 and 0.79, respectively), a negative and intense correlation with HDL-C (r = -0.79), and a positive one with the LDL-C/HDL-C index (r = 0.87) was observed exclusively in smoker females. Our results point to an association at the molecular level between oxidative stress footprints and plasma lipoprotein/cholesterol concentration predominantly in smoker females, and support the concept that the higher sensitivity of women to smoking related cardiovascular pathology is associated with oxidants-mediated biomolecular insults.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men
AU  - Laura Celano
AU  - Anabel Vidal
AU  - Alicia Olascoaga
AU  - Walter Alallon
AU  - Ana Denicola
AU  - Leonor Thomson
Y1  - 2013/12/30
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 53
EP  - 57
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
AB  - Profuse epidemiological evidence supports a higher risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in smoker women than in men with the same habit. Although it is already known that cigarette smoking alters the redox state, is unknown if the imbalance in the normal equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants is responsible for the elevated female susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate the effect of smoking on serum redox status in women compared with men, accounting for divergences in other major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and serum carbonyls were assessed in 116 healthy Uruguayans, composed by 50 females and 66 males. The smoking habit was declared by 17 females (34 %) and 36 males (54 %). The lipid profile was modified by cigarette smoking, affecting in a different way males and females. In particular, HDL-C that was higher in non-smoker females (59 (28) mg/dL) than in non-smoker males (46 (14) mg/dL) significantly decreased in smoker females (51 (13) mg/dL), remaining unchanged in the smoker male population (42 (12) mg/dL). Conversely LDL-C, which gave similar values for non-smoker females (110.1 ± 35.2 mg/dL) and males (98.5 ± 36.0 mg/dL), increased exclusively in smoker males (122.2 ± 36.4 mg/dL, p<0.05). In turn, the level of serum antioxidants that was higher in non-smoker males (1.9  0.3 mM FRAP) than females (1.5  0.4 mM /FRAP), remained unchanged in smokers. Similar results were obtained for carbonyls, which showed higher levels in non-smoker males (0.90 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein) than females (0.74 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein), and while the level remained unmodified in smokers males (0.86  0.28 nmol/mg of protein) increased non-significantly in smoker females (0.79  0.31 nmol/mg of protein). Whereas the oxidation index correlated positively with LDL-C (r = 0.45) in smoker males, and with triglycerides in both non-smoker and smoker females(r = 0.42 and 0.79, respectively), a negative and intense correlation with HDL-C (r = -0.79), and a positive one with the LDL-C/HDL-C index (r = 0.87) was observed exclusively in smoker females. Our results point to an association at the molecular level between oxidative stress footprints and plasma lipoprotein/cholesterol concentration predominantly in smoker females, and support the concept that the higher sensitivity of women to smoking related cardiovascular pathology is associated with oxidants-mediated biomolecular insults.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Laura Celano

Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Anabel Vidal

Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Alicia Olascoaga

Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Walter Alallon

Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Ana Denicola

Center for Free Radicals and Biomedical Research, CEINBIO, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Leonor Thomson

Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

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APA Style

Laura Celano, Anabel Vidal, Alicia Olascoaga, Walter Alallon, Ana Denicola, et al. (2013). Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1(3), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13

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ACS Style

Laura Celano; Anabel Vidal; Alicia Olascoaga; Walter Alallon; Ana Denicola, et al. Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2013, 1(3), 53-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13

