Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Simbarashe Muzemu; James Chitamba; Benny Mutetwa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13

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Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Simbarashe Muzemu, James Chitamba, Benny Mutetwa

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 2, Issue 5)

Received: 27 August 2013 Published: 30 September 2013

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Abstract

Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) is an important storage pest of maize grain in several parts of Africa including Zimbabwe. Although synthetic pesticides are effective at controlling the pest, environmental and health hazards of these chemicals are of increasing concern. The study assessed efficacy of botanical leaf powders of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya in controlling S. zeamais using rates of 5 g, 10 g and 20 g per 200 g of open pollinated maize grain (variety ZM421). The trial was laid in a completely randomised design (CRD), with 12 treatments replicated three times. The grain was put in a freezer at -4oC for a fortnight, before the botanicals were added, to kill any prior sources of weevil inoculum and eggs which might be already pre-existing in the grain. 200 g maize grain was infested with 200 three week old unsexed pure culture weevils in 750 ml jars. After 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days, weevils were sieved and their mortality determined. Percentage grain weight loss was assessed after 35 days post pests introduction. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in number of weevil mortality and grain weight loss among treatments and their application rates. The findings showed that conventional chemical control was most effective than all botanicals used. E. tereticornis was the most effective of all the botanical pesticides at an application rate of 20 g as evidenced by high weevil mortality and less grain weight loss. It was concluded that botanicals have storage pesticidal properties to suppress S. zeamais in maize grain and could be used as an alternative control option to synthetic pesticides.

Published in	Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13
Page(s)	196-201
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta, Carica papaya, Stored Maize Grain Protectants, Sitophilus zeamais

References

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Simbarashe Muzemu, James Chitamba, Benny Mutetwa. (2013). Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2(5), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13

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ACS Style

Simbarashe Muzemu; James Chitamba; Benny Mutetwa. Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Agric. For. Fish. 2013, 2(5), 196-201. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13

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AMA Style

Simbarashe Muzemu, James Chitamba, Benny Mutetwa. Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Agric For Fish. 2013;2(5):196-201. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13,
  author = {Simbarashe Muzemu and James Chitamba and Benny Mutetwa},
  title = {Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {196-201},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20130205.13},
  abstract = {Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) is an important storage pest of maize grain in several parts of Africa including Zimbabwe. Although synthetic pesticides are effective at controlling the pest, environmental and health hazards of these chemicals are of increasing concern. The study assessed efficacy of botanical leaf powders of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya in controlling S. zeamais using rates of 5 g, 10 g and 20 g per 200 g of open pollinated maize grain (variety ZM421). The trial was laid in a completely randomised design (CRD), with 12 treatments replicated three times. The grain was put in a freezer at -4oC for a fortnight, before the botanicals were added, to kill any prior sources of weevil inoculum and eggs which might be already pre-existing in the grain. 200 g maize grain was infested with 200 three week old unsexed pure culture weevils in 750 ml jars. After 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days, weevils were sieved and their mortality determined. Percentage grain weight loss was assessed after 35 days post pests introduction. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in number of weevil mortality and grain weight loss among treatments and their application rates. The findings showed that conventional chemical control was most effective than all botanicals used. E. tereticornis was the most effective of all the botanical pesticides at an application rate of 20 g as evidenced by high weevil mortality and less grain weight loss. It was concluded that botanicals have storage pesticidal properties to suppress S. zeamais in maize grain and could be used as an alternative control option to synthetic pesticides.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
AU - Simbarashe Muzemu
AU - James Chitamba
AU - Benny Mutetwa
Y1 - 2013/09/30
PY - 2013
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13
DO - 10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13
T2 - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP - 196
EP - 201
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5648
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13
AB - Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) is an important storage pest of maize grain in several parts of Africa including Zimbabwe. Although synthetic pesticides are effective at controlling the pest, environmental and health hazards of these chemicals are of increasing concern. The study assessed efficacy of botanical leaf powders of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya in controlling S. zeamais using rates of 5 g, 10 g and 20 g per 200 g of open pollinated maize grain (variety ZM421). The trial was laid in a completely randomised design (CRD), with 12 treatments replicated three times. The grain was put in a freezer at -4oC for a fortnight, before the botanicals were added, to kill any prior sources of weevil inoculum and eggs which might be already pre-existing in the grain. 200 g maize grain was infested with 200 three week old unsexed pure culture weevils in 750 ml jars. After 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days, weevils were sieved and their mortality determined. Percentage grain weight loss was assessed after 35 days post pests introduction. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in number of weevil mortality and grain weight loss among treatments and their application rates. The findings showed that conventional chemical control was most effective than all botanicals used. E. tereticornis was the most effective of all the botanical pesticides at an application rate of 20 g as evidenced by high weevil mortality and less grain weight loss. It was concluded that botanicals have storage pesticidal properties to suppress S. zeamais in maize grain and could be used as an alternative control option to synthetic pesticides.
VL - 2
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Simbarashe Muzemu

Department of Horticulture, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
James Chitamba

Department of Agronomy, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
Benny Mutetwa

Department of Horticulture, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe

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Simbarashe Muzemu, James Chitamba, Benny Mutetwa. (2013). Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2(5), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13

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Simbarashe Muzemu; James Chitamba; Benny Mutetwa. Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Agric. For. Fish. 2013, 2(5), 196-201. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13

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AMA Style

Simbarashe Muzemu, James Chitamba, Benny Mutetwa. Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Agric For Fish. 2013;2(5):196-201. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13,
  author = {Simbarashe Muzemu and James Chitamba and Benny Mutetwa},
  title = {Evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya as Stored Maize Grain Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {196-201},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130205.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20130205.13},
  abstract = {Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) is an important storage pest of maize grain in several parts of Africa including Zimbabwe. Although synthetic pesticides are effective at controlling the pest, environmental and health hazards of these chemicals are of increasing concern. The study assessed efficacy of botanical leaf powders of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tagetes minuta and Carica papaya in controlling S. zeamais using rates of 5 g, 10 g and 20 g per 200 g of open pollinated maize grain (variety ZM421). The trial was laid in a completely randomised design (CRD), with 12 treatments replicated three times. The grain was put in a freezer at -4oC for a fortnight, before the botanicals were added, to kill any prior sources of weevil inoculum and eggs which might be already pre-existing in the grain. 200 g maize grain was infested with 200 three week old unsexed pure culture weevils in 750 ml jars. After 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days, weevils were sieved and their mortality determined. Percentage grain weight loss was assessed after 35 days post pests introduction. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in number of weevil mortality and grain weight loss among treatments and their application rates. The findings showed that conventional chemical control was most effective than all botanicals used. E. tereticornis was the most effective of all the botanical pesticides at an application rate of 20 g as evidenced by high weevil mortality and less grain weight loss. It was concluded that botanicals have storage pesticidal properties to suppress S. zeamais in maize grain and could be used as an alternative control option to synthetic pesticides.},
 year = {2013}
}

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