Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in <i>Irvingia Gabonensis</i> (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis

Katnap Ramnan Selvyat; Arome A. F.; Zakari H.; Juliet Okechalu; Nanbol K. K.; Kumzhi P. R.; Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12

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Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis

Katnap Ramnan Selvyat, Arome A. F., Zakari H., Juliet Okechalu, Nanbol K. K., Kumzhi P. R., Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 5)

Received: 23 February 2017 Accepted: 21 March 2017 Published: 18 October 2017

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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin producing mould in Irvingia gabonensis (Bush Mango) seeds sold within Jos metropolis. The total fungal load per sample was gotten from plate count and expressed as Colony Forming Units per gram of sample (cfu/g). The aflatoxigenicity of the fungal isolates was also evaluated on Coconut Extract Agar (CEA) by exposing the reversed side of plates to 365nm ultraviolet light. The result showed that mean fungal count of I. gabonensis ranges from 3.2×10⁶ to 4.0 × 10⁶ cfu / g. The fungi that were implicated for the contamination of the I. gabonensis include: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumingatus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, Peneillium chrisogenu, Verticelium leceanii, Rhizopus oryzea, Fusarium sporotrichoides and yeast. Strains of V. leceanii, yeast and A. flavus were the most predominant at 47.9%, 37.5% and 35.4% respectively. By a way of comparison, the result also showed that Bush Mango seeds from Terminus and Gadabiyu were the most contaminated, followed by Faringada and then Angwa Rukuba. Out of the 39 Aspergillus species isolated, only 4 strains exhibited aflatoxin producing potential. The presence of these aflatoxigenic mould on I. gabonensis seeds presents high health risk and calls for more regulations and periodical assessment of Bush Mango seeds sold in open markets.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12
Page(s)	92-95
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Aflatoxigenic, Fungi, Irvingia Gabonensis, Mycotoxin

References

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[8]	Hussein, H. S. and Brasel, J. M. (2001). Toxicity, metabolism and impact of mycotoxin on human and animals. Toxicology, 167: 101-134.
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[14]	Shanthini CF, Patterson J. Fungi in salted and dried fish of Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India. Fisheries Technologists, Cochin. India. 2003; 412-417.
[15]	Shuaib, F. M. B., Ehiri, J., Abdullahi, A., Williams, J. H., & Jolly, P. E. (2010). Reproductive health effects of aflatoxins: A review of the literature. Reproductive Toxicology, 29, 262-270.

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Katnap Ramnan Selvyat, Arome A. F., Zakari H., Juliet Okechalu, Nanbol K. K., et al. (2017). Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 5(5), 92-95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12

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Katnap Ramnan Selvyat; Arome A. F.; Zakari H.; Juliet Okechalu; Nanbol K. K., et al. Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2017, 5(5), 92-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12

