Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

David Daisi Ajayi; Samson Ayo Deji; Olusola Olugbenga Odu; Samuel Ayokunle Dada; Eyitope Oluseyi Amu; Oluwadare Marcus

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

David Daisi Ajayi, Samson Ayo Deji, Olusola Olugbenga Odu, Samuel Ayokunle Dada, Eyitope Oluseyi Amu, Oluwadare Marcus

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 1 March 2019 Accepted: 12 April 2019 Published: 20 May 2019

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Abstract

The burden of cardiovascular diseases in developing countries is alarming and needs urgent attention. The study assessed the prevalence of Cardio Vascular Disease risk factor among women in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study design was a descriptive cross sectional survey conducted in Ado - Ekiti, Nigeria. Participants recruited for the study through simple random sampling were 426 women who were in a religious outreach program. Interviewer administered semi – structured questionnaires were used to collect information on respondents socio-demographic characteristics, past medical history, nutritional status (using dietary recall), and behaviors related to lifestyle. A general physical examination was done and anthropometric measurements taken from each respondent. The examinations collected data on, blood pressure, weight and height. Blood specimen (5 ml whole blood) was collected from each respondent for laboratory tests such as random blood sugar (RBS) and serum cholesterol levels. Data from the clinical examinations and laboratory tests were then used to categorize respondents as hypertensive, diabetic, obese and hyperlipidemic. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and level of significance was set at p values < 0.5. A total of 426 respondents participated in the survey of which 64.8% were between 40 -59 years with a mean age of 51.7 ± 11.9 years. A high proportion (81.7%) of respondents had formal education. Most of the respondents (95%) claimed to be employed. About 51.4% of the respondents reported history of substance use. The most commonly consumed by respondents were “bitter kola” (31.7%) and “kolanut” (9.9%). About 5% of respondents either smoked or took substances containing nicotine e.g. “snuff “. Nearly a quarter, 23.2% of respondents claimed that they have ever used herbal (traditional) medicine (23.2%) to take care of health issues as the need arises. About 9.2% of respondents claimed that they occasionally consumed alcoholic drinks. About 49.5% of the respondents were found to have poor medical history. While majority (73.9%) of the respondents had normal blood pressure (BP), 12.0% and 14% were either pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. Majority of the respondents, 61.2%, were reported obese with a BMI exceeding 25. About 63.4% of respondents had high serum cholesterol while 2.1% reported smoking habit. There were significant cardiovascular risk factors found among women studied.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12
Page(s)	36-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Risk Factors, Cardiovascular, Women, Assessment

References

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[3]	Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006; 367:1747–57.
[4]	Yach D, Hawkes C, Gould C, Hoffman K. the Global burden of Chronic diseases: overcoming Impediments to prevention and control. JAMA. 2004n, 291 (21): 2616 – 2622.
[5]	Sampson Uk, Amuyyunzu – Nyamago GA, Mensah GA. health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention in sub-Saharan Africa.. Prog Cardiovascular disease. 2013: 56(3): 344-55.
[6]	Tourlouki E, Matalas AL, Panagiotakos DB. dietary habits and and cardiovascular disease risk factors in middle aged and elderly populations: a review of evidence. Clin Interv Aging. 2009; 4:319-30.
[7]	Fuster V, Kelly BB (eds). Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world: A critical challenge to achieve global health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010.
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[9]	National Population Commission Nigeria and ICF International. 2014. And Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey 2013.
[10]	Wald NJ, Simmonds M, Morris JK (2011) Screening for Future Cardiovascular Disease Using Age Alone Compared with Multiple Risk Factors and Age. PLoS ONE 6 (5): e18742 doi 10.1371/journal.pone 0018742.
[11]	American Heart Association, 2016. heart health Screenings. http: //www. heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Heart-Heaalth-screening. Accessed 12^th Dec 2016.
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[13]	Oguanobi NI, Ejim EC, Onwubere BJ, Ike SO, Anisiuba BC, Ikeh VO, Aneke EO, Pattern of Cadiovascular Disease amongst Medical admissions in a regional Teaching Hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. Nig J Cardiol 2013;10:77-80.
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[16]	Havranek EP, Mujahid MS, Barr DA, Blair IV, Cohen MS, Cruz-Florez S, Davey- Smith G, et al. Social Determinants and Risk Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2015; 132: 873 – 898 – htts://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.00000000000000228.
[17]	Sani MU, Adamu B, Mijinyawa MS, Abdu A, Kararye KM, Maiyaki MB, et al. Ischaemic Heart Disease in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria:A 5 year review. Nig J Med 2006; 15: 128-31.