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AMA Style

Laura Celano, Anabel Vidal, Alicia Olascoaga, Walter Alallon, Ana Denicola, et al. Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2013;1(3):53-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13,
  author = {Laura Celano and Anabel Vidal and Alicia Olascoaga and Walter Alallon and Ana Denicola and Leonor Thomson},
  title = {Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {53-57},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20130103.13},
  abstract = {Profuse epidemiological evidence supports a higher risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in smoker women than in men with the same habit. Although it is already known that cigarette smoking alters the redox state, is unknown if the imbalance in the normal equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants is responsible for the elevated female susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate the effect of smoking on serum redox status in women compared with men, accounting for divergences in other major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and serum carbonyls were assessed in 116 healthy Uruguayans, composed by 50 females and 66 males. The smoking habit was declared by 17 females (34 %) and 36 males (54 %). The lipid profile was modified by cigarette smoking, affecting in a different way males and females. In particular, HDL-C that was higher in non-smoker females (59 (28) mg/dL) than in non-smoker males (46 (14) mg/dL) significantly decreased in smoker females (51 (13) mg/dL), remaining unchanged in the smoker male population (42 (12) mg/dL). Conversely LDL-C, which gave similar values for non-smoker females (110.1 ± 35.2 mg/dL) and males (98.5 ± 36.0 mg/dL), increased exclusively in smoker males (122.2 ± 36.4 mg/dL, p<0.05). In turn, the level of serum antioxidants that was higher in non-smoker males (1.9  0.3 mM FRAP) than females (1.5  0.4 mM /FRAP), remained unchanged in smokers. Similar results were obtained for carbonyls, which showed higher levels in non-smoker males (0.90 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein) than females (0.74 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein), and while the level remained unmodified in smokers males (0.86  0.28 nmol/mg of protein) increased non-significantly in smoker females (0.79  0.31 nmol/mg of protein). Whereas the oxidation index correlated positively with LDL-C (r = 0.45) in smoker males, and with triglycerides in both non-smoker and smoker females(r = 0.42 and 0.79, respectively), a negative and intense correlation with HDL-C (r = -0.79), and a positive one with the LDL-C/HDL-C index (r = 0.87) was observed exclusively in smoker females. Our results point to an association at the molecular level between oxidative stress footprints and plasma lipoprotein/cholesterol concentration predominantly in smoker females, and support the concept that the higher sensitivity of women to smoking related cardiovascular pathology is associated with oxidants-mediated biomolecular insults.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men
AU  - Laura Celano
AU  - Anabel Vidal
AU  - Alicia Olascoaga
AU  - Walter Alallon
AU  - Ana Denicola
AU  - Leonor Thomson
Y1  - 2013/12/30
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 53
EP  - 57
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
AB  - Profuse epidemiological evidence supports a higher risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in smoker women than in men with the same habit. Although it is already known that cigarette smoking alters the redox state, is unknown if the imbalance in the normal equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants is responsible for the elevated female susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate the effect of smoking on serum redox status in women compared with men, accounting for divergences in other major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and serum carbonyls were assessed in 116 healthy Uruguayans, composed by 50 females and 66 males. The smoking habit was declared by 17 females (34 %) and 36 males (54 %). The lipid profile was modified by cigarette smoking, affecting in a different way males and females. In particular, HDL-C that was higher in non-smoker females (59 (28) mg/dL) than in non-smoker males (46 (14) mg/dL) significantly decreased in smoker females (51 (13) mg/dL), remaining unchanged in the smoker male population (42 (12) mg/dL). Conversely LDL-C, which gave similar values for non-smoker females (110.1 ± 35.2 mg/dL) and males (98.5 ± 36.0 mg/dL), increased exclusively in smoker males (122.2 ± 36.4 mg/dL, p<0.05). In turn, the level of serum antioxidants that was higher in non-smoker males (1.9  0.3 mM FRAP) than females (1.5  0.4 mM /FRAP), remained unchanged in smokers. Similar results were obtained for carbonyls, which showed higher levels in non-smoker males (0.90 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein) than females (0.74 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein), and while the level remained unmodified in smokers males (0.86  0.28 nmol/mg of protein) increased non-significantly in smoker females (0.79  0.31 nmol/mg of protein). Whereas the oxidation index correlated positively with LDL-C (r = 0.45) in smoker males, and with triglycerides in both non-smoker and smoker females(r = 0.42 and 0.79, respectively), a negative and intense correlation with HDL-C (r = -0.79), and a positive one with the LDL-C/HDL-C index (r = 0.87) was observed exclusively in smoker females. Our results point to an association at the molecular level between oxidative stress footprints and plasma lipoprotein/cholesterol concentration predominantly in smoker females, and support the concept that the higher sensitivity of women to smoking related cardiovascular pathology is associated with oxidants-mediated biomolecular insults.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

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