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AMA Style

Katnap Ramnan Selvyat, Arome A. F., Zakari H., Juliet Okechalu, Nanbol K. K., et al. Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2017;5(5):92-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12,
  author = {Katnap Ramnan Selvyat and Arome A. F. and Zakari H. and Juliet Okechalu and Nanbol K. K. and Kumzhi P. R. and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi},
  title = {Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {92-95},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20170505.12},
  abstract = {This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin producing mould in Irvingia gabonensis (Bush Mango) seeds sold within Jos metropolis. The total fungal load per sample was gotten from plate count and expressed as Colony Forming Units per gram of sample (cfu/g). The aflatoxigenicity of the fungal isolates was also evaluated on Coconut Extract Agar (CEA) by exposing the reversed side of plates to 365nm ultraviolet light. The result showed that mean fungal count of I. gabonensis ranges from 3.2×106 to 4.0 × 106 cfu / g. The fungi that were implicated for the contamination of the I. gabonensis include: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumingatus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, Peneillium chrisogenu, Verticelium leceanii, Rhizopus oryzea, Fusarium sporotrichoides and yeast. Strains of V. leceanii, yeast and A. flavus were the most predominant at 47.9%, 37.5% and 35.4% respectively. By a way of comparison, the result also showed that Bush Mango seeds from Terminus and Gadabiyu were the most contaminated, followed by Faringada and then Angwa Rukuba. Out of the 39 Aspergillus species isolated, only 4 strains exhibited aflatoxin producing potential. The presence of these aflatoxigenic mould on I. gabonensis seeds presents high health risk and calls for more regulations and periodical assessment of Bush Mango seeds sold in open markets.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis
AU - Katnap Ramnan Selvyat
AU - Arome A. F.
AU - Zakari H.
AU - Juliet Okechalu
AU - Nanbol K. K.
AU - Kumzhi P. R.
AU - Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi
Y1 - 2017/10/18
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 92
EP - 95
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12
AB - This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin producing mould in Irvingia gabonensis (Bush Mango) seeds sold within Jos metropolis. The total fungal load per sample was gotten from plate count and expressed as Colony Forming Units per gram of sample (cfu/g). The aflatoxigenicity of the fungal isolates was also evaluated on Coconut Extract Agar (CEA) by exposing the reversed side of plates to 365nm ultraviolet light. The result showed that mean fungal count of I. gabonensis ranges from 3.2×106 to 4.0 × 106 cfu / g. The fungi that were implicated for the contamination of the I. gabonensis include: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumingatus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, Peneillium chrisogenu, Verticelium leceanii, Rhizopus oryzea, Fusarium sporotrichoides and yeast. Strains of V. leceanii, yeast and A. flavus were the most predominant at 47.9%, 37.5% and 35.4% respectively. By a way of comparison, the result also showed that Bush Mango seeds from Terminus and Gadabiyu were the most contaminated, followed by Faringada and then Angwa Rukuba. Out of the 39 Aspergillus species isolated, only 4 strains exhibited aflatoxin producing potential. The presence of these aflatoxigenic mould on I. gabonensis seeds presents high health risk and calls for more regulations and periodical assessment of Bush Mango seeds sold in open markets.
VL - 5
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Katnap Ramnan Selvyat

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Arome A. F.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Zakari H.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Juliet Okechalu

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Nanbol K. K.

Department of Plant Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Kumzhi P. R.

Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

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Katnap Ramnan Selvyat, Arome A. F., Zakari H., Juliet Okechalu, Nanbol K. K., et al. (2017). Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 5(5), 92-95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12

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ACS Style

Katnap Ramnan Selvyat; Arome A. F.; Zakari H.; Juliet Okechalu; Nanbol K. K., et al. Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2017, 5(5), 92-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12

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AMA Style

Katnap Ramnan Selvyat, Arome A. F., Zakari H., Juliet Okechalu, Nanbol K. K., et al. Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2017;5(5):92-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12,
  author = {Katnap Ramnan Selvyat and Arome A. F. and Zakari H. and Juliet Okechalu and Nanbol K. K. and Kumzhi P. R. and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi},
  title = {Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {92-95},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170505.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20170505.12},
  abstract = {This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin producing mould in Irvingia gabonensis (Bush Mango) seeds sold within Jos metropolis. The total fungal load per sample was gotten from plate count and expressed as Colony Forming Units per gram of sample (cfu/g). The aflatoxigenicity of the fungal isolates was also evaluated on Coconut Extract Agar (CEA) by exposing the reversed side of plates to 365nm ultraviolet light. The result showed that mean fungal count of I. gabonensis ranges from 3.2×106 to 4.0 × 106 cfu / g. The fungi that were implicated for the contamination of the I. gabonensis include: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumingatus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, Peneillium chrisogenu, Verticelium leceanii, Rhizopus oryzea, Fusarium sporotrichoides and yeast. Strains of V. leceanii, yeast and A. flavus were the most predominant at 47.9%, 37.5% and 35.4% respectively. By a way of comparison, the result also showed that Bush Mango seeds from Terminus and Gadabiyu were the most contaminated, followed by Faringada and then Angwa Rukuba. Out of the 39 Aspergillus species isolated, only 4 strains exhibited aflatoxin producing potential. The presence of these aflatoxigenic mould on I. gabonensis seeds presents high health risk and calls for more regulations and periodical assessment of Bush Mango seeds sold in open markets.},
 year = {2017}
}

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