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David Daisi Ajayi, Samson Ayo Deji, Olusola Olugbenga Odu, Samuel Ayokunle Dada, Eyitope Oluseyi Amu, et al. (2019). Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 7(2), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12

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David Daisi Ajayi; Samson Ayo Deji; Olusola Olugbenga Odu; Samuel Ayokunle Dada; Eyitope Oluseyi Amu, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2019, 7(2), 36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12

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David Daisi Ajayi, Samson Ayo Deji, Olusola Olugbenga Odu, Samuel Ayokunle Dada, Eyitope Oluseyi Amu, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2019;7(2):36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12,
  author = {David Daisi Ajayi and Samson Ayo Deji and Olusola Olugbenga Odu and Samuel Ayokunle Dada and Eyitope Oluseyi Amu and Oluwadare Marcus},
  title = {Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {36-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20190702.12},
  abstract = {The burden of cardiovascular diseases in developing countries is alarming and needs urgent attention. The study assessed the prevalence of Cardio Vascular Disease risk factor among women in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study design was a descriptive cross sectional survey conducted in Ado - Ekiti, Nigeria. Participants recruited for the study through simple random sampling were 426 women who were in a religious outreach program. Interviewer administered semi – structured questionnaires were used to collect information on respondents socio-demographic characteristics, past medical history, nutritional status (using dietary recall), and behaviors related to lifestyle. A general physical examination was done and anthropometric measurements taken from each respondent. The examinations collected data on, blood pressure, weight and height. Blood specimen (5 ml whole blood) was collected from each respondent for laboratory tests such as random blood sugar (RBS) and serum cholesterol levels. Data from the clinical examinations and laboratory tests were then used to categorize respondents as hypertensive, diabetic, obese and hyperlipidemic. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and level of significance was set at p values < 0.5. A total of 426 respondents participated in the survey of which 64.8% were between 40 -59 years with a mean age of 51.7 ± 11.9 years. A high proportion (81.7%) of respondents had formal education. Most of the respondents (95%) claimed to be employed. About 51.4% of the respondents reported history of substance use. The most commonly consumed by respondents were “bitter kola” (31.7%) and “kolanut” (9.9%). About 5% of respondents either smoked or took substances containing nicotine e.g. “snuff “. Nearly a quarter, 23.2% of respondents claimed that they have ever used herbal (traditional) medicine (23.2%) to take care of health issues as the need arises. About 9.2% of respondents claimed that they occasionally consumed alcoholic drinks. About 49.5% of the respondents were found to have poor medical history. While majority (73.9%) of the respondents had normal blood pressure (BP), 12.0% and 14% were either pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. Majority of the respondents, 61.2%, were reported obese with a BMI exceeding 25. About 63.4% of respondents had high serum cholesterol while 2.1% reported smoking habit. There were significant cardiovascular risk factors found among women studied.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
AU - David Daisi Ajayi
AU - Samson Ayo Deji
AU - Olusola Olugbenga Odu
AU - Samuel Ayokunle Dada
AU - Eyitope Oluseyi Amu
AU - Oluwadare Marcus
Y1 - 2019/05/20
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 36
EP - 41
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12
AB - The burden of cardiovascular diseases in developing countries is alarming and needs urgent attention. The study assessed the prevalence of Cardio Vascular Disease risk factor among women in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study design was a descriptive cross sectional survey conducted in Ado - Ekiti, Nigeria. Participants recruited for the study through simple random sampling were 426 women who were in a religious outreach program. Interviewer administered semi – structured questionnaires were used to collect information on respondents socio-demographic characteristics, past medical history, nutritional status (using dietary recall), and behaviors related to lifestyle. A general physical examination was done and anthropometric measurements taken from each respondent. The examinations collected data on, blood pressure, weight and height. Blood specimen (5 ml whole blood) was collected from each respondent for laboratory tests such as random blood sugar (RBS) and serum cholesterol levels. Data from the clinical examinations and laboratory tests were then used to categorize respondents as hypertensive, diabetic, obese and hyperlipidemic. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and level of significance was set at p values < 0.5. A total of 426 respondents participated in the survey of which 64.8% were between 40 -59 years with a mean age of 51.7 ± 11.9 years. A high proportion (81.7%) of respondents had formal education. Most of the respondents (95%) claimed to be employed. About 51.4% of the respondents reported history of substance use. The most commonly consumed by respondents were “bitter kola” (31.7%) and “kolanut” (9.9%). About 5% of respondents either smoked or took substances containing nicotine e.g. “snuff “. Nearly a quarter, 23.2% of respondents claimed that they have ever used herbal (traditional) medicine (23.2%) to take care of health issues as the need arises. About 9.2% of respondents claimed that they occasionally consumed alcoholic drinks. About 49.5% of the respondents were found to have poor medical history. While majority (73.9%) of the respondents had normal blood pressure (BP), 12.0% and 14% were either pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. Majority of the respondents, 61.2%, were reported obese with a BMI exceeding 25. About 63.4% of respondents had high serum cholesterol while 2.1% reported smoking habit. There were significant cardiovascular risk factors found among women studied.
VL - 7
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

