Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria

Ngozi Caroline Uwannah; Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema; Helen Ihuoma Agharanya; Onyinyechi Gift Mark

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13

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Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria

Ngozi Caroline Uwannah, Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema, Helen Ihuoma Agharanya, Onyinyechi Gift Mark

Published in American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 7 May 2019 Accepted: 12 June 2019 Published: 26 June 2019

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Abstract

This study investigated the influence of religion and income on well-being among employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated and a total of 500 employees from the study area served as participants. The instruments used for data collection included the Demographic Data Inventory (DDI), Well-Being Scale (WBS), and Religion Scale (RS). Data collected were analyzed by means of multiple regression analysis and independent samples t-test. Results revealed significant combined contributions of religion and income to the well-being of employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria (F_{(2, 497)} = 56.467, p < .05), accounting for 25.3% of the variance in their well-being and relative contributions of religion and income to their well-being with income (β = .346; t = 20.491; p < .05) being a stronger predictor of employee well-being than religion (β = .318; t = 18.773; p < .05). There was also a significant difference between employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in the contribution of religion and income to well-being (t = 9.372, p < .05). It was recommended, among other things, that religious involvement among employees should be encouraged and a steady flow of income in the forms of salaries, allowances, and bonuses should be maintained.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13
Page(s)	43-49
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Religion, Income, Well-Being, Employees, Faith-Based Educational Institutions, Secular Educational Institutions

References

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APA Style

Ngozi Caroline Uwannah, Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema, Helen Ihuoma Agharanya, Onyinyechi Gift Mark. (2019). Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(2), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13

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ACS Style

Ngozi Caroline Uwannah; Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema; Helen Ihuoma Agharanya; Onyinyechi Gift Mark. Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2019, 8(2), 43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13

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AMA Style

Ngozi Caroline Uwannah, Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema, Helen Ihuoma Agharanya, Onyinyechi Gift Mark. Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria. Am J Appl Psychol. 2019;8(2):43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13,
  author = {Ngozi Caroline Uwannah and Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema and Helen Ihuoma Agharanya and Onyinyechi Gift Mark},
  title = {Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20190802.13},
  abstract = {This study investigated the influence of religion and income on well-being among employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated and a total of 500 employees from the study area served as participants. The instruments used for data collection included the Demographic Data Inventory (DDI), Well-Being Scale (WBS), and Religion Scale (RS). Data collected were analyzed by means of multiple regression analysis and independent samples t-test. Results revealed significant combined contributions of religion and income to the well-being of employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria (F (2, 497)  = 56.467, p < .05), accounting for 25.3% of the variance in their well-being and relative contributions of religion and income to their well-being with income (β = .346; t = 20.491; p < .05) being a stronger predictor of employee well-being than religion (β = .318; t = 18.773; p < .05). There was also a significant difference between employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in the contribution of religion and income to well-being (t = 9.372, p < .05). It was recommended, among other things, that religious involvement among employees should be encouraged and a steady flow of income in the forms of salaries, allowances, and bonuses should be maintained.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria
AU  - Ngozi Caroline Uwannah
AU  - Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema
AU  - Helen Ihuoma Agharanya
AU  - Onyinyechi Gift Mark
Y1  - 2019/06/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13
AB  - This study investigated the influence of religion and income on well-being among employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated and a total of 500 employees from the study area served as participants. The instruments used for data collection included the Demographic Data Inventory (DDI), Well-Being Scale (WBS), and Religion Scale (RS). Data collected were analyzed by means of multiple regression analysis and independent samples t-test. Results revealed significant combined contributions of religion and income to the well-being of employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria (F (2, 497)  = 56.467, p < .05), accounting for 25.3% of the variance in their well-being and relative contributions of religion and income to their well-being with income (β = .346; t = 20.491; p < .05) being a stronger predictor of employee well-being than religion (β = .318; t = 18.773; p < .05). There was also a significant difference between employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in the contribution of religion and income to well-being (t = 9.372, p < .05). It was recommended, among other things, that religious involvement among employees should be encouraged and a steady flow of income in the forms of salaries, allowances, and bonuses should be maintained.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ngozi Caroline Uwannah

Department of Education, Babcock University, Ilishan, Nigeria
Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema

Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Helen Ihuoma Agharanya

Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Onyinyechi Gift Mark

Pre-Degree Unit, Babcock University, Ilishan, Nigeria

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Ngozi Caroline Uwannah, Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema, Helen Ihuoma Agharanya, Onyinyechi Gift Mark. (2019). Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(2), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13

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ACS Style

Ngozi Caroline Uwannah; Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema; Helen Ihuoma Agharanya; Onyinyechi Gift Mark. Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2019, 8(2), 43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13

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AMA Style

Ngozi Caroline Uwannah, Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema, Helen Ihuoma Agharanya, Onyinyechi Gift Mark. Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria. Am J Appl Psychol. 2019;8(2):43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13,
  author = {Ngozi Caroline Uwannah and Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema and Helen Ihuoma Agharanya and Onyinyechi Gift Mark},
  title = {Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20190802.13},
  abstract = {This study investigated the influence of religion and income on well-being among employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated and a total of 500 employees from the study area served as participants. The instruments used for data collection included the Demographic Data Inventory (DDI), Well-Being Scale (WBS), and Religion Scale (RS). Data collected were analyzed by means of multiple regression analysis and independent samples t-test. Results revealed significant combined contributions of religion and income to the well-being of employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria (F (2, 497)  = 56.467, p < .05), accounting for 25.3% of the variance in their well-being and relative contributions of religion and income to their well-being with income (β = .346; t = 20.491; p < .05) being a stronger predictor of employee well-being than religion (β = .318; t = 18.773; p < .05). There was also a significant difference between employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in the contribution of religion and income to well-being (t = 9.372, p < .05). It was recommended, among other things, that religious involvement among employees should be encouraged and a steady flow of income in the forms of salaries, allowances, and bonuses should be maintained.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Religion and Income as Determinant of Well-being Among Employees in Faith-Based and Secular Educational Institutions in Southern Nigeria
AU  - Ngozi Caroline Uwannah
AU  - Promise Nkwachi Starris-Onyema
AU  - Helen Ihuoma Agharanya
AU  - Onyinyechi Gift Mark
Y1  - 2019/06/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190802.13
AB  - This study investigated the influence of religion and income on well-being among employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated and a total of 500 employees from the study area served as participants. The instruments used for data collection included the Demographic Data Inventory (DDI), Well-Being Scale (WBS), and Religion Scale (RS). Data collected were analyzed by means of multiple regression analysis and independent samples t-test. Results revealed significant combined contributions of religion and income to the well-being of employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in Southern Nigeria (F (2, 497)  = 56.467, p < .05), accounting for 25.3% of the variance in their well-being and relative contributions of religion and income to their well-being with income (β = .346; t = 20.491; p < .05) being a stronger predictor of employee well-being than religion (β = .318; t = 18.773; p < .05). There was also a significant difference between employees in faith-based and secular educational institutions in the contribution of religion and income to well-being (t = 9.372, p < .05). It was recommended, among other things, that religious involvement among employees should be encouraged and a steady flow of income in the forms of salaries, allowances, and bonuses should be maintained.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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