David Daisi Ajayi

Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Samson Ayo Deji

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Olusola Olugbenga Odu

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Samuel Ayokunle Dada

Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Eyitope Oluseyi Amu

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Oluwadare Marcus

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

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David Daisi Ajayi, Samson Ayo Deji, Olusola Olugbenga Odu, Samuel Ayokunle Dada, Eyitope Oluseyi Amu, et al. (2019). Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 7(2), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12

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David Daisi Ajayi; Samson Ayo Deji; Olusola Olugbenga Odu; Samuel Ayokunle Dada; Eyitope Oluseyi Amu, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2019, 7(2), 36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12

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David Daisi Ajayi, Samson Ayo Deji, Olusola Olugbenga Odu, Samuel Ayokunle Dada, Eyitope Oluseyi Amu, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2019;7(2):36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12,
  author = {David Daisi Ajayi and Samson Ayo Deji and Olusola Olugbenga Odu and Samuel Ayokunle Dada and Eyitope Oluseyi Amu and Oluwadare Marcus},
  title = {Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Assessment of Women Attending a Religious Program in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {36-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20190702.12},
  abstract = {The burden of cardiovascular diseases in developing countries is alarming and needs urgent attention. The study assessed the prevalence of Cardio Vascular Disease risk factor among women in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study design was a descriptive cross sectional survey conducted in Ado - Ekiti, Nigeria. Participants recruited for the study through simple random sampling were 426 women who were in a religious outreach program. Interviewer administered semi – structured questionnaires were used to collect information on respondents socio-demographic characteristics, past medical history, nutritional status (using dietary recall), and behaviors related to lifestyle. A general physical examination was done and anthropometric measurements taken from each respondent. The examinations collected data on, blood pressure, weight and height. Blood specimen (5 ml whole blood) was collected from each respondent for laboratory tests such as random blood sugar (RBS) and serum cholesterol levels. Data from the clinical examinations and laboratory tests were then used to categorize respondents as hypertensive, diabetic, obese and hyperlipidemic. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and level of significance was set at p values < 0.5. A total of 426 respondents participated in the survey of which 64.8% were between 40 -59 years with a mean age of 51.7 ± 11.9 years. A high proportion (81.7%) of respondents had formal education. Most of the respondents (95%) claimed to be employed. About 51.4% of the respondents reported history of substance use. The most commonly consumed by respondents were “bitter kola” (31.7%) and “kolanut” (9.9%). About 5% of respondents either smoked or took substances containing nicotine e.g. “snuff “. Nearly a quarter, 23.2% of respondents claimed that they have ever used herbal (traditional) medicine (23.2%) to take care of health issues as the need arises. About 9.2% of respondents claimed that they occasionally consumed alcoholic drinks. About 49.5% of the respondents were found to have poor medical history. While majority (73.9%) of the respondents had normal blood pressure (BP), 12.0% and 14% were either pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. Majority of the respondents, 61.2%, were reported obese with a BMI exceeding 25. About 63.4% of respondents had high serum cholesterol while 2.1% reported smoking habit. There were significant cardiovascular risk factors found among women studied.},
 year = {2019}
}

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